Patrícia Cia

Vaporização de ácido acético para o controle pós-colheita de botrytis cinerea em uva 'Itália'

ABSTRACT – Two in vivo trials were carried out in order to evaluate the effect of acetic acid vapor (AA) as an alternative for postharvest control of gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) in ‘Italia’ grapes. The direct and indirect effect of AA over treated bunches before and after pathogen inoculation was evaluated. In trial 1, grape bunches were inoculated and after 4 h submitted to AA vapors (0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 mL) in hermetic chambers (200 L), at 25±1 oC / 70-80 % RH, for 30 min. In trial 2, grape bunches were vaporized or not with AA (1 mL 100 L -1 ) and after 24, 48, 72 or 96 h, inoculated with B. cinerea. For inoculation, in each bunch (10 per treatment) 10 berries were injured with a ±2 mm deep puncture and sprayed with a spore suspension (±10 5 conidia mL -1 ). After treatments, bunches were stored at 25±1 oC / 80-90 % RH and daily evaluated regarding rot incidence and severity. The in vitro effect of AA vapor on pathogen control was evaluated in order to verify if this agent would directly affect mycelia growth and B. cinerea conidia germination. In the in vivo trials, AA vapor control B. cinerea rot in ‘Italia’ grape in bunches inoculated before and after treatment with AA. Grapes inoculated 48 h after treatment with AA showed the lowest disease incidence index. In vitro AA has a direct effect on mycelia growth and conidia germination of B. cinerea.Index terms: Vitis vinifera L., gray mold, alternative control.

Chitosan and fungicides on postharvest control of Guignardia citricarpa and on quality of 'Pêra Rio' oranges

ABSTRACT Citrus fruits are affected by the black spot disease caused bythe fungus Guignardia citricarpa . Chitosan can be used as coveringfor fruits and may delay the ripening process and inhibit the growthof some fungi. Thus, the control of citrus black spot using chitosanand the fungicides thiabendazole and imazalil was assessed inaddition to the physicochemical quality of ‘Pera Rio’ oranges.The oranges were immersed into chitosan, thiabendazole orimazalil, and in chitosan mixed with both fungicides. The fruitswere then stored at 25 °C, 80% RH, for 7 days and, after this Rappussi, M.C.C.; Benato, E.A.; Cia, P. & Pascholati, S.F. Chitosan and fungicides on postharvest control of Guignardia citricarpa and onquality of ‘Pera Rio’ oranges. Summa Phytopathologica, v.37, n.3, p.142-144, 2011. storage period, subjected to physicochemical analyses. Chitosanin association with the fungicides reduced black spot in ‘Pera Rio’oranges and delayed the change in the orange skin colour fromgreen to yellow during the postharvest storage. Total soluble solids,titratable acidity, pH, ascorbic acid content and ratio were notinfluenced by the treatments. Thus, chitosan applied with thefungicides thiabendazole and imazalil showed potential to controlthe development of black spot lesions on ‘Pera Rio’ oranges duringthe postharvest period.

Climate trends in a non-traditional high quality wine producing region

The global warming may put pressure over some world’s highest quality wine producing regions. This fact indicates the need to evaluate the presence of climate change in non-traditional wine producing regions of the Globe. Therefore, the goals of this study were to detect trends in rainfall and air temperature series obtained from three locations of the eastern part of the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil (a non-traditional high quality wine producing region) and to evaluate the effect of the detected climate trends on agrometeorological indices frequently used to indicate suitable areas for wine production. The trend analyses were applied to maximum and minimum air temperature series, rainfall series and to the following agrometeorological parameters: heliothermal index, cool night index and growing degree-days. These three indices were selected due to their previous use in studies that address the effect of regional climate conditions on the general wine style. The analyses took into account the grape phenological aspects for both summer and winter growing seasons. The results found in this study support the hypothesis of the presence of climate trends in the wine producing regions of the eastern part of the State of Sao Paulo-Brazil. These trends are mostly linked to changes in the minimum air temperature. The results also reveal a shortening in the duration of grapevines phenological phases and a change to warmer conditions during the ripening Months. These changes are consistent with the climate changes observed in other wine producing regions of the world and may negatively affect the wine production of the eastern part of the State of Sao Paulo.

