Luciléia Granhen Tavares Colares

Conhecimentos maternos sobre amamentação entre puérperas inscritas em programa de pré-natal

O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer o nivel de informacao sobre amamentacao entre as mulheres que participam do programa de pre-natal na Maternidade-Escola da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. A amostra totalizou 135 puerperas que responderam a questionario estruturado, contendo perguntas objetivas sobre aspectos praticos e teoricos do aleitamento materno. Os resultados mostraram que as mulheres iniciaram o pre-natal, em media, com 16 semanas de gravidez e realizaram cerca de oito consultas. Dentre elas, 53,3% afirmaram ter recebido informacoes sobre aleitamento materno durante o acompanhamento pre-natal e a informacao mais lembrada por 22,2% foi a de amamentar ate os seis meses de vida do bebe. Quanto ao momento ideal para a primeira mamada, 50,4% consideraram ser logo apos o parto e 47,4% apontaram o leite materno como benefico para proteger o bebe contra doencas. Embora as maes tenham conhecimentos basicos sobre aleitamento materno, questoes como o momento ideal para a primeira mamada, a importância do colostro e aspectos nutricionais relacionados a nutriz ainda precisam ser melhor esclarecidos durante o pre-natal e no periodo pos-parto imediato.

Conhecimento dos manipuladores de alimentos sobre boas práticas nos restaurantes públicos populares do Estado do Rio de Janeiro

The food handlers are the main contamination route for foods and can lead to food poisoning outbreaks. Thus the objective of the present study was to evaluate the level of knowledge of the food handlers working in popular public restaurants (PPR) in Rio de Janeiro/Brazil on good practices in food Handling, and relate this to their training, and their training to the hygienic-sanitary conditions of the PPR. This was an exploratory study, carried out between October/2007 and January/2008 in ten PPR. A questionnaire consisting of 17 closed and open questions, of which 8 concerned their knowledge about good handling practices, was applied to 103 food handlers. Statistical tests were applied to test for correlation between the various levels of knowledge of the handlers, their training in the PPR and the hygienic-sanitary conditions of the PPR. On average, the knowledge of the food handlers was considered to be regular (56.09%), although those working in PPR 3 and 10 showed poor levels of knowledge of, respectively, 48.3 and 49.1% of correct answers. None of the PPR showed good levels of knowledge concerning handling practices. There was positive correlation between the existence of training and the evaluation of the sanitary-hygienic conditions of the PPR, as well as the level of knowledge. It was concluded that the percentage of correct responses on good practices was regular, which reinforces the need to invest in the training of food handlers. Finding the best teaching methods for such training that not only meet the needs of the employees but also the requirements of the sanitary legislation, represents a considerable challenge.

Percepção de responsáveis e recreadores sobre diferentes representações gráficas de guia alimentar para crianças de dois a três anos

OBJETIVO: Conhecer a percepcao de responsaveis e recreadores sobre diferentes representacoes graficas de guia alimentar para criancas de dois a tres anos de idade. METODOS: Estudo qualitativo feito com seis recreadores e 12 responsaveis por criancas de dois a tres anos de uma creche publica do Rio de Janeiro. Um questionario sociodemografico foi aplicado e uma entrevista semi-estruturada, realizada. Mostraram-se cinco representacoes graficas (roda, pirâmide, arco-iris, trenzinho e prato) para que os participantes respondessem a perguntas sobre conhecimento dos grupos alimentares, conceito de nutricao (proporcionalidade/moderacao e variedade), alimentacao saudavel e escolhessem a figura que melhor representasse a alimentacao saudavel. Procedeu-se, entao, a analise de conteudo. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos responsaveis (92%) percebeu o conceito de grupos alimentares com clareza, pois reportou que os guias estavam divididos por alimentos e estes agrupados de acordo com os nutrientes. Os participantes compreenderam o conceito de proporcionalidade/moderacao, porem o formato hierarquizado da pirâmide causou dificuldade de interpretacao, ja que apontaram os grupos no topo como os mais importantes. Os participantes salientaram a importância de incluir na dieta alimentos de todos os grupos, porem o conceito de variedade intragrupo foi compreendido por apenas dois participantes. Os entrevistados elegeram a roda como o icone que melhor representava a alimentacao saudavel. CONCLUSOES: Na elaboracao de um guia alimentar, deve-se levar em consideracao o entendimento dos conceitos nutricionais por parte dos individuos para que os objetivos propostos possam ser atingidos.

Acceptance Evaluation of School Meals Through Different Method Approaches by Children in Brazil

Children school meals acceptance is needed for a good performance in school. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acceptance of school meals. A descriptive cross-sectional study with students aged 7 to 10 years was developed. Students (n = 189) of both genders from an elementary school in Macaé-RJ, Brazil took part in the study. The menu of the school served to the children was evaluated for 22 days. Results have shown that, on average, menus were not accepted. Better results were observed through face hedonic scales method rather than acceptance through the residuals index method. The school meals adherence index was 64.5% (medium). Finally, it was observed that menu adherence and the number of meal repetitions were significantly higher when dishes were prepared properly.

Can the bioelectrical impedance method help to interpret weight change during breastfeeding

The purpose of this research was to verify the changes in the body weight of breastfeeding women, using the anthropometric and the bioelectrical impedance (BIA) methods. The sample was formed by 30 women who were exclusively breastfeeding their children, with an average age of 27.9±4.4 years old, followed up during four appointments in a public hospital of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The anthropometric data showed a significant reduction of body weight during the studied period. Regarding skinfolds, we observed a greater loss in the lower part of the abdominal region, in the suprailiac region and in the thigh. The same occurred to the body circumferences. Resistance values remained unaltered, thus indicating that the total body water content was preserved. We concluded that the significant reduction of body weight was mainly due to the mobilization of the fat tissue, being unrelated to changes in the body water content. In addition, we verified how important it is to associate different methods to assess the change of body weight during breastfeeding.