Muzalifah Mohd Said

Feature Extraction on Medical Image Using 2D Gabor Filter

Mammography is a specific type of imaging that produces an X-ray picture of the human breast. Detection of tumors at an early stage is important step in diagnosis of the abnormalities in mammograms. In many of the cases, preprocessing process of the raw image involving of enhancement, filtering and determination of textural features have been necessary for successful implementation of this study. Raw image is applied histogram equalization method in order to enhance the image intensity. Thus, the noise of that image is eliminated using Gaussian filtering method. Gabor wavelet based algorithm such Gabor filter is used to extract the feature of that images.

Design and fabrication of PCB based planar micro-coil for magnetic MEMS actuator

This paper describes the design and fabrication of planar micro-coil on printed-circuit board (PCB)for magnetic MEMS actuator. A simple and cost effective technique for the fabrication of planar micro-coil is presented. The design and analysis process have been carried out by using COMSOL Multiphysics 4.2. Three different coil dimensions such as width/space= 150μm/100μm; 100μm/100μm and 50μm/100μm, have been analyzed in order to find the optimum coil geometry. The results showed that the coil with dimension of width/space of 50μm/100μm produced the highest magnetic flux density of max 0.0068 T. The optimized design of the planar micro-coil can be used as a reference for the future fabrication of magnetic MEMS actuator.

Synthesization of nickel nanoparticles embedded in SU8 polymer for electromagnetic actuator membrane

A study of synthesization and magnetic properties of cured polymer composite on nickel (Ni) as an actuator membrane is prepared in this work. SU8 3050 polymer is used to mix with magnetic nanoparticles Ni to produce a hybrid material. The mixing process are done by using mechanical stirrer, ultrasonication and manually hand stirring. In this work an easy sol-gel method is selected to embed magnetic particles into the polymer matrix. Characterization of particle distribution is observed by metallurgical microscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM). It is observed that the spreading of Ni particles inside the polymer chain are constant without clustering effects. Magnetization curves of each sample are traced at room temperature using vibration sample magnetometer (VSM). A good compromising magnetic properties with patternable high aspect ratio structures have been successfully fabricated using a standard MEMS process.

Design and optimization of magnetic particles embedded in PDMS membrane

A design and optimization of the magnetic particles embedded inside a flexible membrane and factors contributing to the membrane performance have been studied. In this work, Nickel (Ni) is used as magnetic particles and Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is used for membrane material which is considered a matrix component of the flexible membrane. Ni particles with various particle sizes, arrangement and spaces between Ni particles are simulated by using Comsol Multiphysics 4.2. As a result, the optimum design of magnetic particles embedded in membrane for large deflection is by having circular shape membrane with low density of tiny magnetic particles in planar distribution. A preliminary simulation result has been also compared with the theoretical calculation to validate the analysis.

Low Cost Electro-Deposition of Cuprous Oxide P-N Homo-Junction Solar Cell

Most of the photovoltaic industry uses wafer of single-crystal and poly-crystal silicon as a material of their photovoltaic (PV) modules. However, the cost of these modules is high due to the material and processing cost. Cuprous oxides (Cu2O) have several features that suitable for future photovoltaic applications. Cu2O can be prepared with simple methods at very low cost. Cu2O p-n homojunction solar cell is a device that converts sunlight to electrical energy, consists of two similar materials for its p-n junction, which is Cu2O. The p-type and n-type of Cu2O thin films are then fabricated to produce solar cells. Other layers aluminium and glass substrate coated with indium tin oxide (ITO) need to be added as a contact for electrons movement. In this study, p-type Cu2O, n-type Cu2O and p-n junction are prepared in order to become accustomed for solar cell applications. To achieve the optimum deposition conditions, p-n junction solar cell is prepared by two-steps electrochemical deposition process. The result from x-ray diffraction (XRD) shows that the peak is dominated by CuO (1, 1, 1). P-n junction is in between the p-type and n-type of Cu2O layer. Al has the thickness of 427.5nm. The second and the third layer are p and n type of Cu2O, which have the thickness of 106.9nm and 92.3nm, respectively. Finally the thickness of ITO layer is 131.1nm.An absorption experiment at AM1 light is performed in order to get the I-V curves, and in fact, to study the electrical solar cells p-n homojunction. Based on I-V curve test, the level of energy conversion of cell is 0.00141% with fill factor, FF 0.94813 which proved that Cu2O p-n homojunction solar cell can be fabricated and produced at very low cost and well function.

