Tiago Junior Pasquetti

Glicerina bruta para codornas de corte, de um a 14 e de 15 a 35 dias de idade

Three experiments were carried out aiming to determine the nutritive value and verify the performance of meat quails feed with crude glycerin (CG). In the first trial 75 quails were used, allocated in a completely randomized design, consisting in three treatments and five replications. The treatments consisted of one reference diet (RD) and two test diets (TD), in which the CG replaced the RD at levels of eight and 12%. The estimated value of metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance was 4,893kcal/kg. In experiment two o, from d 1 to 14, 1,320 not sexed quails were used, allotted in a completely randomized design, with six treatments and 4 four replications. The treatments consisted of six diets with increased levels of CG (0; 3; 6; 9; 12 and 15%). The live weight (LW), weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion (FC), biomass accumulated body (BAB) and litter moisture (LM) increased linearly with the inclusion of CG. Considering the performance data, it can be concluded that CG can be included in the diets up to15%. In experiment three, d 15 to 35, 1,032 quails were used, allocated under the same conditions of experiment two. The WG, FI, BAB, LM, breast weight (BW) and breast yield (BY) increased linearly with the inclusion of CG. Considering the performance data, it can be concluded that the CG can be included in the diets up to the level of 15%.

Exigência de treonina digestível para codornas de corte no período de 15 a 35 dias de idade

The digestible threonine (DThr) requirements for meat quails (Coturnix coturnix sp) during growing phase from 15 to 35 days of age were estimated, using 1,020 quails with 15 days of age, of both sexes, distributed in a completely randomized design, with six levels of digestible threonine - 0.93; 1.00; 1.07; 1.14; 1.21 and 1.28% in diet, five replications and 34 quails per experimental unit. There was no effect on performance variables, carcass yield and chemical composition and nitrogen balance with the studied increase in digestible threonine levels. There was a linear increase in threonine intake andfeed cost per kilogram of body weight gain with increasing levels of digestible threonine. It was concluded that the best level of threonine evaluated was sufficient to meet the requirements of meat quails, in the period from 15 to 35.

Digestibilidade da silagem de grãos úmidos de milho com diferentes granulometrias para suínos

Avaliou-se a composicao quimica e determinaram-se os valores de energia digestivel (ED) e metabolizavel (EM), os coeficientes de digestibilidade da materia seca (CDMS), da proteina bruta (CDPB), da materia mineral (CDMM); do extrato etereo (CDEE); da fibra bruta (CDFB), da energia bruta (CDEB) e do extrativo nao nitrogenado (CDENN) e os coeficientes de digestibilidade (CDEB) e metabolizabilidade da energia bruta (CMEB) da silagem de graos umidos de milho (SGUM). Foram utilizados 20 suinos, com peso vivo inicial de 28,89±4,9kg, distribuidos em gaiolas de metabolismo. Foi utilizada uma unica SGUM, com quatro diferentes granulometrias 513, 587, 717 e 1363µm, que substituiu em 30% a dieta-referencia. Os CDMS, CDPB, CDEE, CDMM e CDENN diminuiram com o aumento da granulometria da SGUM. Os CDEB e CMEB tambem diminuiram de 89,0 para 94,3%, e de 82,9 para 88,5%, respectivamente. Os valores energeticos variaram de 4439 a 4493kcal EB/kg, de 3999 a 4194kcal ED/kg e de 3729 a 3939kcal EM/kg, na materia seca. Os CDEB e CMEB se reduziram ate os diâmetros geometricos medios de 754 e 831µm, respectivamente. A digestibilidade dos nutrientes da SGUM foi influenciada negativamente ao se aumentar o diâmetro geometrico medio das particulas.

Glicerina semipurificada neutralizada na alimentação de leitões na fase pré-inicial (6 A 15 kg)

Two experiments were carried out to determine the nutritional value of neutralized semi-purified glycerin (NSPG) and to evaluate the performance of pre-starting piglets (6-15 kg) fed on diets containing increasing levels of NSPG. In Experiment I, a digestibility trial with 30 barrows (11.80 ± 5.12 kg live weight) was conducted, in which they were allotted in a randomized block design. Replacement levels of the basal diet by NSPG were 3, 6, 9, and 12%. The values (as-fed-base) of digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) of NSPG were 3535 and 3279 kcal/kg, respectively. In Experiment II, 135 piglets, weaned at 21 days of age (6.85 ± 1.28 to 15.04 ± 2.06 kg), were allotted in a randomized-block design. Treatments consisted of five diets (3, 6, 9, and 12% NSPG as well as a control diet with 0% of NSPG), with nine replications, and three piglets per experimental unit. The results show that, in the pre-starting I (6-10 kg) phase, adding NSPG promoted a linear improvement in the average daily gain (ADG) and the feed-to-gain ratio (F:G). For the total period (6-15 kg), only linear improvements (P ≤ 0.05) to ADG were observed. The plasma variables were not influenced (P ≥ 0.05) by the inclusion of NSPG, as it remained within the biological range of the species. The results suggest that up to 12% NSPG can be included in the diets of piglets (6-15 kg) without impairing the plasmatic variables, performance, and economic feasibility.

