Ulysses Cecato

Características da carcaça de cordeiros alimentados com dietas contendo grãos de milho conservados em diferentes formas

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of corn grains in different forms (corn dry grain, high moisture corn silage, moisturized corn silage) in the diet of confined lambs, and its possible effects on the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the carcass. Twenty male Bergamacia x Corriedade lambs were used. The animals were confined and fed ad libitum, assigned to five treatments consisted of dry corn: high moisture corn silage or moisturized corn silage (0:100, 50:50, 100:0). There was not effect of the treatments on the main carcass characteristics. The average true yield of carcass was 51.5%, while the yield of commercial carcass was 42.4%. Differences were not observed between the variable body condition and conformation of the carcass, in function of the treatments. The variables fat covering, fat color and fat thickness were similar. The forms of the corn grains used in the feeding of the lambs did not affect the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the carcass.

Suplementação de bovinos em pastagem de Coastcross (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers) no verão

This trial was carried out in Luiziana, Northwest of Parana, from June to October 2000. Twenty-four animals with 223 kg of initial body weight and nine months old, from two different genetic groups, ½ Red Angus ½ Nellore (15) and ½ Marchigiana ½ Nellore (9), were used. Animal performance was evaluated, under grazing conditions of Coastcross (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers) and three types of supplementation: grazing Oat + Ryegrass pasture (OR) for four hours/day; 1.2% of body weight (BW) supplement (S); 1.2% of BW supplement + lasalocid (SL). The experimental area consisted of four padocks: three of Coastcross, with 7.35 ha of total area; and one of Oat (Avena strigosa Schreb) and Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam), with two ha. Pasture accumulation and quality were evaluated. After 112 days of experimental period, average daily gain did not show any difference between S and SL (1.063 kg and 1.026 kg, respectively), but both were superior than OR (0.856 kg). Lasalocid addition to supplement did not improve animal performance. These results show that even during the dry period, supplementation (1.2% of BW), with or without lasalocid, or winter pasture, can result in high liveweight.

Beef heifer production in Coastcross-1 and Arachis pintoi mixed pasture with or without nitrogen fertilization

Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a massa de forragem (MF), a taxa de acumulo diario (TAD), a oferta de forragem (OF), a taxa de lotacao (TL), a porcentagem de Arachis pintoi (PAR), o ganho medio diario (GMD) e o ganho por hectare (GPV/ha) de novilhas de corte em pastejo de Coastcross-1 consorciada com Arachis pintoi. Os consorcios avaliados foram: CA0 = coastcross + Arachis pintoi sem adubacao nitrogenada; CA100 = coastcross + Arachis pintoi com 100 kg de nitrogenio; CA200 = coastcross + Arachis pintoi com 200 kg de nitrogenio; e C200 = coastcross com 200 kg de nitrogenio, distribuidos em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com duas repeticoes. O manejo do pasto foi o de lotacao continua com carga animal variavel utilizando-se novilhas mesticas com tres animais-testes por consorcio. A massa de forragem nas pastagens de coastcross + Arachis pintoi adubadas com 0, 100 e 200 kg de nitrogenio e na pastagem de coastcross adubada com 200 kg de nitrogenio foi de 2.641, 2.431, 2.760 e 2.704 kg de MS/ha, respectivamente. A taxa de acumulo diario foi semelhante (66,12 kg de MS/ha) entre as pastagens; o verao foi a estacao de maior producao, seguido da primavera, do outono, que nao diferiram entre si, e do inverno (108,6; 71,1; 54,2; 30,6 kg de MS/ha, respectivamente). Na associacao de coastcross + Arachis pintoi sem adubacao nitrogenada, foram obtidas a maior oferta de forragem e a menor taxa de lotacao (4,0 UA/ha). As maiores taxas de lotacao e as menores ofertas de forragem foram observadas com a adubacao nitrogenada. A porcentagem de Arachis pintoi foi maior na primavera e, na associacao coastcross + Arachis pintoi sem adubacao, as estimativas visuais foram sempre superiores as medidas, em virtude do baixo teor de materia seca dessa leguminosa. O ganho medio diario foi maior no cultivo em consorcio e adubacao com 200 kg de nitrogenio e na pastagem de coastcross em cultivo exclusivo com 200 kg de nitrogenio em comparacao aquelas de coastcross + Arachis adubada com 100 kg de nitrogenio e sem adubacao (0,51; 0,51; 0,42 e 0,38 kg/dia, respectivamente). Os ganhos anuais por hectare foram superiores a 1.000 kg/ha/ano e foram maiores no verao (221,4 kg/ha).

