Mete Yanar

Physical, chemical and organoleptic properties of ram lamb carcasses from four fat-tailed genotypes.

Physical, chemical and organoleptic characteristics of 20 ram lambs representing four fat-tailed genotypes Awassi, Red Karaman, Tushin and AwassixTushin were compared. After slaughter, carcasses were chilled at 5 degrees C for 24h, graded and evaluated. Then, the carcasses were dissected into wholesale cuts and longissimus dorsi (LD) and semimembranosus (SM) muscles were excised. The muscles were subjected to moisture, protein, fat and ash analyses and they were cooked to evaluate palatability. Cold carcass weight of RK and AxT lambs were heavier (P<0.01) than those of A and T lambs. AxT crossbreds had higher (P<0.05) cold dressing percentage and larger LD area than T lambs. However, the influence of genotype on the proportion of boneless retail cuts and marbling were not significant. Most of the proportions of wholesale cuts except for sirloin and flank were not affected by the genotype. The sensory panel found the meat from all genotypes acceptable (tenderness, juiciness, flavor and acceptability). Chemical composition of meat from the different genotype was not significantly different. The study reveals generally insignificant differences in chemical, physical and organoleptic properties between fat-tailed lambs with different genetic backgrounds.

Fattening performance, carcass traits and meat quality characteristics of calves sired by Charolais, Simmental and Eastern Anatolian Red sires mated to Eastern Anatolian Red dams

Comparisons were made among calves sired by Charolais (C), Simmental (S) and Eastern Anatolian Red (EAR) breeds of bulls for fattening, carcass and meat quality traits when mated to EAR dams. C- and S-sired calves had 43.1% and 36.4% higher daily weight gain, 44.5% and 43.9% heavier final weight in fattening, respectively. Calves produced by C sires had best feed efficiency value (6.51 vs. 7.44 and 7.22) compared to the S and EAR sire breed groups. Carcasses of C- and S-sired calves had heavier weight, higher dressing percentage and greater Longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle area than those of EAR-sired calves. USDA yield grades were lower (P<0.01) for carcasses from C and S sires, and highest for carcasses from EAR calves. C-sired calves received higher (P<0.01) ratings for panel tenderness score, lower shear force value and number of chews before swallow than S- and EAR-sired progeny. Overall results of the study suggested that fattening performance, carcass and meat quality characteristics might be considerably improved by using C sires in the crossbreeding program as sire breed.

In situ dry matter and crude protein degradation kinetics of some forages in Eastern Turkey

Eight forages (dry grass hay, alfalfa, bromegrass, sainfoin, common vetch, oatgrass, wheat straw and barley straw) used for sheep nutrition in Eastern Turkey were evaluated for ruminal DM and CP degradation kinetics. Duplicate bags containing 3 g ground forages were incubated in the rumen of three ruminally cannulated Red Karaman rams for 4, 8, 16, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. Rate and extent of ruminal digestion were estimated. Significant effects of forage species were observed in rapidly soluble and potentially degradable fractions, and degradation rates of DM and CP. The rapidly soluble DM and CP fractions were 17.4 and 30.3% for barley straw, 24.7 and 38.4% for wheat straw, 26.5 and 63.6% for oat grass, 29.0 and 29.7% for brome grass, 27.0 and 35.3% for alfalfa, 38.5 and 42.7% for sainfoin, 29.2 and 39.7% for common vetch, 28.0 and 31.0% for dry grass hay, respectively. The potentially degradable DM and CP fractions, respectively, were 49.7 and 26.5% for barley straw, 43.4 and 25.5% for wheat straw, 48.1 and 21.2% for oat grass, 46.8 and 49.6% for brome grass, 40.4 and 52.7% for alfalfa, 43.4 and 45.9% for sainfoin, 49.2 and 55.0% for common vetch, 55.4 and 50.0% for dry grass hay. The effective degradability (ED) of DM and CP were different (P<0.01) between forage types.