Nutritional requirements of digestible threonine for growing meat-type quails

The objective of this study was to estimate the nutrient requirements of digestible threonine for meat-type quails (Coturnix coturnix sp) in the growth phase. A total of 1350 not sexed meat-type quails were distributed in a completely randomized design with six threonine levels (10.80, 11.50, 12.20, 12.90, 13.60 and 14.30 g/kg as fed), five replications and 45 quails per experimental unit, from 1 to 14 days of age. The threonine levels in the diet had a quadratic effect on body weight, feed intake and weight gain. Estimates for highest body weight (79.41 g), feed intake (128.96 g/bird) and weight gain (70.73 g) were observed with diets containing 12.60 g/kg of digestible threonine. According to the LRP model, the threonine intake was estimated at 13.40 g/kg of digestible threonine. Protein deposition rate and energy retained in the carcass showed quadratic effect, with estimated digestible threonine levels of 11.80 and 12.00 g/kg in the diet for maximum protein deposition rate (2.00 g/bird) and retained energy in the carcass (15.88 kcal/g), respectively. There was a linear effect on feed cost per kg of live weight gain as threonine levels were increased. Nutritional requirement of digestible threonine for meat-type quails for maximum growth is 12.60 g/kg, corresponding to a digestible threonine:digestible lysine ratio of 67.02.

Neutral semi-purified glycerin in growing and finishing pigs feeding

Abstract The experiment was carried out to evaluate performance, plasma variables, carcass traits and meat quality of growing-finishing pigs fed on diets with increasing levels of neutralized semi-purified glycerin (NSPG). Eighty growing pig (30.31 ± 0.47 to 60.41 ± 0.87 kg) and 80 finishing pigs (60.45 ± 0.46 to 90.99 ± 0.83 kg) were enrolled. Pigs were allotted in a randomized block design with four inclusion levels of NSPG (3.5, 7.0, 10.5 and 14%), mainly substituted the corn in diets. The experiment included 16 replicates and one pig per pen. Additionally, there was a control diet (0% NSPG). At the end of the finishing phase, all pigs were slaughtered to evaluate quantitative carcass traits and meat quality. The regression analysis showed no effect (p > 0.05) of NSPG on growth performance, backfat thickness and loin depth in the growing and finishing phases. As to plasma variables, cholesterol and triglycerides increased linearly only in the finishing phase. A linear increase was obtained in quantitative carcass traits (p < 0.05), such as hot carcass weight, hot carcass yield, cold carcass weight and cold carcass yield. As to meat quality traits, there was a quadratic effect for water drip loss and total lipids with inclusion levels of NSPG. As a whole, NSPG can be used up to 14% in the feed of growing and finishing pigs (30–90 kg) without impairing performance, plasma variables and quantitative carcass traits and meat quality. However, its use may increase the cost of the diet depending on the feedstuffs prices.

Passion fruit seed meal at growing and finishing pig (30-90 kg) feeding

The passion fruit seed is a byproduct of the extraction of the passion fruit pulp and can be used for feeding to pigs. Two experiments were conducted (digestibility and performance) to evaluate the use of the passion fruit seed meal in feed for growing and finishing pigs. A digestibility trial was conducted with growing and finishing pigs, in which the passion fruit seed meal (PSM) replaced the reference diet (0% PSM) in levels of 4, 8, 12 and 16%. Thirty barrows were used with average weight of 36.85±4.19. The PSF showed DE and ME of 3.244 and 3.223 Mcal/kg, respectively. In the performance trial, were used 150 pigs, which 75 in the growing phase and 75 pigs in the finishing, with initial body weight of 30.63±1.49 and final of 60.38±4.75 kg and 60.40±1.50 and 90.02±4.84 kg, respectively. Five diets were used, with four inclusion levels of PSM (4, 8, 12 e 16%) and one control diet (0% of PSM). The PSM levels did not influence (P>0.05) the performance variables. In the growing pigs, serum levels of cholesterol increased linearly with (P 0.05) by increasing levels of PSM in the diets. We conclude that the PSM can be used up to 16% in growing and finishing pigs diets.

