M. I. Sidor

Azimuth-invariant mueller-matrix differentiation of the optical anisotropy of biological tissues

A Mueller-matrix model is proposed for analysis of the optical anisotropy of protein networks of optically thin nondepolarizing layers of biological tissues with allowance for birefringence and dichroism. The model is used to construct algorithms for reconstruction of coordinate distributions of phase shifts and coefficient of linear dichroism. Objective criteria for differentiation of benign and malignant tissues of female genitals are formulated in the framework of the statistical analysis of such distributions. Approaches of evidence-based medicine are used to determine the working characteristics (sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy) of the Mueller-matrix method for the reconstruction of the parameters of optical anisotropy and show its efficiency in the differentiation of benign and malignant tumors.

Spatial-frequency selection of complex degree of coherence of laser images of blood plasma in diagnostics and differentiation of pathological states of human organism of various nosology

The theoretical background of correlation and phase analysis of laser images of human blood plasma with the spatial-frequency selection of the manifestations of mechanisms of linear and circular birefringence of albumin and globulin is presented. The comparative results of measuring the coordinate distributions of the module of complex degree of coherence (CDC) of laser images of blood plasma taken from the patients of three groups--healthy patients (donors), the patients suffering from the rheumatoid arthritis, and those with stomach cancer (adenocarcinoma)--are shown. The values and ranges of change of the statistical (moments of the first-fourth orders), correlation (excess of autocorrelation functions), and fractal (slopes of approximating curves and dispersion of the extremes of logarithmic dependencies of power spectra) parameters of CDC coordinate distributions are studied. The objective criteria of diagnostics of the pathology and differentiation of the inflammation and oncological state are determined.

Laser polarization-variable autofluorescence of the network of optically anisotropic biological tissues: Diagnostics and differentiation of early stages of cancer of cervix uteri

This research presents the results of investigation of laser polarization fluorescence of biological layers (histological sections, cytological smears) in the task of diagnostics and differentiation of early stages of cancer: Dysplasia — cervical microinvasive carcinoma of cervix uteri. The analytical conditions of polarization-optimal probing of biological layers were determined basing on the model of linear birefringence and dichroism of birefringent (fibrillar, porphyrin) networks. The technique of polarization-variable laser autofluorescence was developed and experimentally tested. The objective criteria (statistical moments) of differentiation of histological sections autofluorescent images of endometrium biopsy and cytological smears of it mucous coat were defined. The operational characteristics (sensitivity, specificity, accuracy) of this technique were determined concerning the positions of probative medicine, and clinical efficiency.

Laser polarization autofluorescence of endogenous porphyrins of optically anisotropic biological tissues and fluids in diagnostics of necrotic and pathological changes of human organs

This research presents the results of investigation of laser polarization fluorescence of biological layers (histological sections, cytological smears). The polarization structural properties of autofluorescent images of human biological tissues layers and fluids were found and investigated. A model describing the formation of polarizationally heterogeneous images of optically anisotropic biological layers is suggested. On this basis, the practical method of polarization-variable autofluorescence is analytically substantiated and experimentally tested. The efficiency of applying this method to various tasks of medical diagnostics is analyzed: objectification of histological conclusions, defining and differentiating of various forms of cancer (dysplasia--microinvasive cancer) of the cervix uteri, and forensic medical express-differentiation of cause of death. The objective criteria (statistical moments) of differentiation of autofluorescent images of histological sections of myocardium biopsy and endometrium and cytological smears of its mucous tunic are defined. The operational characteristics (sensitivity, specificity, accuracy) of this method are determined concerning the positions of probative medicine, and the clinical efficiency of the technique is demonstrated.

System 3D Jones-matrix polarimetry of polycrystalline films of biological fluids

A model of multilayer polycrystalline structure of films of biological fluids of human organs has been developed. Each layer is associated with a partial Jones-matrix operator of phase and amplitude anisotropy. A new principle for detecting polarization-inhomogeneous object fields using a coherent laser wave is proposed. Algorithms for digital holographic reconstruction of field distributions of complex amplitudes in the plane of a polycrystalline film of a biological fluid are found. A new optical technique is proposed: direct measurement of 3D distributions of elements of the Jones matrix. Maps of layer-by-layer distributions of elements of the Jones matrix of polycrystalline urine films are studied. Sensitivity, specificity and balanced accuracy of the 3D Jones-matrix tomography method of the polycrystalline structure of urine films of healthy donors and patients with albuminuria were determined. Within the framework of the statistical analysis of stratified maps of elements of the Jones matrix of polycrystalline urine films, objective criteria for the early diagnosis of the onset and course of albuminuria were found.