Combination of Fan Ventilation System and Spraying of Oil-Water Mixture on the Levels of Dust and Gases in Caged Layer Facilities in Eastern Turkey

Abstract Kocaman, B., Yaganoglu, A.V. and Yanar, M. 2005. Combination of fan ventilation system and spraying of oil-water mixture on the levels of dust and gases in caged layer facilities in Eastern Turkey. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 27: 109–111. To reduce harmful gases such as CO2, NH3 and H2S and dust in caged layer houses in Eastern Turkey, spraying of sunflower oil-water mixture and fan Uentilation were investigated. It is demonstrated that these treatments together may improve air of the caged layer houses.

Factors Influencing the Shape of Lactation Curve and Persistency of Holstein Friesian Cows in High Altitude of Eastern Turkey

Abstract Güler, O. and Yanar, M. 2009. Factors influencing the shape of lactation curve and persistency of Holstein Friesian cows in high altitude of Eastern Turkey. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 35: 39–44. Data on 371 lactation records pertaining to Holstein Friesian cows reared in high altitude and harsh climatic conditions of Eastern Turkey were analyzed to study the effects of different non-genetic factors on the shape of lactation curve and persistency measures. Calving season affected significantly (P<0.01) a, b, c as well as Tomax, PII/PI and CV from measures of persistency, while days in milk (DIM) at peak yield, peak yield (Ymax) and S were not influenced by calving season. Calving year also affected (P<0.05) DIM at peak yield and a, b, c, S, PII/PI and CV (P<0.01). The significant and positive phenotypic correlation of peak yield with 305 DIM yield suggested that Ymax could be used as a selection criterion to improve milk yield of Holstein Friesian cows reared in high altitude of Eastern Turkey.

Effect of Days on Feed on the Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Eastern Anatolian Red Young Bulls

Abstract Ünlü, N., Yanar, M., Esenbuga, N., Özl ütürk, A., Yüksel, S. and Macit, M. 2008. Effect of days on feed on the performance and carcass characteristics of Eastern Anatolian Red young bulls. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 34: 163–168. Thirty two native Eastern Anatolian Red (EAR) young bulls (10 mo) were fed to study the effect of days on feed (168, 210 or 270 d) on performance. With increasing age, rate of weight gain decreased but dressing per cent increased with decrease in non—carcass components. Almost all body fats and marbling score increased with longer feeding period. Meat from longer fed animals was rated higher for flavour intensity and tenderness score, which observation was substantiated by a decrease in Warner Bratzler Shear Value and number of chews before swallow. It was concluded that the native EAR cattle at 10 months of age should be fed intensively for a minimum of 270 d in order to get a large carcass without compromising meat quality.

Relationships among Richards Growth Curve Parameters, Reproductive and Milk Production Traits in Brown Swiss Cattle

Abstract Bayram, B., Yanar, M. and Akbulut, Ö. 2004. Relationships among Richards growth curve parameters, reproductive and milk production traits in Brown Swiss cattle. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 26: 29–32. Weight-age data from 207 Brown Swiss cows from birth to 72 months of age located in the eastern region of Turkey were fitted to Richards function to determine the relationship between growth curve parameters and reproduction as well as milk production traits. Parameter estimates from Richards growth model were perfectly correlated to each other. Additionally, mature weight (A) estimated from Richards function was significantly related with body weight at first calving (r=0.301), first calving age (r =0.171) and birth weight of calves (r-0.348). Maturation rate (k) was also significantly associated with first calving age (r=0.358) and calving interval (r=0.202). However, parameters of Richards growth model were not significantly correlated with milk production characteristics. There was only a positive phenotypic correlation (r=0.249) between A value and lactation length.

