Maria Helena Salgado Bagnato

Subsídios para uma formação profissional crítico-reflexiva na área da saúde: o desafio da virada do século

Change in the logic of health profissional formation is a demanding challenge for the new world order. The present study searches the problematical bases of reflexive-critical teaching in the area and its contribution for placing the profissional in the work market. This insertion must be regulated by the collective citizenship ethics and must also look forward to a confrontation, in an organized way, with the interests of the neoliberal project.Change in the logic of health professional formation is a demanding challenge for the new world order. The present study searches the problematical bases of reflexive-critical teaching in the area and its contribution for placing the professional in the work market. This insertion must be regulated by the collective citizenship ethics and must also look forward to a confrontation, in an organized way, with the interests of the neoliberal project.El cambio de la logica de la formacion de los profesionales de la salud es una exigencia frente a los desafios del nuevo orden mundial. Este estudio busca problematizar las bases de la ensenanza critico-reflexiva en el area y su contribucion para la insercion de los profesionales en el mercado de trabajo. Esta insercion debe ser regida por la etica de la ciudadania colectiva y debe estar dispuesta a enfrentar de forma organizada los intereses del projecto neoliberal.

Diretrizes Curriculares da Graduação de Enfermagem: pensando contextos, mudanças e perspectivas

Investigacion tratando de las directrizes curiculares para la graduacion em enfermeria em el Brazil aprobadas em 2001 por la resolucion numero 03/2001-CNE. Se objectivo contextualizar y recatar el processo historico de elaboracion de estas directrizes, discutir el contenido aprobado forneciendo elementos para orientar la contruccion de proyectos politico-pedagogicos. Se utilozo las fuentes bibliograficas, documentos e declaraciones orales. Se evidencio los principios pedagogicos presente em las directrizes; enfocamos la discucion sobre la discusion; la licenciatura em enfermeria, el Sistema Unico de Salud como foco de la Red Unida. El contexto de la educacion superior y de la salud privatizados, las mudanzas economicas (globalizacion financira, la actuacion de las agencias internacionales) definieron el panorama de las mudanzas em la graduacion em Brazil em los anos 90 e comienzo del siglo XXI.

Ensino médio e educação profissionalizante em enfermagem: algumas reflexões

Este trabajo tiene el objetivo de analizar las politicas de educacion profesional, aspectos problematicos de cambios efectuados en el bachillerato en Brasil. De modo general, las legislaciones aprobadas manifiestan, interes de las politicas neoliberales, de los organismos multilaterales e implicaciones de la reorganizacion mundial productiva y de la reduccion de la participacion del Estado en las politicas sociales. Tambien se explica el modo que el pais se articula al proceso de globalizacion mundial, en un papel dependiente, mas consumidor que productor de conocimientos, perdiendo la oportunidad de conquistar su autonomia incluso en el campo de formacion profesional. A partir de las posibilidades mencionadas, por estas legislaciones, para la organizacion curricular, defendemos que la ensenanza profesional en enfermeria tiene que asumir una perspectiva tecnica integrada a una educacion general, ofrecida en el mismo espacio, disminuyendo el riesgo de una formacion minimalista y aligerada.Analyzing the politics of professional education and questioning the changes that have been introduced in the Brazilian high school system are the main objectives of this study. In general, the approved legislation expresses the interests of the neo-liberal policies, of multilateral organisms, and of the implications of the worldwide productive reorganization and of the reduction of State participation in social policies. It also mirrors the manner in which Brazil inserts itself in the globalization process, in a dependent role, more as a knowledge consumer than a producer of it, thus missing the opportunity for achieving its autonomy, including in the area of professional formation. Based on the possibilities that these laws offer for curricular organization, this article defends that professional teaching in Nursing should take up a technical perspective integrated to a general education and be provided in a single space, thus reducing the risk of a minimalist, superficial training.Analyzing the politics of professional education and questioning the changes that have been introduced in the Brazilian high school system are the main objectives of this study. In general, the approved legislation expresses the interests of the neo-liberal policies, of multilateral organisms, and of the implications of the worldwide productive reorganization and of the reduction of State participation in social policies. It also mirrors the manner in which Brazil inserts itself in the globalization process, in a dependent role, more as a knowledge consumer than a producer of it, thus missing the opportunity for achieving its autonomy, including in the area of professional formation. Based on the possibilities that these laws offer for curricular organization, this article defends that professional teaching in Nursing should take up a technical perspective integrated to a general education and be provided in a single space, thus reducing the risk of a minimalist, superficial training.

