M. Kürkçüoglu

Antimicrobial activity of some Satureja essential oils.

The genus Satureja is represented by fifteen species of which five are endemic and Satureja pilosa and S. icarica have recently been found as new records for Turkey. Aerial parts of the Satureja pilosa, S. icarica, S. boissieri and S. coerulea collected from different localities in Turkey were subjected to hydrodistillation to yield essential oils which were subsequently analysed by GC and GC/MS. The main constituents of the oils were identified, and both antibacterial and antifungal bioassays were applied. Carvacrol (59.2%, 44.8%, 42.1%) was the main component in the oils of S. icarica, S. boissieri and S. pilosa, respectively. The oil of S. coerulea contained β-caryophyllene (10.6%) and caryophyllene oxide (8.0%) as main constituents.

Essential oils of Nepeta species growing in Turkey.

Essential oils from 22Nepetaspecies growing in Turkey have been studied. Results of GC/MS analyses of the essential oils have shown that four Nepeta species contain 4aα-7α-7aα-nepetalactone as the major component. 4aα-7α-7aβ-Nepetalactone was the main constituent in N. racemosa. Seven Nepeta species contained caryophyllene oxide as the main constituent in their essential oils. 1,8-Cineole/linalool were the major components in the essential oils of six species. β-Pinene,α-terpineol,germacrene-D,and spathulenol were the main constituents in the essential oils fromN. phyllochlamys, N. viscida, N. sorgerae, andN. trachonitica, respectively.

The Essential Oil of Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum of Turkish Origin

ABSTRACT Water distilled essential oils of 23 collections of Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum from the Aegean region of Turkey were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Forty-eight compounds which amounted to 95.09–99.49% of the total components detected were identified. Carvacrol content in the oils varied between 23.43–78.73%.

Essential Oils of Mentha Species from Northern Turkey

Abstract Out of 8 species and 15 taxa (including hybrids) of Mentha existing in the flora of Turkey, 8 taxa belonging to 6 species were investigated for essential oils. Of 272 samples collected from 181 stations in northern Turkey, 85 were subjected to water distillation and GC/MS analysis. The taxa investigated were as follows: Mentha pulegium, M. suaveolens, M. aquatica, M. spicata var. spicata, M. longifolia ssp. longifolia, M. longifolia ssp. typhoides, M. x dumetorium, M. x villosa-nervata. The authors discuss chemotypic variations based on the results of essential oil analysis, soil analysis and chromosome counts.

Studies on Turkish rose concrete, absolute, and hydrosol

The production of rose absolute from fresh flowers of the cultivated Rosa damascena Miller was realized using traditional and modern techniques, such as molecular distillation, extraction with liquified gases, etc. Headspace trapping and SPME techniques were employed in the sampling of volatile constituents in the concrete, absolute, and hydrosol, for analysis by GC/MS.

The effects of intra-rectal and intra-peritoneal application of Origanum onites L. essential oil on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced colitis in the rat.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the treatment efficiency of intra-rectal (IR) and intra-peritoneal (IP) application of Origanum onites essential oil (OOEO), which is a well-known antioxidant, in the colitis model induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) and ethanol (E) in comparison with dexamethasone therapy through the morphologic damage score. Monoclonal antibodies against intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1, CD54), anti-rat granulocytes, and myeloperoxidase (MPO), were also investigated immunohistochemically. There was a significant difference in terms of ulceration, mucus cell depletion, inflammatory cell infiltration, vascular dilatation (p<0.001), crypt abscesses (p<0.01), and edema (p<0.05) between OOEO-1mg/kg-IR and control colitis groups. A significant difference was encountered in terms of mucus cell depletion, crypt abscesses, inflammatory cell infiltration, vascular dilatation (p<0.01), and ulceration (p<0.05) between the OOEO-0.1mg/kg-IR and control colitis groups. A significant difference was noticed in terms of ulceration, inflammatory cell infiltration, mucus cell depletion (p<0.001), vascular dilatation (p<0.01), and mucosal atrophy (p<0.05) between the OOEO-1mg/kg-IP and control colitis groups. There was a significant difference in terms of ulceration, mucus cell depletion, inflammatory cell infiltration (p<0.001), crypt abscesses, vascular dilatation (p<0.01), and mucosal atrophy (p<0.05) between the OOEO-0.1mg/kg-IP and control colitis groups. No significant difference was determined in terms of ulceration, inflammatory cyst, mucosal atrophy, edema, and vascular dilatation between the dexamethazone and control colitis groups (p>0.05). Under the present conditions, we concluded that IR and IP OOEO treatment, applied at the dosage of 0.1 or 1mg/kg/day, have a significant protective effect on the colonic injury.

Essential Oil Composition of the Fruits of Seseli resinosum Freyn et Sint. and Seseli tortuosum L. Growing in Turkey

Abstract Essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from fruits of Seseli resinosum Freyn et Sint. and Seseli tortuosum L. were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Twenty-two compounds were characterized, representing 100.0% of the oil of S. resinosum, while 27 compounds were found, representing 98.3% of the oil of S. tortuosum. The main constituents were found to be β-pinene (37.5%), 4α-hydroxygermacra-1(10)-5-diene (21.7%), α-pinene (13.7%) for S. resinosum and (E)-sesquilavandulol (37.0%), sabinene (19.7%), α-pinene (13.5%), β-phellandrene (7.8%) for S. tortuosum.

Composition and the in vitro antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of some Thymus species

The genus Thymus (Lamiaceae) is represented by 38 species (64 taxa) in Turkey, and 24 of which are endemic to Turkey. Aerial parts of Thymus longicaulis subsp. chaubardii var. chaubardii, T. zygioides var. lycaonicus, T. longicaulis subsp. longicaulis var. subisophyllus and T. pulvinatus collected from three different localities in Balikesir province were subjected to hydrodistillation to yield essential oils which were subsequently analysed by GC and GC/ MS. The main constituents of the oils were identified, and antimicrobial bioassay was applied. Thymol (56.6%, 42.8%, 36.9%) was the main component in the oils of T. longicaulis subsp. chaubardii var. chaubardii (chemotype I), T. longicaulis subsp. chaubardii var. chaubardii (chemotype II) and T. zygioides var. lycaonicus respectively. The oil of T. longicaulis subsp. longicaulis var. subisophyllus contained carvacrol (60.0%) and the oil of T. pulvinatus borneol (27.9%) as main constituents.

Composition of essential oils from two varieties of Thymbra spicata L

ABSTRACT The essential oils from two varieties of Thymbra spicata var. spicata and var. intricata (endemic in Turkey) obtained by hydrodistillation were studied by GC and GC/MS. Forty-one compounds which made up 95.66–99.99% of the oil were identified. The major component in all the oils but one was carvacrol (49.19–76.86%). Thymol (50.71%) was the main component in the oil of one strain of T. spicata var. intricata.

Essential Oil Composition of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. from Mozambique

Abstract Water-distilled oil from the dried leaves of two trees of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. of different ages, were analyzed by GC/MS. The principal constituent, in the 4-year-old tree oil and the 11-year-old tree oil, was 1,8-cineole (40.0%, 37.1%, respectively). Other major constituents were: β-pinene (9.2%, 0.1%), γ-terpinene (5.3%,10.4%), p-cymene (4.7%, 11.6%), terpinen-4-ol (2.8%, 5.5%) and globulol (5.4%, 9.6%).