Growth performance, health and behavioural characteristics of Brown Swiss calves fed a limited amount of acidified whole milk

Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare performances of 27 Brown Swiss calves (13 male, 14 female) fed acidified whole milk (AM) or sweet whole milk (SM) at 8% of birth weight during 35 days. Daily body weight gains of calves that consumed AM were similar to those for calves fed SM. Overall feed efficiency ratio of AM-fed calves was also similar to those of SM-fed calves. Calf faecal consistency score and percent days with scours (P<0.01) of calves that consumed AM were significantly lower than those offered SM. Some of the behavioural traits such as frequency of daily meals of milk and total time spent consuming milk of calves consuming AM were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of calves fed SM. On the other hand, number of days that assistance was needed to drink milk from open pail for AM-fed calves was higher (P<0.01) than that of calves that consumed SM. The results obtained in this study suggested that feeding AM decreased incidence of scours in young Brown Swiss calves without decreasing growth and feed efficiency.

Growth Performance of Brown Swiss Calves Fed Early and Late Cut Hay from Meadow Fertilized by Two Levels of N and P2 O5

Abstract Comakli, B., Yanar, M., Tuzemen, N., Tan, M., Turgut, L. and Mentese, Ö. 2005. Growth performance of Brown Swiss, calves fed early and late cut hay from meadow fertilized by two levels of N and P2 O5. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 27: 35–38. To determine effects of rations mainly formed by early or late-bloom cut hay from meadows fertilized by N and P2 O5 or not fertilized, on the growth performance, 20 female Brown Swiss calves (6–12 m) were fed for 129 days. Average daily weight gain, feed per unit weight gain and total intake of meadow hay were better for hay from meadows fertilized with N and P2 O5 as compared to hay from not fertilized meadow. Similarly these parameters were better for calves fed early bloom hay than for calves fed late bloom hay. Application of N and P2 O5 fertilizers and early cutting stage for meadow hay is suggested for providing better growth performance and feed efficiency traits of the Brown Swiss calves.

Erzurum İli Narman İlçesi Sığır Yetiştiricilerinin Sığır Besleme Tercihleri

Bu arastirma, sigir yetistiricilerinin sigir besleme ve yemleme aliskanliklarini ortaya koymak amaciyla Erzurum Ili Narman Ilcesi’nde yapilmistir. Bu amacla Narman ilce ve koylerinde 208 isletme sahibiyle anket calismasi yapilarak veriler elde edilmistir. Arastirmada elde edilen bulgulara gore yetistiricilerin % 80.8’inin yem bitkisi uretimi yaptigi saptanmistir. Bu isletmelerde cogunlukla yonca (% 61.5) ve arpa (% 60.1) uretimi yapildigi belirlenmistir. Ancak onemli kaba yem kaynagi olan silajlik misir uretimi dusuk duzeyde (% 7.7) yapilmaktadir. Mera kullanim orani % 96.2 olup genellikle Mayis (% 47.5) veya Haziran (% 37) aylarinda meraya cikis gerceklesmektedir. Meradan yararlanma sureleri ise 3 ay (% 31) veya 4 ay (% 68) olarak belirlenmistir. Isletmelerin % 41’inin yaylaya cikma imkâni oldugu, Mayis-Haziran aylarinda yaylalara ciktiklari ve cogunlukla 4 ay (% 43) kaldiklari tespit edilmistir. Isletmelerde kullanilan kaba yem kaynaklarinda bugday-arpa samani (% 27) ilk sirayi alir iken bunu kuru yonca (% 21) ve kuru cayir otu (%16) takip etmektedir. Silaj ise dusuk duzeyde (% 7) kullanilmaktadir. Isletmelerde kesif yem olarak genellikle arpa kirmasi (% 34), besi yemi (% 23) ve sut yemi (% 22) kullanilmaktadir. Ilcede meranin islah edilerek, aktif kullanimi, yem bitkileri uretimi ve ozellikle misir silaji uretiminin arttirilmasi gerekli gorulmektedir. Ayrica tarimsal yayim hizmetlerinin kirsal alanlarda yogunlastirilmasi yetistiriciler icin faydali olacaktir.