Bustami Ibrahim

Chrome Tanning Leather of Giant Sea Perch Combined with Seed Extract Areca Nut on the Physical Characteristics

Tanning is the process of converting raw hide protein to leather, which are stable, not easily decompose, and is suitable for a variety of uses. The use of vegetable based tanning materials in the leather tanning process has not been carried out. Vegetable based materials that were used are betel nuts. This plant contains tannin which is the main agent in the process of leather tanning. The aim of this study was to determine the physical characteristics of snapper leather treated with betel nut extract. Soxhlet extracting method with methanol as a solvent were used to obtain tannin from betel nuts. Tanned Snapper Leather were analyzed for physical quality, elongation strength, tensile strength, tear strength, and sewing strength. The result showed that methanol extracted betel nut with 10% concentration gives the optimum physical characteristics.

PROSES PENGAYAAN NUTRIEN LIMBAH IKAN WADUK CIRATA DENGAN AKTIVATOR Gliocladium sp. DAN MEDIA KASCING

Ikan mati pasca terjadinya upwelling di Waduk Cirata menyebabkan pencemaran lingkungan jika tidak dikelola dengan baik. Solusi yang dapat digunakan adalah dengan mengolahnya menjadi produk yang bernilai tambah seperti misalnya pupuk organik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengolah limbah ikan yang ditambahkan activator Gliocladium sp. pada media kascing untuk menjadi pupuk organik yang berkualitas baik. Pupuk organik dibuat dengan mencampurkan limbah ikan dan kascing dengan proporsi sebagai berikut: A (80%:20%), B (70%:30%), dan C (60%:40%). Masing-masing proporsi ditambah dengan Gliocladium sp. dengan konsentrasi 0%, 2%, 3%, 4%, dan 5%. Produk yang dihasilkan memiliki kandungan N total antara 4,06-5,46%, C organik antara 14,98-18,61%, nilai rasio C/N antara 2,79-4,27, P antara 1,35- 2,78% dan K antara 1,01-0,78%. Pupuk yang mengandung 60% limbah ikan adalah yang terbaik berdasarkan komposisi nutrisinya.

Characterization and Recovery of Minced fish Wastewater Protein using Reverse Osmosis

Recovery of minced fish wastewater soluble protein was done by reverse osmosis membrane. The mincefish wastewater has high level polluting load. It contains COD and TSS 4.233 and 55,06 mg/l respectively, but it is potential to utilized because of high protein and amino acids content especially glutamic acid. Fluxes of permeate during recovery process were kept on steady state in the beginning process at 15 l/m2h without prefiltration and 20 l/m2h with 0,9 micron prefiltration. During concentration, flux time decreased from 22,11 l/m2h at concentration factor 1 to 12,95 l/m2h at concentration factor 1,52. In other sides the rejection value of protein increased from 90,11% in the beginning process to 99,50% in the end of the concentration process. At the end of the recovery stage, yield concentrate contained 0.401 g/l which is 21 fold greater than the original step. Therefore permeate stream delivered high quality effluent and met the standard of wastewater effluent. Keywords: minced fish, protein, recovery, reverse osmosis