Stela Antas Urbano

Níveis de suplementação sobre as características quantitativas da carcaça e composição tecidual do pernil de caprinos mestiços terminados na caatinga

Avaliou-se o efeito da suplementacao alimentar nos niveis, 0; 0,4; 0,8 e 1,2% do peso corporal (PC), sobre as caracteristicas quantitativas da carcaca e composicao tecidual do pernil de caprinos mesticos terminados em pastagem de caatinga. Utilizaram-se 32 caprinos machos castrados, mesticos da raca Anglonubiana, com oito meses de idade e peso corporal de 18±2,5kg, distribuidos em delineamento de blocos casualizados, que foram mantidos em area de 37 hectares de pastagem de caatinga das 7h as 16h. O peso corporal sem jejum, peso corporal final, peso de carcaca quente e fria, peso de corpo vazio, rendimentos de carcaca quente e fria foram influenciados (P 0,05%) pela suplementacao, com medias, 10,17; 21,19; 16,23; 11,02; 7,30 e 34,08%, para o pescoco, paleta, costilhar, serrote, lombo e pernil, respectivamente. A composicao tecidual em peso absoluto do pernil foi influenciada (P<0,05) pela suplementacao alimentar, com incremento de, 293,59; 212,04; 28,29 e 53,82g, por unidade percentual do nivel de suplementacao, para o pernil inteiro, musculo total, gordura total e osso, respectivamente. A suplementacao alimentar eleva os parâmetros quantitativos da carcaca, associado a incrementos no tecido muscular, gordura total e ossos do pernil, recomendando-se emprego de 1,2 %PC, com vistas a melhor acabamento para comercializacao.

Carcass characteristics of sheep fed with castor bean hulls in replacement of tifton 85 hay

Castor bean hulls (CBH), co-products of castor oil extraction, are high in dry matter (DM) and fiber and are emerging as alternative roughage in sheep feed. This could reduce feed costs since other sources of roughage can be more expensive. The effects of replacing Tifton 85 hay with CBH at 0, 33, 66 and 100% in the diet of sheep on the carcass characteristics, weights and yields of retail cuts and carcass measurements were studied. Twenty-eight non-castrated sheep averaging 7 ± 1.4 months of age with an initial weight of 19.5 ± 4.3 kg were slaughtered after 70 days of confinement. There was a linear decline (P ≤ 0.05) in slaughter body weight, empty body weight, hot and cold carcass weight and longissimus muscle area (LMA) as the percentage of dietary CBH increased. A linear decrease (P≤0.05) of the weights of all retail cuts and a quadratic effect (minimum yield of 9.84% with the replacement of 56.9%) of the neck yield were also detected as the percentage of CBH increased. No treatment effects (P > 0.05) on the yield of the other cuts were observed, but there was a linear decline (P ≤ 0.05) in the perimeters of the thorax, leg and rump and the carcass compactness index. Replacing Tifton 85 hay with CBH in sheep diets is not recommended because it decreases the slaughter body weight, cold and hot carcass weight, retail cut weights and morphometric measurements.

Protein sources for crossbred dairy cows in the semiarid

Alternative sources of protein for lactating cows were evaluated in this study with respect to intake, digestibility, milk yield and milk composition. Eight multiparous Holstein/Gyr cows were simultaneously distributed in two 4 × 4 latin squares. Each experimental period lasted 21 days (14 days for adaptation and seven days to collect data and samples). Three protein sources, cottonseed meal, semi-integral soybean meal and corn steep liquor were evaluated and soybean meal was used as a control. When the corn steep liquor was used, lower intakes of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and total digestible nutrients were observed compared with soybean meal. Animals that consumed corn steep liquor had a lower milk yield than those fed soybean meal, and no treatment effect on the milk fat content was detected. Animals that consumed cottonseed meal and corn steep liquor had a lower fat yield than those fed soybean meal. Feeding with semi-integral soybean meal decreased the milk protein percentage compared with soybean meal. Nutrient digestibility was lower for cows fed diets with corn steep liquor, except for crude protein digestibility, which was higher for animals fed cottonseed meal and semi-integral soybean meal compared with those fed soybean meal. Based on the dry matter intake, milk yield and milk components, soybean meal can be replaced with semi-integral soybean meal.