Quitosana no controle pós-colheita da podridão mole em caqui 'rama forte'

ABSTRACT CHITOSAN ON THE POSTHARVEST CONTROL OF SOFT ROT IN ‘RAMA FORTE’ PERSIMMONThe objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of chitosan in addition to de-astringency process on the control of Rhizopus stolonifer in ‘Rama Forte’ persimmon and on in vitro mycelial growth. Persimmon were submitted to de-astringency process using CO 2 (70% / 18 h), in hermetic chambers. Next, fruit were inoculated through subcuticular injections of a R. stolonifer spore suspension (3x10 5 spore mL -1 ) and 2 hours later at 25 °C immersed into chitosan (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0%), for 1 min. Fruit were stored at 25 °C / 80% RH, and checked for rot severity and incidence of soft rot, during 5-days of storage. After storage the skin color, firmness and astringency index were evaluated in persimmons. In vitro , mycelial growth was evaluated on PDA media emended with chitosan or citric acid. Chitosan 1.5% reduces severity and soft rot incidence and does not influence the astringency loss, firmness and skin color.

Avaliação da intensidade de raleio na qualidade de frutos de nespereira

A nespereira e uma frutifera de origem subtropical, porem com ampla adaptacao a regioes de clima temperado com temperaturas baixas pouco rigorosas. Possui inflorescencia que origina uma quantidade de frutos superior ao que pode suportar a arvore, produzindo elevada quantidade de frutos de baixo calibre, sendo necessario o raleio de frutos para a melhoria da qualidade. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da intensidade de raleio na qualidade de frutos de nespereira. Avaliaram-se as respostas de cinco cultivares e uma selecao de nespereira a quatro intensidades de raleio de frutos (4, 6, 8 e 10 frutos por panicula). As paniculas foram selecionadas em relacao ao tamanho (aproximadamente 1,5 cm de diâmetro) e ensacadas utilizando-se papel jornal. Todas as paniculas foram raleadas e ensacadas no mesmo dia. A colheita foi realizada quando os frutos estavam maduros, no ponto de consumo. Foram avaliados comprimento e diâmetro do fruto, massa do fruto e da semente, pH, acidez titulavel e teor de solidos soluveis. Conclui-se que a melhor qualidade de frutos pode ser obtida quando as paniculas sao raleadas com intensidades de 4 frutos, os quais resultam em maior comprimento, diâmetro e massa. As variaveis massa da semente, pH, acidez titulavel e solidos soluveis nao foram afetadas pela intensidade de raleio.

