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European Review of Contract Law | 2005

A New Social Contract Law for Public Services? – Consequences from Regulation of Services of General Economic Interest in the EC

Peter Rott

Abstract The legal framework for services of general interest has changed. Energy, water, telecommunications services, postal services, and railways services, are increasingly provided by private providers that operate on a more or less liberalised market. In contrast, the introduction of consumer rights in this field has only begun. At the same time, a new social contract law is emerging at EC level that guarantees access for everyone to services of general interest of high quality at affordable prices. The article analyses the contract law implications of the plans of the EC Commission for general principles and conditions for the provision of services of general interest and discusses recent sectoral EC legislation. It also explores to what extent EC law confers individual rights on consumers. Le cadre légal des services d’intérêt général a changé. l’énergie, l’eau, les télécommunications, les services postaux et les transports ferroviaires sont de plus fournis par des opérateurs privés qui interviennent dans un marché plus ou moins libéralisé. En contraste, l’introduction de droits des consommateurs dans ce champ commence tout juste. Dans le même temps, un nouveau droit des contrats social émerge au niveau de l’Union européenne qui garantit l’accès de chacun à des services d’intérêt général de qualite et abordables. L’article analyse les implications sur le droit des contrats des plans de la commission européene relatifs aux principes généraux et conditions de fourniture des services d’intérêt général et discute la récente législation sectorielle européenne. Il examine également dans quelle mesure le droit européen des contrats confère des droits individuels aux consommateurs. Die rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen für Dienstleistungen von allgemeinem Interesse haben sich geändert. Energie, Wasser, Telekommunikationsdienstleistungen sowie die Dienstleistungen von Post und Eisenbahn werden zunehmend von privaten Dienstleistern erbracht, die auf einem mehr oder weniger liberalisierten Markt operieren. Die Einführung von Verbraucherrechten in diesen Bereichen hat dagegen erst begonnen. Gleichzeitig entsteht in der EG ein neues sozialen Vertragsrecht, das jedem Zugang zu Dienstleistungen von allgemeinem Interesse von hoher Qualität zu erschwinglichen Preisen garantiert. Der Aufsatz analysiert die vertragsrechtlichen Implikationen der Pläne der Kommission der EG für allgemeine Prinzipien und Bedingungen für die Erbringung von Dienstleistungen von allgemeinem Interesse und erörtert jüngere sektorale Rechtsakte der EG in diesem Bereichen. Darüber hinaus untersucht er, inwieweit dem Verbraucher subjektive Rechte zuerkannt werden.


Archive | 2017

Behördliche Durchsetzung von Verbraucherschutz in Großbritannien, den Niederlanden und den USA

Peter Rott

In einigen Mitgliedstaaten der EU ist der behordliche Rechtsschutz fur Verbraucher seit langem etabliert. Dies gilt z.B. fur Grosbritannien und fur die Niederlande, die deshalb in diesem Beitrag in den Blick genommen werden. Eine gewachsene Tradition behordlicher Rechtsdurchsetzung haben auch die USA, die mit der Federal Trade Commission seit Jahrzehnten uber einen wichtigen Akteur im Verbraucherschutz verfugen. Die in den genannten drei Landern etablierten, aber auch zum Teil innovative Mittel behordlicher Durchsetzung von Verbraucherschutz werden in diesem Beitrag beschrieben und auf ihre Stellung und Nutzung im jeweiligen nationalen System des Verbraucherschutzes analysiert, damit auf dieser Grundlage Schlussfolgerungen auf ihre Nutzlichkeit auch fur das deutsche Recht gezogen werden konnen.


Archive | 2018

The EU Legal Framework for the Enforcement of Consumer Law

Peter Rott

The European Union (EU) is special in that it is a multi-level system in which, principally, consumer law can be adopted at the EU level but it is enforced at the level of the Member States. Nevertheless, the EU has over time developed an ever denser legal framework for the enforcement of consumer law by the Member States. It is this legal framework that this contribution focuses upon.


Archive | 2017

Marise Cremona and Hans-W. Micklitz (eds.), Private Law in the External Relations of the EU

Peter Rott

Hans-W. Micklitz has been one of the most prominent writers on EU private law in all its substantive, procedural and constitutional facets in the past decades, whilst Marise Cremona is among the leading authors on EU external relations; an area that has attracted much attention recently, with the EU Commission’s negotiations of highly controversial trade agreements, such as CETA, TTIP and TISA. With their edited volume on “Private Law in the External Relations of the EU”, Marise Cremona and Hans-W. Micklitz combine their expertise by making the bold attempt to bring these seemingly unconnected areas of law together. The book presents a number of sub-disciplines and complements them with structural themes such as the competences of the EU in concluding international agreements with effect on internal EU law.


Archive | 2016

Art. 76: The ‘Stick to the Language’ Rule

Peter Rott

Article 76 on ‘Language’ wanted to establish the ‘stick to the language’ rule for post-contractual communication. The scope of the rule would have been modest as it only applied if no legal provisions on language apply and if the parties have not entered into a language agreement. Nevertheless, the provision would have posed serious threats to consumers. The ‘stick to the language’ rule would have applied to any type of post-contractual communication including the termination of the contract and disputes about remedies. Moreover, it did not clarify the consequences of the use of the ‘wrong’ language. Therefore, it might have been interpreted so as to make declarations invalid even if the addressee understands that ‘wrong’ language. This would not only deteriorate the position of the consumer as compared to current national rules; legal uncertainty also works against the consumer generally. Thus, the ‘stick to the language’ rule needs clarification and limitation, and actual understanding of declarations must prevail over it.


Archive | 2014

The Low-Income Consumer in European Private Law

Peter Rott

The configuration of consumer law obviously depends on the underlying consumer image. Apparently, there is a strong desire to define ‘the consumer’ in a uniform manner, in order to design doctrinal solutions that suit to pay regard to his or her particularities. This article instead suggests that consumers are different, and that differences do not only stem from experience or mental capacities but that poverty is a criterion that needs to be considered when designing consumer law. It argues that, in contrast to traditional national legal orders, EU private law has made first steps towards special rules for low-income, or poor, consumers that will force national legislators and courts to abstain from overly rigid uniformity in the consumer image that they base their legislation and case law on.


Archive | 2009

Haftungsrecht im dritten Millennium - Liability in the third millennium

Aurelia Colombi Ciacchi; Christine Godt; Peter Rott; Lesley Jane Smith

Citation for pulished version (APA): Smith, L. J. (2009). Grounding Space: Liability for Commercial Space Operations. In A. U. Colombi Ciacchi, C. Godt, P. Rott, & J. Smith (Eds.), Haftungsrecht im dritten Millennium: Liber Amicorum Gert Brüggemeier; Liability in the Third Millennium . (pp. 607-628). (Schriftenreihe des Zentrums für Europäische Rechtspolitik der Universität Bremen; No. 52). Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft.


Archive | 2009

Understanding EU Consumer Law

Hans-Wolfgang Micklitz; Norbert Reich; Peter Rott


Journal of Consumer Policy | 2007

Consumers and services of general interest: Is EC consumer law the future?

Peter Rott


ZEuP : Zeitschrift für europäisches Privatrecht | 2009

THE PROPOSAL FOR A DIRECTIVE ON CONSUMER RIGHTS: NO SINGLE SET OF RULES

Peter Rott; Evelyne Terryn

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Carola Glinski

University of Copenhagen

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Hans-W. Micklitz

European University Institute

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Eberhard Feess

Frankfurt School of Finance

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