Maria de Fátima de Souza Santos

O idoso nas instituições gerontológicas: um estudo na perspectiva das representações sociais

RESUMO: Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar e comparar as representacoes sociais de velhice entre idosos de Grupos de Convivencias (GC’s) e de Instituicoes de Long a Permanencia (ILPI’s). Participaram 50 idosos (25 dos GC’s e 25 das ILPI’s), de ambos os sexos (60% feminina e 40% masculina), com media de idade de 82 anos. Utilizou-se Entrevistas Semi-Estruturadas, realizadas de forma individual no âmbito das instituicoes gerontologicas. Os dados foram analisados com apoio do software Alceste (Reinert, 1990) atraves da Analise Hierarquica Descendente, que permite uma analise das raizes lexicais, considerando a palavra como unidade, tambem oferece a sua contextualizacao no corpus. Os dados obtidos emergiram representacoes em dois polos antagonicos: por um lado, as vivencias relacionadas aos ganhos e, outro, as perdas inerentes a velhice. Verificaram-se representacoes sociais da velhice numa conotacao negativa, e comumente associada ao binomio velhice-doenca. Salienta-se a importância de intervencoes psicossociais que priorizem a melhoria na qualidade de vida do idoso. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: velhice; instituicoes g erontologicas; representacoes sociais. THE ELDERLY IN GERIATRIC INSTITUTIONS: A STUDY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONS

Representando a alteridade

O livro Representando a alteridade, organizado por Angela Arruda, vem preencher um espaço necessário às discussões em Psicologia Social. Reunindo pesquisadores cujas linhas de pesquisa são voltadas para temas diversos, ele consegue ter claramente um eixo central de discussão teórica: a contribuição da teoria das representações sociais ao campo das relações com o outro. Conceber o sujeito como produto e produtor social implica, necessariamente, ter como preocupação básica o estudo das relações que ele estabelece com o outro entendidas como constitutivas do eu e os sentidos que o outro assume nas diversas culturas. Logo na apresentação do livro, entretanto, Moscovici chama a atenção do leitor para a distância que separa a aceitação desse pressuposto e as dificuldades que a noção do outro impõem. Dificuldades essas que abrangem a compreensão que se tem do que se denomina como outro, a gama de especificidades das relações que estabelecemos com o outro (por vezes, ausente ou negado em sua condição de sujeito) e o conjunto de idéias, noções e significados subjacentes à percepção imediata que temos do outro. É considerando tais dificuldades que os autores tentam explorar a noção do outro a partir da teoria das representações sociais, articuR E S E N H A

Os adolescentes e a violência na imprensa

The study of violence wakes up the society interest on its growth and also on the engagement of adolescents from several socio-economic strata in violent acts, as victims or as agents of the violence. The objective of this work is to analyze the social representations on adolescence and violence in the newspapers of Pernambuco. We analyzed 1.270 news published during 12 months in two newspapers. The data analyzed by the ALCESTE software shows different treatments in the news, according to the adolescents social class. Violence related to the upper-class-adolescent is highlighted as a family tragedy which deserves the engagement of the institutions in order to solve it. There is a concretization of the violence in a precise social group: the poor one. Consequently, the binomial violence - poverty is reinforced.

Diferentes olhares sobre a natureza: representação social como instrumento para educação ambiental

O presente trabalho representa um esforco de identificacao do significado de natureza por diferentes grupos sociais que atuam nas praias de Gamela e Guadalupe, litoral Sul de Pernambuco. Como referencia teorica, tomou-se a abordagem das representacoes sociais de Moscovici, a abordagem estrutural de Abric e a perspectiva societal de Doise. A obtencao e analise dos dados seguiram uma orientacao pluri-metodologica revelando, por um lado, a existencia de um campo comum das representacoes orientado pela ideia de natureza provedora, fonte de vida, frente a necessidade da preservacao. Por outro, as diferenciacoes grupais revelaram uma natureza provedora das necessidades humanas tanto no sentido fisico como no sensual. A presenca de representacoes hegemonicas demarca uma crise que confirma o espaco relacional sociedade humana-natureza em processo de transformacao na busca de novas configuracoes. Este trabalho ratifica a importância da utilizacao da teoria das representacoes sociais como um instrumento teorico e metodologico para o conhecimento das representacoes sociais de natureza.

Entre o aborto e a pesquisa: o embrião na imprensa Brasileira

After many debates in the public sphere, in 2005 Brazil approved embryo research. However, the polemic on the handling of the embryo remains in the center of a social agenda and causes controversies anchored in vast systems of values and thoughts. This work aims to analyze the social construction of the embryo object via social communication in the light of the theory of the social representations. 447 articles published in two Brazilian newspapers published in 2005 were analyzed by the software ALCESTE. The various standpoints seem to be anchored in a field of representations related to the question of the right to life. The data do not show a difference in approach between the two publications.