Gérmen do milho como substituto ao milho na dieta de ovinos Santa Inês confinados: composição química e lipídica da carne

The per capita consumption of sheep meat in Brazil is still small compared to meat originating from other animal species, the lipid profile of meat named as responsible for reduced consumption. Despite the influence of sex, breed, weight at slaughter and environment, diet is seen as a major factor influencing the lipid composition of sheep meat. This study evaluated the effect of replacing corn by corn germ meal (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) in the diet of Santa Ines sheep on the meats chemical and lipid composition. Forty non-emasculated animals were distributed in a randomized block experimental design, with five treatments and eight replications, and slaughtered after 70 days of confinement. There was no influence of the substitution on the meats chemical composition. No effects on the total saturated fatty acids (SFA) were observed, but there was a decreasing linear effect on the total monounsaturated fatty acids (MFA) and an increasing linear effect on the total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PFA). The PFA:SFA and ω-6:ω-3 ratios increased with the substitution level. Corn germ meal had no effect on the meats chemical composition, but improved the nutritional quality of the lipid fraction, enriching it with compounds beneficial for human health.

Carcass characteristics in Santa Inês sheep fed with mazoferm as a substitution for soybean meal

Objetivou-se avaliar as caracteristicas de carcaca de ovinos da raca Santa Ines alimentados com mazoferm em substituicao ao farelo de soja (0,0; 33,0; 66,0 e 100,0%). Foram utilizados 32 animais machos, nao castrados, com peso medio inicial de 21 ± 2,3 kg e idade media de quatro meses, distribuidos em delineamento de blocos casualizados e abatidos apos 70 dias de confinamento. Nao foi observado efeito da substituicao sobre os consumos de materia seca (1,103 kg/dia) e NDT (0,74 kg/dia), porem o consumo de proteina bruta apresentou comportamento linear decrescente (Y = 0,172 - 0,0002x). O desempenho e o peso corporal ao abate (34,10 kg) tambem nao foram influenciados pela substituicao fazendo com que os parâmetros peso do corpo vazio (28,49 kg), peso de carcaca quente (16,05 kg) e fria (15,56 kg), rendimento de carcaca quente (47,00 kg), rendimento comercial (45,54 kg) e rendimento biologico (56,29 kg) apresentassem o mesmo comportamento. Alem desses parâmetros, a espessura de gordura de cobertura, perda de peso por resfriamento, area de olho de lombo (1,56 mm, 3,11%, 12,16 cm2, respectivamente), pesos e rendimentos dos cortes comerciais perna e as medidas morfometricas da carcaca, indices de compacidade da carcaca (0,24 kg/cm) e da perna (0,36 cm/cm) tambem nao foram influenciados. Recomenda-se a substituicao do farelo de soja pelo mazoferm tendo em vista que o mesmo nao altera as caracteristicas de carcaca de ovinos Santa Ines.

Tissue composition of the leg and meat quality of sheep fed castor bean hulls in replacement of tifton hay

The effects of replacing Tifton hay with castor bean hulls (0, 33, 66 and 100%) on the leg tissue composition, chemical composition, physicochemical parameters and sensorial traits of sheep meat were studied. A total of 28 non-castrated sheep averaging seven months in age with an average initial weight of 19.5±4.3 kg were assigned to a randomized block design with four treatments and seven replicates and were slaughtered after 70 days of confinement. At slaughter, body weight and leg, muscle and bone weights decreased linearly, whereas the muscle-to-bone ratio increased linearly according to the treatments. There was a quadratic effect on yellow intensity (maximum of 8.05 with replacement of 54.5%) and the percentage of cooking losses (minimum of 33.8% with replacement of 45.17%). The treatment employed did not affect either the chemical composition or sensorial traits of the lamb meat. Although replacing Tifton hay with castor bean hulls alters the tissue composition of the leg as well as some physicochemical parameters of the meat, the sensory analysis indicated good acceptability of the meat, regardless of the inclusion of this byproduct.