Digestible tryptophan requirements of meat quails in the growth phase

The objective of this experiment was to estimate the digestible tryptophan (DTrp) requirements for growing meat quails. In the first experiment (1-14 days of age), 1,950 quails were distributed in a completely randomized design, with six levels of DTrp (0.27; 0.30; 0.33; 0.36; 0.39 and 0.42% of diet), five replications and 65 quails per experimental unit. There was a linear increase of feed intake, tryptophan intake, weight gain and body weight with the DTrp levels increase. In the second experiment (15-35 days of age), 1,350 quails were distributed in a completely randomized design, with six levels of DTrp (0.22; 0.25; 0.28; 0.31; 0.34 and 0.37% of diet), five replications and 45 quails per experimental unit. There was a linear increase for tryptophan intake, carcass yield, ash levels and protein deposition rate with the DTrp levels increase. In the third experiment (28-35 days of age), conducted to determine the nitrogen balance, 150 males were housed in galvanized wire cages featuring drinker, feeder and individual metal tray lined with plastic to collect the excreta. The design was completely randomized, with six levels of DTrp (0.22; 0.25; 0.28; 0.31; 0.34 and 0.37% of diet), five replicates and five quails per experimental unit. Linear decrease was observed on the nitrogen balance and metabolization coefficient with the DTrp levels increase. The nutritional requirement of digestible tryptophan for maximum growing of meat quail, in the period from 1 to 14 days of age, is higher or equal to 0.42%; in the period from 15 to 35 days, it is 0.22%.

Metabolisable energy prediction in energy feedstuffs and evaluation of the stepwise validation procedure using bootstrapping

The use of predicted values ​​of apparent metabolisable energy (AME), obtained from regression equations, can be useful for both research institutions and nutrition industries. However, there is a need to validate independent samples to ensure that the predicted equation for AME is reliable. In this study, data was collected in order to estimate the prediction equations of corn, sorghum and wheat bran for pig feed, based on the chemical composition, in addition to evaluating the validity of the stepwise selection procedure regressive method of non-parametric bootstrap resampling. Data from metabolism trials in pigs and the chemical composition of foods was collected from both national and international literature, expressed as dry matter. After the residue analysis, five models of multiple linear regression were adjusted to randomly generate 1000 bootstrap samples of equal size from the database via meta-analysis. The five estimated models were adjusted for all bootstrapped samples using the stepwise method. The highest percentage significance for regressor (PSR) value was observed for digestible energy (100%) in the AME 1 model, and gross energy (95.7%) in the AME 2 model, indicating high correlation of the regressive model with AME. The regressors selected for AME 4 and AME 5 resulted in a PSR of greater than 50%, and were validated for estimating the AME of pig feed. However, the percentage of joint occurrence of regressor models showed low reliability, with values ​​between 2.6% (AME 2 ) and 23.4% (AME 4 ), suggesting that the stepwise procedure was invalid.

Metabolizable energy in energy food for growing pigs and cross-validation regression models

The present study aimed to determine the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) of six corn cultivars, two sorghum cultivars and two wheat brans and to evaluate the cross-validation of predictive models of AME for corn, sorghum and wheat bran for growing pigs, as estimated from the data of chemical composition. Forty-four pigs, with an average initial weight of 24.3 kg, were distributed in a randomized block design, with 11 treatments (ten food treatments and the reference diet), four replicates and one pig per experimental unit. The reference diet was replaced by 30% for the ground corn and sorghum conditions and 20% for the wheat bran condition. The values of AME for corn, sorghum and wheat meal for pigs ranged from 3161 to 3275, 3317 to 3457 and 2767 to 2842 kcal kg-1 as a feed basis, respectively. The average metabolizability of the gross energy did not differ between the corn and sorghum cultivars, which formed a homogeneous group of food. Next, linear regression models were fitted to the 1st degree of the observed values as a function of the predicted AME, to test the hypothesis β0 = 0 and β1 = 1 in an experimental sample and 200 bootstrap samples. Fourteen predictive models had low percentages of cross-validation, ranging from 0-29.5%. The AME1A = 2.547 + 0.969ADE model was validated in experimental sample and 68% of bootstrap samples, proving its accuracy in estimating the AME of corn and sorghum from national data for growing pigs.