Tati Nurhayati

EKSTRAKSI DAN KARAKTERISASI PARSIAL EKSTRAK KASAR ENZIM KATEPSIN DARI IKAN PATIN [Extraction and Partial Characterization of Crude Enzymes Cathepsin from Catfish]

EKSTRAKSI DAN KARAKTERISASI PARSIAL EKSTRAK KASAR ENZIM KATEPSIN DARI IKAN PATIN [Extraction and Partial Characterization of Crude Enzymes Cathepsin from Catfish] Muhammad Zakiyul Fikri* , Tati Nurhayati dan Ella Salamah Departemen Teknologi Hasil Perairan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor Diterima 02 Juli 2013 / Disetujui 30 Mei 2014 ABSTRACT Decomposition of protein by enzymatic process will lead to changes in odor, texture, and appearance of fish. The enzymes that play a role in the enzymatic process is primarily proteolytic enzymes. Cathepsin is one of the proteolytic enzymes found in animal tissue that hydrolyzes peptide bonds of proteins. This study aims to extract the cathepsin, characterize the crude extract derived from catfish. The stages of this research consist of the extraction and characterization of the cathepsin from catfish . Result of the extraction was crude extract of c athepsin with activity of 0.278 U/mL. The enzyme had optimum temperature of 50°C, pH 6 and substrate concentration of 2%. The activity of the cathepsin was inhibited by metal ions of Fe 3+ , Cu 2+ , Ca 2+ , but increased by metal ions of Mg 2+ .

Extraction and partial characterization of crude enzymes cathepsin from catfish.

EKSTRAKSI DAN KARAKTERISASI PARSIAL EKSTRAK KASAR ENZIM KATEPSIN DARI IKAN PATIN [Extraction and Partial Characterization of Crude Enzymes Cathepsin from Catfish] Muhammad Zakiyul Fikri* , Tati Nurhayati dan Ella Salamah Departemen Teknologi Hasil Perairan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor Diterima 02 Juli 2013 / Disetujui 30 Mei 2014 ABSTRACT Decomposition of protein by enzymatic process will lead to changes in odor, texture, and appearance of fish. The enzymes that play a role in the enzymatic process is primarily proteolytic enzymes. Cathepsin is one of the proteolytic enzymes found in animal tissue that hydrolyzes peptide bonds of proteins. This study aims to extract the cathepsin, characterize the crude extract derived from catfish. The stages of this research consist of the extraction and characterization of the cathepsin from catfish . Result of the extraction was crude extract of c athepsin with activity of 0.278 U/mL. The enzyme had optimum temperature of 50°C, pH 6 and substrate concentration of 2%. The activity of the cathepsin was inhibited by metal ions of Fe 3+ , Cu 2+ , Ca 2+ , but increased by metal ions of Mg 2+ .

EKSTRAKSI DAN KARAKTERISASI PARSIAL EKSTRAK KASAR ENZIM KATEPSIN DARI IKAN PATIN

EKSTRAKSI DAN KARAKTERISASI PARSIAL EKSTRAK KASAR ENZIM KATEPSIN DARI IKAN PATIN [Extraction and Partial Characterization of Crude Enzymes Cathepsin from Catfish] Muhammad Zakiyul Fikri* , Tati Nurhayati dan Ella Salamah Departemen Teknologi Hasil Perairan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor Diterima 02 Juli 2013 / Disetujui 30 Mei 2014 ABSTRACT Decomposition of protein by enzymatic process will lead to changes in odor, texture, and appearance of fish. The enzymes that play a role in the enzymatic process is primarily proteolytic enzymes. Cathepsin is one of the proteolytic enzymes found in animal tissue that hydrolyzes peptide bonds of proteins. This study aims to extract the cathepsin, characterize the crude extract derived from catfish. The stages of this research consist of the extraction and characterization of the cathepsin from catfish . Result of the extraction was crude extract of c athepsin with activity of 0.278 U/mL. The enzyme had optimum temperature of 50°C, pH 6 and substrate concentration of 2%. The activity of the cathepsin was inhibited by metal ions of Fe 3+ , Cu 2+ , Ca 2+ , but increased by metal ions of Mg 2+ .

CHARACTERIZATION OF CRUDE CELLULASE OF SEAGRASS ENDOPHYTIC FUNGUS

In this study, cellulase was produced by endophytic fungus isolated from seagrass. Substrate used for incubating the fungus was the waste of agar industry. The objectives of this study were to optimize cellulase production and to characterize the highest activity of fungal crude cellulase. In our previous study, the EN isolate (isolated from Enhalus sp.) showed the highest cellulolytic index. Therefore, in this research we focused on cellulase activity of the isolate. Cellulase activity was determined based on endoglucanase activity, total cellulase activity, and β-glucosidase activity. The highest activity was then used to determine cellulase activity in enzyme characterization. The fungus was cultured in different concentration of agar extraction algal wastes. The fungal culture was incubated for 3-21 days with 120 rpm orbital shaker. The results showed that endoglucanase activity was 0.019-0.031 U/mL, total cellulase activity was 0.007-0.013 U/mL, and β-glucosidase activity was 0.00012-0.00361 U/mL. The highest endoglucanase and total cellulase activity were obtained from the fungal culture after 9 days incubation, β-glucosidase was obtained from the fungal culture after 15 days incubation with 1.5% of algal waste as substrate. The optimum pH and temperature were determined as 4 and 60 o C, maximum reaction rate (Vmax) and Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) for endoglucanase activity was determined as 0.044 U/mL and 0.103% respectively.