Roughage intake, milk yield and physicochemical composition from F1 Boer × Saanen goats

Avaliaram-se os efeitos do fornecimento de volumosos suplementares sobre o consumo, a producao e a composicao fisico-quimica do leite de cabras F1 (Boer ×Saanen). Utilizaram-se 18 cabras distribuidas em tres baias, recebendo como suplemento, a vontade, silagem de sorgo, silagem de milho ou feno de amoreira com controle diario do consumo de materia seca. A media diaria para producao semanal foi calculada reunindo-se dados leiteiros em tres periodos pos-parto: 1 (34 a 40 dias/7 dias); 2 [(64 a 70 dias/7 dias) + (91 a 97 dias)/7 dias)]/2; e 3 (125 a 131 dias/7 dias) e a media pontual diaria do periodo pelas datas de referencia dos periodos da media diaria para producao semanal, que foi correlacionada a composicao de gordura, proteina, lactose e extrato seco total e a contagem de celulas somaticas. Os dados semanais de acidez e densidade foram agrupados em 37, 81±13, 128 e 151±10 dias pos-parto. Com modelos mistos, o animal foi computado como aleatorio e os efeitos fixos foram tres suplementos e tres periodos (composicao, medias diarias as producoes semanal e do periodo) ou quatro (acidez e densidade). O consumo de feno de amoreira (0,657 kg) superou o de silagem de milho (0,604 kg), que foi superior ao de silagem de sorgo (0,305 kg). No periodo 2, a composicao em extrato etereo foi menor, em razao do decrescimo de gordura e lactose. No periodo 3, a composicao em proteina e a acidez aumentaram e a densidade foi maior nos periodos 1 (1,0270) e 3 (1,0277). A mamite aumentou a CCS no periodo 2. Para proteina, o tipo de suplemento nao foi significativo, mas houve efeito da interacao periodo pos-parto ×suplemento. As demais variaveis nao foram influenciadas pelo tipo de suplemento, apenas pelo periodo pos-parto. O feno de amoreira aumenta o consumo suplementar pelas cabras em relacao as silagens de milho e sorgo, mas nao melhora as medias de producao e composicao do leite. Cabras Boer ×Saanen em pastejo e sob suplementacao tem bom potencial leiteiro.

Características morfológicas e índice de área foliar do capim-tanzânia (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Tanzânia-1) manejado em diferentes alturas, sob pastejo

The effect of different sward heights (24, 26, 43, 45, 52, 62, 73 and 78 cm) and different sampling periods (28, 56, 84 days), on basal and aerial tiller density, weight and diameter of basal tillers, leaf area index (LAI), meristem apical height, node number and internode length basal tiller in Tanzaniagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Tanzânia - 1) is provided. Nelore steers were used in grazing, with variable stocking rates, using put and take techniques. The experimental design was completely randomized, with two replications. Aerial tiller density, weight, diameter, node number and internode length basal tiller, apical meristem height and leaf area index increased according to the higher sward management height. Basal tillering was not affected by sward management heights, but decreased during the experiment. Aerial tiller had a similar behavior. Node number, internode length, apical meristem height and LAI had a negative quadratic behavior, according to the sample collection period.

Características morfogênicas do capim-mombaça (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Mombaça) adubado com fontes de fósforo, sob pastejo

The experiment was carried out from December/2002 to April/2003 and aimed to evaluate the effects of two phosphorus sources (ordinary superphosphate + triple superphosphate and Yoorinâ magnesium thermophosphate), as a function of days (24) and evaluation period (summer and autumn) on leaf appearance interval (LAPI), leaf elongation rate (LER), leaf senescence (TLS), first and last ligule height (FLH; LLH), number of expanded leaves (NEL), number of leaves in expansion (NLE), total number of leaves (TNL), total number of live leaves (TNLL), and grazing return rate (GRR) on mombacagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Mombaca). The experimental design was randomized blocks with three replications. There was no difference between phosphorus sources in all evaluated variables, except for leaf elongation rate, which was higher in tillers fertilized with the SPS+TSP treatment. Differences were found between evaluation periods, with summer showing higher leaf elongation rate and ligule height (first and last). The days evaluated indicated effect on first ligule height (FLH; LLH), number of expanded leaves (NEL), number of leaves in expansion (NFE), total number of leaves (TNL), total number of live leaves (TNLL), total number of senescent leaves (TLS), and grazing return rate (GRR). For days and period interactions only TNLL and TSL had positive linear correlations.