NMOS Performance of Low Boron Activation on Group V for Ultra-Shallow Junction Formation

Fabrication of ultra shallow junctions with low contact resistances is desired to advance current CMOS technology. The low Boron activation on Group V for ultra shallow junction formation will makes the chip fabrication works effectively. SilvacoTCAD (Technology Computer Aided Design) manages simulation tasks and analyzing simulation results when ultra-shallow junction formation is using low-boron activation on Phosphorus, Antimony and Arsenic.A stimulate process like implantation, diffusion and dopant activation and epitaxial growth in different semiconductor materials has been analyzed as well as investigate the effects of energy of boron ion beams on ultra shallow junction formation.As a result, the electrical characteristics of NMOS structure by obtaining graph of ID VGS and ID VDShas been studied when there are variations in junction length (Xj), and gatelength (Lg).

Structural and morphology of zinc sulphide thin films on various temperature

This study were focused on nanocrystalline structure and morphology on zinc sulphide thin film in four different temperature which are at 250 °C, 300 °C, 350 °C and 400 °C. Sol-gel technique is used to produce the thin films on quartz slide. The reaction of chemical obtained was a colloidal and transparent solution. There are EDX, SEM and XRD experiment were used to characterize the sample in each thin film. EDX analysis confirmed that the thin film consist of element zinc and sulphur. In SEM shows the film are thicker and have bigger grains size when the film annealed at 400 °C compared to temperature of 250 °C with the grain size between 26.8–60.3 nm and 22.3–29.0 nm respectively. The thicknesses of the film are 93.79 nm, 107.2 nm, 119.1 nm and 127.3 nm from temperature of 250 °C to 400 °C respectively. XRD shows development of well-crystallized film with pure wurtzite structure after annealing. XRD spectrum indicates that the films are amorphous and have cubic zinc blend structure.

The Design, Fabrication, and Testing of an Electromagnetic Micropump with a Matrix-Patterned Magnetic Polymer Composite Actuator Membrane

A valveless electromagnetic (EM) micropump with a matrix-patterned magnetic polymer composite actuator membrane structure was successfully designed and fabricated. The composite membrane structure is made of polydemethylsiloxane (PDMS) that is mixed with magnetic particles and patterned in matrix blocks. The matrix magnetic composite membrane was fabricated using a soft lithography process and expected to have a compact structure having sufficient magnetic force for membrane deformation and maintained membrane flexibility. The magnetic membrane was integrated with the microfluidic system and functionally tested. The experimental results show that a magnetic composite actuator membrane containing of 6% NdFeB is capable of producing a maximum membrane deflection up to 12.87 µm. The functionality test of the EM actuator for fluid pumping resulted in an extremely low sample injection flow rate of approximately 6.523 nL/min. It was also concluded that there is a correlation between the matrix structure of the actuator membrane and the fluid pumping flow rate. The injection flow rate of the EM micropump can be controlled by adjusting the input power supplied to the EM coil, and this is believed to improve the injection accuracy of the drug dosage and have potential in improving the proficiency of the existing drug delivery system.

Synthesis and characterization of neodymium and nickel particles in polymer base actuator

A study of synthesization and magnetic properties of cured polymer composite on nickel (Ni) and neodymium (NdFeB) as an actuator membrane to build a micropump for biotechnology instrumentation is prepared in this work. A soft polymeric material such as polydemethilsiloxane (PDMS) and SU8 3050 are used to be mixed with magnetic nanoparticles Ni and NdFeB to produce a composite material. The mixing process is done by using mechanical stirrer with the speed of 1000rpm. In this work, an easy sol-gel method is selected to embed magnetic particles into the polymer matrix. Characterization of particle distribution is observed by metallurgical microscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM). It is observed that the spreading of magnetic particles inside the polymer chain are constant without clustering effects. Magnetization curves of each sample are traced at room temperature using vibration sample magnetometer (VSM). Good compromising magnetic properties with patternable high aspect ratio structures have been successfully fabricated using a standard MEMS process for an actuator micropump in biomedical application.

NMOS Low Boron Activation in Pre-Amorphise Silicon

The high demand of smaller and compact size of MOSFETs has leads to desirable for ultra shallow junction formation with low sheet resistance and good electrical performances. These two characteristics are required to suppress short channel effects and to increase the efficiency of device. In this paper, Pre-amorphise implantation (PAI) PMOS with different doses of Boron and the basic PMOS structure are done by using ATHENA and the performance of devices is compared by using ATLAS software package from Silvaco TCAD. Comparison done in electrical characteristic, I-V curve Ion and Ioff has showed PMOS with PAI technology with low boron doses resulted in increasing electrical performance characteristic.