Práticas educativas em saúde e a constituição de sujeitos ativos

The objective of this article is to identify the problems of contemporary educational practices in health care and their contributions to the constitution of subjectivities. This is a theoretical, reflexive study, seeking to articulate these practices within Foucaultian conceptions of safety and freedom, key elements in manufacturing an active subject. In this reflexive examination we address the interdependence of these practices with biomedicine and its proclamations in conformity with risk philosophy, as well as the capillarization of these discourses of the active subject through cultural pedagogies. Thus, we understand that these educational practices could present many configurations, among them strategies originating from safety devices, which contribute to the formation of active subjects. In this tangle of discursive elements, interlaced by innumerous dimensions, by historically-built health practices, one can no longer imagine binary power relationships, but multiple power relationships intermingled with interpellations, which delimit conducts considered healthy for this other, grounded in representations situated in particular spaces and temporalities. DESCRIPTORS: Health education. Culture. Risk. Identity. PRACTICAS EDUCATIVAS EN SALUD Y LA CONSTITUCION DE SUJETOS ACTIVOS RESUMEN: El objetivo del articulo ha sido problematizar las practicas educativas en salud y sus contribuciones para la constitucion de subjetividades. El presente es un estudio teorico-reflexivo, donde se busca cotejar las practicas con las concepciones foucaultianas sobre seguridad y libertad, elementos claves en la creacion del sujeto activo. Para realizar esa reflexion, se aborda la interdependencia de las practicas educativas en salud con la biomedicina y sus enunciados en conformidad con la filosofia del riesgo, asi como la capilaridad de esos discursos sobre el sujeto activo a traves de las pedagogias culturales. De esa forma, se entiende que esas practicas educativas pueden presentar varias configuraciones, entre ellas, estrategias provenientes de los dispositivos de seguridad, que contribuyen para la formacion de sujetos activos. En ese enmaranado de elementos discursivos, entrelazados por innumerables dimensiones, por practicas de salud construidas historicamente, no se puede mas imaginar relaciones de poder polarizadas sino, multiples relaciones de poder intercaladas por interpelaciones que delimitan conductas consideradas saludables para ese otro, fundamentadas en representaciones situadas en espacios y temporalidades particulares. DESCRIPTORES: Educacion para la salud. Cultura. Riesgo. Identidad.The objective of this article is to identify the problems of contemporary educational practices in health care and their contributions to the constitution of subjectivities. This is a theoretical, reflexive study, seeking to articulate these practices within Foucaultian conceptions of safety and freedom, key elements in manufacturing an active subject. In this reflexive examination we address the interdependence of these practices with biomedicine and its proclamations in conformity with risk philosophy, as well as the capillarization of these discourses of the active subject through cultural pedagogies. Thus, we understand that these educational practices could present many configurations, among them strategies originating from safety devices, which contribute to the formation of active subjects. In this tangle of discursive elements, interlaced by innumerous dimensions, by historically-built health practices, one can no longer imagine binary power relationships, but multiple power relationships intermingled with interpellations, which delimit conducts considered healthy for this other, grounded in representations situated in particular spaces and temporalities. DESCRIPTORS: Health education. Culture. Risk. Identity.

Pesquisa em enfermagem no Brasil: problematizando a produção de conhecimentos

This research analyses aspects from articles published over the last five years, in three nation-wide periodicals divulging the most part of Nursing knowledge produced; it identifies priviledged and silenced points, raising problems around the main issues in knowledge creation. We worked on 811 abstracts and their footnotes. Data were approached and organized in tables. Most researches are in the assistance area: themes around hospital subjects, such as child health, and some others not concerning the hospital field, such as womens health, HIV/AIDS, and Psychiatry and Mental Health Nursing; production is usually made by doctors and Postgraduate students, as public universities are the main locus for scientific production to receive financial support from Federal governmental organs.Esta pesquisa analisa aspectos de artigos publicados nos ultimos cinco anos, em tres periodicos de circulacao nacional divulgadores de grande parte da producao de conhecimentos na enfermagem; identifica focos privilegiados e silenciados, problematizando questoes centrais na producao de conhecimentos. Trabalhou-se com 811 resumos e suas respectivas notas de rodape. Os dados foram tratados e organizados em tabelas. Ha predominância de pesquisas voltadas para a area de assistencia; temas concentrados no espaco hospitalar como saude da crianca e outros no espaco nao hospitalar como saude da mulher, HIV/AIDS e enfermagem psiquiatrica e saude mental; a producao e desenvolvida geralmente por doutores e pos-graduandos, sendo as universidades publicas os principais locus de producao com apoio dos orgaos federais no financiamento das mesmas.

