Mohamed Chaffai

Technological and Environmental Differences in the European Banking Industries

This paper analyzes the productive differences of banking among countries. It proposes a Malmquist type index that allows intercountry productivity differences to be broken down into pure technological differences and differences due to environmental effects. The most relevant feature of this index is its symmetry, since it avoids the problem of measurements being sensitive to the choice of the benchmark country. This index is used to explain the productivity gaps of banking industries across four major countries in Europe as well as the productivity gains that banks could obtain using alternative technologies or with different environments. An output distance function is defined and the stochastic frontier approach used to carry out the comparison.

Textile Manufacturing in Eight Developing Countries: Does Business Environment Matter for Firm Technical Efficiency?

Abstract Production frontiers with technical inefficiency determinants are estimated using stochastic models for textile manufacturing in eight developing countries encompassing about 800 firms. Inefficiency determinants are considered either on an individual basis, or in the form of composite indicators reflecting in-house or managerial factors and various dimensions of the external environment. Although each of these two categories of factors is statistically significant, the former proves more influential in the explanation of the difference in efficiency between firms. Simulations are then proposed to assess the efficiency levels that would occur if firms had the opportunity to produce in the most favourable productive environments.

TFP in Tunisian Manufacturing Sectors: Convergence or Catch-Up with OECD Members?

Total Factor Productivity (TFP) is analyzed for six Tunisian manufacturing sectors: food processing, electrical and metal products, chemical activities, textiles, clothing and leather, building materials and ceramics, miscellaneous products. First, sector-based TFP are calculated over a long period (1983–2002) as well as some sub-periods reflecting changes of local economic policy. Then, using an accounting framework, we decompose the industrial productivity into a reallocation effect (i.e., variation in the relative distribution of sectoral value added), and a pure productivity effect (i.e., the sectoral value-added shares being constant). Secondly, through panel data unit root tests, TFP long-term convergence with or without catch-up is examined with respect to the productive performance of OECD members. Each of the six Tunisian manufacturing sectors is benchmarked by the productive performance of OECD members. The Dickey–Fuller type test that we use allows us to take into account the potential correlation across OECD countries. The empirical analysis highlights two main findings. TFP convergence and catch-up have generally been a joint process. Moreover, the sectors where catch-up occurred were those with the best productive performance and those that succeeded in reducing the productivity gap with regard to the best OECD performers.

Some Recent Developments on the Measurement of the Productive Performance: Application to the Moroccan Garment Sector

Over the last two decades, methodological developments on the parametric measurement of firms? productive performance have referred to two analytical approaches: the average production function and the production frontier. Each of these methods has its own benefits and limitations, either for econometric estimation or the interpretation of regression results. The methodological section of the paper is extended by an empirical application to the case of 324 Moroccan firms in the garment sector, which we follow over a three-year period (2000-2002). JEL Classification: D02, D03, D04, D22, D24.