Ethanol on the postharvest control of anthracnose in ‘Kumagai’ guava

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ethanol on the control of Colletotrichum spp. in ‘Kumagai’ guava and on the fruit physical-chemical attributes. For this purpose, three assays were carried out. For the first assay, fruit were exposed to ethanol vapor (0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 mL·kg-1), applied in hermetic containers. On the second, ethanol was applied by immersion for 2 minutes in different concentrations (20, 30, 40, and 50%). On the last assay, fruit were immersed in 30, 40, and 50% ethanol for 2, 5, and 10 minutes. Fruit that were not exposed to volatile (first assay) or water treated (second and third assay) were used as control. In all assays, guavas were first inoculated with a conidial suspension of Colletotrichum spp. and after 2 hours, fruit were subject to ethanol. Fruit were stored at 25 °C / 80% RH for 8 days and assessed for incidence, rot severity and physical-chemical properties. Conidial germination POST HARVEST TECHNOLOGY Article Ethanol on the postharvest control of anthracnose in ‘Kumagai’ guava Francine Scolfaro Ponzo1, Eliane Aparecida Benato2, Barbara Marçon Pereira da Silva3, Patrícia Cia4* 1.Faculdade de Ensino Superior Santa Bárbara Engenharia Agronômica Tatuí (SP), Brazil. 2.Instituto Agronômico Centro de Ecofisiologia e Biofísica Campinas (SP), Brazil. 3.Instituto Agronômico Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agricultura Tropical e Subtropical Campinas (SP), Brazil. 4.Instituto Agronômico Centro de Engenharia e Automação Jundiaí (SP), Brazil. *Corresponding author: pcia@iac.sp.gov.br Received: Nov. 21, 2016 – Accepted: Apr. 10, 2017 and mycelial growth of Colletotrichum spp. were evaluated on in vitro assays. It was observed that 40 and 50% of ethanol, applied by fruit immersion for 2 min, reduced incidence and anthracnose severity with no changes in the guava physical-chemical attributes, when fruit were stored at 25 °C. Applied as a vapor, ethanol reduced only the incidence, but did not reduce anthracnose severity in guavas stored at 25 °C. Under cold storage, fruit treated with 40% ethanol exhibited a reduction of 19% in anthracnose severity. In vitro, ethanol vapor at 70 and 140 μL·L-1 inhibited Colletotrichum spp. mycelial growth rate and when incorporated in potato-dextrose-agar, ethanol (30, 40 and 50%) inhibited Colletotrichum spp. mycelial growth rate and conidial germination.

Ripening of ‘Kumagai’ guavas and anthracnose control as affected by methyl jasmonate

O metil jasmonato (MJ) e um regulador endogeno que pode influenciar o processo de amadurecimento de frutos e o sistema de defesa contra patogenos. O objetivo do trabalho foi verificar a influencia desse regulador na fisiologia pos-colheita, no controle da antracnose e nas caracteristicas fisico-quimicas de goiabas (Psidium guajava L.) ‘Kumagai’. As goiabas foram colhidas nos estadios verde e amarelo e tratadas com 0, 1 e 10 µmol∙L−1 de MJ por volatilizacao em tambores hermeticos (200 L) com circulacao de ar por 24 h. Os frutos foram inoculados com Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (105 conidios∙mL−1) 24 e 48 h apos o tratamento. Durante o amadurecimento, a 25 °C e 80 – 90% de UR, foram realizadas analises de respiracao, producao de etileno, incidencia e severidade da antracnose e analises fisicoquimicas. Os dados foram submetidos a analise de variância e as medias, comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (p ≤ 0,05 e 0,10). A aplicacao de 1 e 10 µmol∙L−1 de MJ provocou discreto aumento na respiracao, producao de etileno e amarelecimento da casca em frutos colhidos no estadio amarelo. O tratamento com 1 e 10 µmol∙L−1 de MJ nao teve efeito na reducao da severidade e na incidencia de C. gloeosporioides quando aplicado em frutos nos 2 estadios de amadurecimento e inoculados apos 24 ou 48 h do tratamento. Conclui-se que a aplicacao de 1 e 10 µmol∙L−1 de MJ teve pouca influencia no amadurecimento e nao controlou a antracnose em goiabas ‘Kumagai’.

Wet and dry storage of cut roses

Rosa sp. is the leading cut flower commercialized in Brazil and in the world; and to maintain stem quality it should be stored at 1 °C, however, there are still doubts about the storage of roses, especially whether the stems should be cold stored in water before marketing. In order to assess the feasibility of wet and dry storage, rose stems, ‘Avalanche’ were stored for 28 days in both conditions at 1 ± 2 °C / 95% RH. Weekly stems batches were transferred to 25 °C / 70% RH and kept in vessels containing tap water for postharvest assessment. It was observed that the decrease in the quality of the roses was inversely proportional to the storage time in both treatments. Although wet storage can occur for up to 21 days, when you need to store roses for a week or two, cold storage in dry condition is advised since it is more economical and viable for the producer.