Komposisi mineral mikro dan logam berat pada ikan bandeng dari tambak Tanjung Pasir Kabupaten Tangerang

The purpose of this study is to determine the micro minerals composition i.e. iron, zinc, copper, and iodine) and heavy metals i.e. lead, cadmium, and mercury) on three groups of weight of milkfish (Chanos chanos). Micro minerals and heavy metals were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrofotometric (AAS). The results showed that the highest levels of micro minerals were found at weight ±150 g (6.95±0.16 mg of zinc/kg of dry basis, copper 0.55±0.01 mg/kg of dry basis , and iron 12.14±0.06 mg/kg of dry basis. The highest iodine content contain was found at weight 102 g ± is 76.33±0.01 mg/100g of dry basis. The concentrations obtained in lead was 0.143±0.0057 mg/kg, cadmium was 0.0433±0.011 mg/kg, and mercury was 0.143±0.0057 mg/kg of dry basis,. The heavy metals level from Tanjung Pasir Tangerang District are safe to be comsumed since it is still below the limit for food savety.

PRODUKSI DAN APLIKASI PEPTON IKAN SELAR UNTUK MEDIA PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI

Pepton adalah hidrolisat protein yang larut dalam air dan tidak menggumpal jika dipanaskan. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk: 1) mengevaluasi potensi ikan selar sebagai bahan baku pepton ikan, 2) mengoptimasi penggunaan enzim terpilih, 3) mengarakterisasi pepton ikan selar, 4) membandingkan mutu pepton ikan selar dengan pepton komersial sebagai media pertumbuhan bakteri. Proses hidrolisis ikan selar fase post rigor dengan penambahan enzim papain 0,26% (b/v) selama 6 jam. Analisis proksimat pepton ikan selar, menunjukkan kadar protein yang tinggi (74,17% basis basah) dan mengandung beberapa jenis asam amino essensial, yaitu histidina, isoleusina, leusina, lisina, metionina, fenilalanina, treonina, valina, tirosina, dan arginina. Uji karakteristik pepton ikan menunjukkan bahwa kelarutan pepton ikan post rigor yaitu 96,74%, dengan total nitrogen 11,86%, α-amino nitrogen 1,07 g/100 g, α-amino nitrogen per total nitrogen 9,02; dan kadar garam 0,41%. Nilai optical density bakteri ditumbuhkan pada media yang menggunakan pepton ikan lebih tinggi dibandingkan pertumbuhan bakteri pada media yang menggunakan pepton komersial. Kata kunci: asam amino, enzim, hidrolisis, pepton, post rigor

Characterization and Recovery of Minced fish Wastewater Protein using Reverse Osmosis

Recovery of minced fish wastewater soluble protein was done by reverse osmosis membrane. The mincefish wastewater has high level polluting load. It contains COD and TSS 4.233 and 55,06 mg/l respectively, but it is potential to utilized because of high protein and amino acids content especially glutamic acid. Fluxes of permeate during recovery process were kept on steady state in the beginning process at 15 l/m2h without prefiltration and 20 l/m2h with 0,9 micron prefiltration. During concentration, flux time decreased from 22,11 l/m2h at concentration factor 1 to 12,95 l/m2h at concentration factor 1,52. In other sides the rejection value of protein increased from 90,11% in the beginning process to 99,50% in the end of the concentration process. At the end of the recovery stage, yield concentrate contained 0.401 g/l which is 21 fold greater than the original step. Therefore permeate stream delivered high quality effluent and met the standard of wastewater effluent. Keywords: minced fish, protein, recovery, reverse osmosis

Preliminary Characterization of Protease Inhibitor from Bacteria-Associated with Sponge from Panggang Island, Seribu Islands

The term of allelopathy refers to chemical interactions (inhibitory or stimulatory) between plants, between plants and microorganisms, and between microorganisms. The wealth of information on the processes, procedures, and practices of allelopathy has contributed to understanding this field of science. Recently, researches of allelopathy have been conducted in laboratory, greenhouse, and field with multifaceted standpoint in some concerning area: (i) allelochemicals identifications and screening test; (ii) ecological and physiological aspects of allelopathy; (iii) genetic studies and the possibilities of using plant breeding or genetic manipulation to enhance allelopathic varieties; (iv) the use of allelopathic potential in the biological control, including as natural pesticide, of weeds and plant diseases as eco-friendly approach for sustainable agriculture scheme. Key words: Allelochemicals, biological control, sustainable agriculture