Significados e sentidos de saúde socializados por artefatos culturais: leituras das imagens de advertência nos maços de cigarro

This article analyzes the images publicized on cigarettes packs that are part of the strategies from the Ministry of Health to combat the tabagism and available from the Cancer National Institute. These images bring the official speech of specialists and build narratives, understood such as truths, based on scientific knowledge. We have supported our thesis on theoretical referential of Cultural Studies, since its reflections help to understand that the subjectiveness is social and culturally built by different speeches and devices. We do not deny what is represented, but we establish dialogues with other possibilities of readings that can be present at these devices.We understand the propagated images as cultural pedagogies that behave as texts to be read, building up representations that can be assumed as true effect, and attributes to the citizen the necessity of constant control of its action. Reassuring the biomedicine and the health institutions, an onedimensional vision is propagated disregarding the complexity of this problem. We understand that the cultural pedagogies are part of competition territories, where the directions and meanings can be re-prepared producing hybrid identities that build up its own identity origins over this tangle of power relations.

Perspectivas interdisciplinar e rizomática na formação dos profissionais da saúde

This purpose of this article is to problemize aspects of the interdisciplinary and rhizomatic in the formation of professionals from the health area. Both attitudes require plural looks and other postures from the educators in the relationships that they establish with the subjects and with the knowledge, seeking to overcome fragmented manners of the labor processors and the production of science, recovering the dialectic character of the social reality. The challenges posed by these perspectives invite all the educators ethically involved in this to reflect on the inclusion of themes and dimensions that pass transversally by professional formation process and the production of knowledge, moving territories, comprehensions and subjectivities, which can enable innovative and polysemic interpretations, very desirable to deal with the complexity of reality, also in the health area.

Idosos hipertensos na atenção básica em saúde: discursos e identidades

The aim was to know and understand how subjects recognize themselves in the position of older men and women, how they perceive themselves with hypertension and high blood pressure, and how they experience the anti-hypertensive treatment. It is a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory research approach, performed in family health units, in Dourados. The theoretical framework of analysis was the Cultural Studies. We interviewed ten elderly hypertensive patients, two men and eight women, aged 60-88 years, five widows, and all with elementary education. The processes are linked to gender identity, marital status and relationship with the generations. Aging seems to be realized when they are not productive. Hypertension treatment and due process are interspersed in the subjectivity of the elderly, and drug use for some seems to be incorporated into everyday life, but others reported aversion. Thus, the contemporary meanings of old age belong to a unique period and are members of larger historical processes and complex.

As contribuições do Serviço Especial de Saúde Pública para a formação profissional da Enfermagem no Brasil (1942-1960)

O objetivo desse estudo foi conhecer e compreender as estrategias do Servico Especial de Saude Publica (SESP) para expandir a formacao de profissionais da Enfermagem em nivel superior e tecnico no Brasil, entre 1942 a 1960. Utilizamos como fontes historicas a Revista do SESP e o Boletim do SESP, incluindo os numeros publicados a partir de 1944. A atuacao do SESP junto a processos de formacao de profissionais em Enfermagem, caracterizou-se pelo uso de varias estrategias como a concessao de bolsas ou o apoio financeiro e tecnico para a implantacao de escolas de Enfermagem no Brasil. Assim, as acoes sespianas convergiram para a ascensao de um novo ethos da Enfermagem, nao apenas na zona rural, como tambem, a Enfermagem hospitalar.The aim of this study was to know and comprehend the strategies of the Serviço Especial de Saúde Pública (SESP) to expand associate and higher nursing education in Brazil, between 1942 to 1960. We use as historical sources Revista do SESP and Boletim do SESP published since 1944. The performance of SESP close to processes of human resources formation in nursing was it characterized by the use of several strategies as the concession of fellowships or financial and technical support for the implantation of nursing schools in Brazil. Like this, the actions of SESP converged for the ascension of a new way of nursing, not just in the rural zone, as well as, the hospital nursing.

Projeto larga escala: uma análise a partir da bibliografia existente

Resumen This work consisted of discussing the academic production referring to the Project on a Large Scale – PLS. It is part of a bigger project which motivated the rebuilding and comprehension of the history of this pedagogical experience. We adopted, for bibliography, data basis that allowed access to thesis, dissertations and periodicals. The results were presented in a descriptive way, according to a set containing the existing production. It is possible to see, with this first approach, the small number of investigations done and the lack of knowledge on the PLS results on a local or regional scale. According to this, the study allowed us to conclude that the project was little investigated, considering that it was developed through all the country in a relatively long period.Este trabajo consistio en mapear y discutir la produccion academica con respecto a Proyecto Escala Larga. El esta inserido en un proyecto mas completo que planeo reconstruir y entender la historia de esta experiencia pedagogica. Adoptamos para el torno bibliografico, bases de los hechos que permitio el acceso a teorias, disertaciones y periodicos. Los resultados fueron presentados de forma descriptiva, segun un conjunto que engloba la produccion existente. Podemos ver, con que se acerca primero, el pequeno numero de investigaciones realizadas y la falta de familiaridad de los resultados del Proyecto Escala Larga en alcances regionales y locales. De esta manera, este estudio nos permitio verificar que el proyecto fue poco investigado, acerca de que su desarrollo ocurrio en todo el pais durante un periodo de tiempo relativamente largo.