Diffuse tomography of optical anisotropy of tumors of the uterus wall

An optical-physical system for extracting information about the fluctuations in the optical anisotropy of strongly scattering biological tissues is considered. A model is proposed for the formation of a depolarized background by birefringent and dichroic structures. An explicit form and symmetry of the completely depolarized component of the Mueller matrix is determined, a second-order differential matrix. An algorithm for the analytic determination of the distributions of elements of a second-order differential matrix is found. Interrelations between the magnitude of the elements of the second-order differential matrix and the fluctuations of the linear and circular birefringence-dichroism are obtained. The technique of diffuse tomography of an optically anisotropic component of strongly scattering biological tissues has been developed and experimentally tested. Maps of the distributions of the elements of the completely depolarized component of the Mueller matrix of the histological sections of the internal organs of the healthy and of the diabetic rats . The sensitivity, specificity and balanced accuracy of the method of diffuse tomography of the polycrystalline structure of tumors of the uterine wall and the degree of hemorrhage of the liver are determined.

Clinical applications of the Mueller-matrix reconstruction of the polycrystalline structure of multiple-scattering biological tissues

A multilayered model of the optical anisotropy of the light-scattering layer of biological tissue is considered. The Muller matrix of the depolarizing layer is represented as a superposition of partial matrix operators for linear and circular birefringence-dichroism. For multiple scattering, an algorithm is proposed for the expansion of the Muller matrix in the form of two components. The first is the fully polarized component of the Muller matrix. The second is the completely depolarized component of the Muller matrix. The algorithms for measuring the elements of the fully polarized component of the Muller matrix for distributions of the phase and amplitude anisotropy of the depolarizing biological tissue are found. Maps of the distributions of the completely polarized component of the Muller matrix elements of histological sections of healthy and diabetic rats liver tissue have been studied. Sensitivity, specificity and balanced accuracy of the Muller-matrix reconstruction method of the polycrystalline structure of multiply scattering biological tissues are determined. Within the framework of the statistical analysis of the maps of the elements of the fully polarized component of the Muller matrix, histological sections of the liver tissue, objective criteria for the differentiation of healthy and diabetic rats have been found.

System of differential Mueller-matrix mapping of phase and amplitude anisotropy of depolarizing biological tissues

The possibility of solving the inverse problem - extraction of information about linear and circular birefringence and dichroism of light scattering biological layers is considered. An analytical model of the optical anisotropy of depolarizing biological tissues is proposed. The Mueller matrix is represented as a superposition of differential matrices of the first and second orders. Interrelations between the parameters of phase and amplitude anisotropy and elements of a first-order differential matrix are obtained. The algorithms for the experimental measurement of the coordinate distributions of the elements of the polarization component of the Mueller matrix of depolarizing biological tissue are found. The symmetry and features of first-order differential matrices of fibrillar (muscle) and parenchymal (liver) depolarizing biological tissues are investigated. The interrelations between the statistical moments of the first and fourth orders and the features of the morphological polycrystalline structure of the biological tissues of various human organs are found. The ways of application of the differential Mueller-matrix mapping method in clinical diagnostics of the distribution of the phase and amplitude anisotropy distributions are proposed.

Jones matrix polarization-correlation mapping of biological crystals networks

It has been proposed the optical model of Jones-matrix description of mechanisms of optical anisotropy of polycrystalline films of human bile, namely optical activity and birefringence. The algorithm of reconstruction of distributions of parameters - optical rotation angles and phase shifts of the indicated anisotropy types has been elaborated. The objective criteria of differentiation of bile films taken from healthy donors and patients with cholelithiasis by means of statistic analysis of such distributions have been determined. The operational characteristics (sensitivity, specificity and accuracy) of Jones-matrix reconstruction method of optical anisotropy parameters were defined.

System of multifunctional Jones matrix tomography of phase anisotropy in diagnostics of endometriosis

The paper presents the results of Jones-matrix mapping of uterine wall histological sections with second-degree and third-degree endometriosis. The technique of experimental measurement of coordinate distributions of the modulus and phase values of Jones matrix elements is suggested. Within the statistical and cross-correlation approaches the modulus and phase maps of Jones matrix images of optically thin biological layers of polycrystalline films of plasma and cerebrospinal fluid are analyzed. A set of objective parameters (statistical and generalized correlation moments), which are the most sensitive to changes in the phase of anisotropy, associated with the features of polycrystalline structure of uterine wall histological sections with second-degree and third-degree endometriosis are determined.