Representações sociais da família e violência

The idea of family alludes to relations of protection. Generally, the thought and idealized family connotes hegemony. In Brazil, adopting the idea of families would be more appropriate considering the ethnic and cultural multiplicity. However, it is in this refuge that generally involves relations between adults, youth and children, that domestic violence occurs, which is a social phenomenon of alarming relevance. This review article aimed to discuss the relation between social representations of family and violence in a space of family relations, from studies performed with various social groups composed of women and/or men, children, health professionals and health managers. Theses and dissertations, developed in the Federal Universities of Pernambuco and Bahia, Brazil, were used as the study base. The studies full reading was followed by a registration form. The results pointed the family as a moral value that makes difficulty breaking relations of violence. The existent paradigms in social and health areas that influence and establish professional actions, do not answer to the consideration of the phenomenon family violence.The idea of family alludes to relations of protection. Generally, the thought and idealized family connotes hegemony. In Brazil, adopting the idea of families would be more appropriate considering the ethnic and cultural multiplicity. However, it is in this refuge that generally involves relations between adults, youth and children, that domestic violence occurs, which is a social phenomenon of alarming relevance. This review article aimed to discuss the relation between social representations of family and violence in a space of family relations, from studies performed with various social groups composed of women and/or men, children, health professionals and health managers. Theses and dissertations, developed in the Federal Universities of Pernambuco and Bahia, Brazil, were used as the study base. The studies full reading was followed by a registration form. The results pointed the family as a moral value that makes difficulty breaking relations of violence. The existent paradigms in social and health areas that influence and establish professional actions, do not answer to the consideration of the phenomenon family violence.

Adolescentes podem ser alunos ideais

This research investigated not only adolescent social representations but essentially the ideal student according to high school teachers, by associating meanings to discipline/indiscipline. By adopting the Theory of Social Representations, 30 teachers and students from four different schools in Recife, Pernambuco participated. The Free Association Survey - FAS, the evoked words hierarchy questionnaire and interviews were used as resources methods. At the analysis stage, EVOC software was applied to the free association survey and ALCESTE software was employed in order to justify the hierarchy on the interviews. Distinct representations of ideal student and adolescent were observed, without relationship to them as well as on opposite meanings. Negativity sharing relates adolescents to indiscipline, opposite representation to the ideal student, justified by the lack of future perspective, lost and disrespectful students. Obedient adolescent students consolidate the idealization of the ideal student: those who plan their future in the present. For these reasons, adolescents, incivility synonym, become unviable for emancipation projects in addition to citizenship through school education.

Representações e práticas educativas de mães referentes a filhos atendidos pelo Conselho Tutelar

This study investigated the representations of mothers helped by the Tutoring Counsel about “problem children”; the educational practices developed in facing the problem Eleven mothers of adolescents participated in the study, with children who presented some kind of problem – involvement with drugs, being at the street situation and/or practicing minor transgressions. We utilized an interview script with an evocation question, open questions. The material was analyzed using Bardin s thematic analysis. The results show that the representation of the mothers presents elements as: uncontrollable, weak mind and rebel. The causes seem to be centered in the personal and internal characteristics; friendships and the environment where they live; lack of control; need of acquirement of socially valued goods; and religious questions. The educational practices, though, are based on dialogue and advice. However, the mothers evaluate that the only practice capable of solving the problem of their children in internship. Nevertheless, what happens is that in most cases the application of this measure does not fall under the Tutoring Counsel capabilities, creating a gap between what is sought by the mothers and the measures applied by the Counsel in order to solve the problem.

Assistência estudantil sob múltiplos olhares: a disputa de concepções

It is relatively recent the regulation of student assistance in the governmental level, as a public policy. However, the discussions and debates on this subject are quite old, by the creation’s period of the first Brazilian universities, in the 1930s. Considering this policy historical process of framing, this article intends to discuss the different views proposed as a result of the discussions realized on this scenario. It also intends to systematize the current main points of discussion and confrontation on this subject. Those conceptions are often in dispute to define a student assistance regarded as ideal.

Alterity and identity refusal: The construction of the image of the crack user

The discourse disseminated in the media shows the user of crack as dependent or criminal. This study’s aim was to analyze the construction of otherness around the image of crack users. We interviewed 14 crack users in different places and the data were analyzed using Thematic Content Analysis. The participants’ reports suggest that the image of crack users is established based on alterity, in which the individual in this condition does not recognize him/herself. Thus, even though users contend that their actions are not determined by the standards provided by their interactional networks, hegemonic representations concerning their contexts of use attest that these activities concerning crack are just as they are perceived to be. Therefore, even though they have other experiences with the drug, these participants believe that the use of crack provides a destructive pleasure and impedes voluntary action.O discurso veiculado tanto na imprensa quanto nas comunicacoes cotidianas tem situado o usuario de crack como dependente ou criminoso. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar a construcao da alteridade em torno da imagem do usuario de crack. Para isso, foram entrevistados 14 usuarios de crack de diferentes localidades e realizada Analise Tematica de Conteudo das informacoes obtidas. Diante desses discursos, pode-se afirmar que a figura do usuario de crack se institui numa alteridade, em que o proprio individuo inserido nessa condicao nao se apropria. Desse modo, apesar dos usuarios apresentarem que suas acoes nao se determinam em relacao as normas decorrentes de suas redes interacionais, as representacoes hegemonicas de seus contextos de uso remetem essas atividades como verdades sobre o crack. Assim, mesmo vivenciando outras experiencias com a droga, acreditam que seu uso remete ao âmbito do prazer destrutivo e da impossibilidade de acao voluntaria.