N. Kirimer

Essential oils of Nepeta species growing in Turkey.

Essential oils from 22Nepetaspecies growing in Turkey have been studied. Results of GC/MS analyses of the essential oils have shown that four Nepeta species contain 4aα-7α-7aα-nepetalactone as the major component. 4aα-7α-7aβ-Nepetalactone was the main constituent in N. racemosa. Seven Nepeta species contained caryophyllene oxide as the main constituent in their essential oils. 1,8-Cineole/linalool were the major components in the essential oils of six species. β-Pinene,α-terpineol,germacrene-D,and spathulenol were the main constituents in the essential oils fromN. phyllochlamys, N. viscida, N. sorgerae, andN. trachonitica, respectively.

Essential Oil Composition of Four Origanum vulgare Subspecies of Anatolian Origin

ABSTRACT Essential oil composition of four subspecies of Origanum vulgare L. (Labiatae, Sect. Majorana); subsp. hirtum (Link) Ietswaart, subsp. gracile (C. Koch) Ietswaart, subsp. vulgare and subsp. viride (Boiss.) Hayek growing wild in Turkey have been examined by GC and GC/MS analysis. More than 80 constituents were identified in the oil samples of the four subspecies. O. vulgare subsp. hirtum was rich in carvacrol (70.47%), while subsp. gracile contained β-caryophyllene (17.54%) and germacrene D (12.75%) as the dominant constituents. The major components of subsp. viride were terpinen-4-ol (16.82%) and germacrene D (15.87%), while subsp. vulgare was rich in terpinen-4-ol + β-caryophyllene (20.94%) and germacrene D (17.80%).

Composition of the Essential Oil of Origanum majorana L. from Turkey

ABSTRACT Water-distilled essential oils of Origanum majorana L. collected from two localities in Turkey were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Carvacrol (78.27–79.46%) was found to be the major component in both oils.

Composition of the essential oils of Lycium barbarum and L. ruthenicum fruits

Water-distilled essential oils from the fruits of Lycium barbarum and L. ruthenicum were analyzed by GCMS. The main components in the oil of L. barbarum were found to be hexadecanoic acid (47.5%), linoleic acid (9.1%), β-elemene (5.4%), myristic acid (4.2%), and ethyl hexadecanoate (4.0%). The essential oil of L. ruthenicum has heptacosane (14.3%), ethyl linoleate (10.0%), hexacosane (7.0%), nonacosane (6.2%), and ethyl hexadecanoate (5.8%) as the main compounds.

Essential oils of Sideritis species of Turkey belonging to the section Empedoclia

The paper summarizes the work done on the essential oil content and composition of fifty Sideritis species of Turkey belonging to the section Empedoclia. The water-distilled oils were analyzed by GC/MS. The oils were characterized as having mono- and sesquiterpenoids.

Antioxidant Properties and Phenolic Composition of Sideritis Species

The antioxidant properties and phenolic composition of 27 Sideritis species were studied. Plant samples were extracted with petroleum ether using a Soxhlet apparatus. The defatted plant materials were extracted with 70% methanol. Antioxidant activities of the extracts were measured using Fe+2 induced linoleic acid peroxidation, as indicated by thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) production. Free radical scavenging activities were determined based on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH). Results were compared with standard BHT. Total phenol concentration of the extracts was estimated with Folin-Ciocalteu reagent using gallic acid as standard, and phenolic components were quantified by HPLC-DAD.

Antimicrobial activities of Ferulago essential oils.

Essential oils from Ferulago asparagifolia Boiss., F. galbanifera (Miller) W. Koch, F. humilis Boiss. (Endemic), F. trachycarpa Boiss. growing in Turkey were evaluated against 15 microorganisms for their antifungal and antibacterial activity using an agar tube dilution and microdilution broth susceptibility assay, respectively. The essential oil compositions were investigated by GC/MS. Inhibitory effects against Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Candida albicans, Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, Sclerotium rolfsii and Fusarium moniliforme were remarkable. Results are discussed in comparison with the chemical composition of the essential oils.

The essential oil of Salvia pomifera L

ABSTRACT A water-distilled essential oil obtained from the leaves of Salvia pomifera was examined by GC/MS. Twenty-seven components representing 92.87% of the oil were characterized. The major components were β-thujone (50.67%), α-thujone (15.64%) and 1,8-cineole (7.08%).

Biotransformation of (-)-(R)-α-phellandrene: antimicrobial activity of its major metabolite.

Terpene derivatives converted by microbial biotransformation constitute an important resource for natural pharmaceutical, fragrance, and aroma substances. In the present study, the monoterpene α‐phellandrene was biotransformed by 16 different strains of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, and yeasts). The transformation metabolites were initially screened by TLC and GC/MS, and then further characterized by NMR spectroscopic techniques. Among the six metabolites characterized, 6‐hydroxypiperitone, α‐phellandrene epoxide, cis‐p‐menth‐2‐en‐1‐ol, and carvotanacetone, which originated from (−)‐(R)‐α‐phellandrene, are reported for the first time in this study. Additionally, the substrate and the metabolite 5‐p‐menthene‐1,2‐diol were subjected to in vitro antibacterial and anticandidal tests. The metabolite showed moderate‐to‐good inhibitory activities (MICs=0.125 to >4 mg/ml) against various bacteria and especially against Candida species in comparison with its substrate (−)‐(R)‐α‐phellandrene and standard antimicrobial agents.

Composition of the Essential Oil of Micromeria congesta

ABSTRACT The steam and water distilled oils of Micromeria congesta Boiss. et Hausskn. ex Boiss. were investigated by GC and GC/MS. Forty compounds were identified making up 91.5% of the steam distilled oil and 93% of the water distilled oil. Major components of the oils were identified as piperitenone oxide (40–45%), pulegone (9.7–11.8%) and verbenone (8.3–9.4%).