Viviani Silva Lírio

Integração espacial de mercados na presença de custos de transação: um estudo para o mercado de boi gordo em Minas Gerais e São Paulo

The analysis of market integration of agricultural commodities based on price information are limited because the effects of transaction costs are not considered in the adjustment process. The main objective of this paper was to estimate the possible transaction costs impacts on market integration of beef cattle between the states of Minas Gerais and SA£o Paulo. It was estimated a Threshold Vector Error Correction Model (TVEC model) using monthly price data for the period from January 1972 to August 2005. The results indicated the presence of threshold cointegration implying that transaction costs have important effect on the price adjustment process.

Fatores associados à segurança alimentar nos domicílios brasileiros em 2009

This study aims to identify the factors associated with food security in households, using a binary choice model (logit). It is considered as a measure of this phenomenon household caloric intake, based on data from the Household Budget Survey (POF/IBGE) from 2008-2009. Although only 12.4% of households still do not have an adequate level of food security, the results of this study show that factors such as poverty and lack of basic infrastructure and household size contribute to its incidence in these households. Moreover, living in rural areas has become more favorable to food security. It is noteworthy that there is no difference between the caloric intake in the Northeast and Southeast, while residing in the South is still favorable for food security. Furthermore, it reinforces the importance of education, which contributes to food intake.

Viabilidade da implantação de um contrato de comercialização futura da madeira de reflorestamento no Brasil

This study analyzed the viability of implantation of futures contract of reforestation wood in Brazil, with focus on the market of Eucalyptus pulpwood production. For this purpose, the micro analysis model of Pennings and Leuthold (1999) was taken as reference. Data were collected through questionnaires addressed to the cellulose companies. The results indicated that the characteristics of managers and companies were shown favorable to the development of this type contract, since all the managers present individual characteristics prone to negotiate in exchange, as high education level and age below 60 years. Besides, the results showed a probable demand for future wood contracts in Brazil by the companies, and that they have enough financial conditions to operate in exchanges, are exposed to risk and are risk averse, and that employees of almost all the companies receive training in the economic and administration areas. It was therefore concluded that there is potential for the implantation of a futures contract of pulpwood in Brazil.

Produtividade agrícola e segurança alimentar dos domicílios das regiões metropolitanas brasileiras

One of the principal means by which agricultural growth affects the level of welfare of the population is the possibility of increasing the food supply, which generally reflects in lower food prices, with important implications on people’s diet. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between the agricultural productivity of the main items of people’s diet and food security of households in metropolitan regions. We used a qualitative choice model, the probit, and data from the Household Budget Surveys (POF, in Portuguese) of 1995-1996, 2002-2003 and 2008-2009 and research Municipal Agricultural Production. There were significant relationships between the level of education of the household head, the presence of persons under 18 years-old in the family and the fact that the per capita income household earning is less than minimum wage and food security. Moreover, the productivity growth of grains, vegetables and fruits was associated with greater likelihood of food security in at least one of the periods analyzed. We conclude that productivity gains are associated with greater household food security, but in low proportions, due to the high influence of particular characteristics, such as education and income.

CONDIÇÕES PARA IMPLANTAÇÃO DO CONTRATO FUTURO DE ARROZ NO BRASIL

Este artigo tem como objetivo avaliar a viabilidade da implantacao de um contrato futuro para o arroz no Brasil, como alternativa para minimizar as incertezas associadas as variacoes nos precos do produto. Para atingir o objetivo, foi utilizada a Teoria do Sucesso e Fracasso de Contratos Futuros. Os resultados revelaram que, antes da criacao de um contrato futuro, ha a necessidade do desenvolvimento de um mercado a termo para o produto. Alem disso, e necessario que o governo diminua a intervencao no mercado para que os precos sejam formados somente pelas leis de oferta e demanda de mercado. Outro problema e a tendencia de concentracao no setor beneficiador, que pode constituir um empecilho para a implantacao de um contrato futuro bem-sucedido. Tambem foi utilizada a integracao de mercado para verificar se os mercados de arroz irrigado e de sequeiro sao integrados. Os dados mostraram que os mercados sao integrados e que o estado do Rio Grande do Sul e o estado formador dos precos do arroz no Brasil.

Efeitos da ampliação das exportações agropecuárias e agroindustriais na balança comercial e (re)distribuição da renda: uma análise de equilíbrio geral

The objective of this work was to analyze the effects of the increase in the Brazilian agricultural and agro industrial exports upon the trade account and income distribution between labor and capital in a general equilibrium context. The general equilibrium analysis was used as theoretical framework and a Social Account Matrix (SAM) and a Computable General Equilibrium model (CGE) were used as analytical instruments. It was considered 1996 as base year and several simulations were conducted. The SAM multipliers calculated show that the most affected sectors with the export increases were Other Industries, Other Services and the Family Institution. The results obtained with the CGE show that the capital factor was favored relative to labor with the export increases. Both models show that the export increases improved the trade account, but there was not significant improvement in the distributive pattern.

Technical efficiency in Brazilian citrus production

The purpose of this study was to analyze the technical efficiency of citrus producing properties in Sao Paulo state, in 2009 and 2010. For this, producers were interviewed; non–parametric data envelopment analysis approach was applied to calculate levels of technical efficiency, and an econometric approach was applied to establish technical efficiency determinants. The results showed that a great part of Sao Paulo citrus producing properties works inefficiently and the variables that mostly contribute to increase efficiency are “producer schooling “ and “experience as rural producer”.

Strategic Planning in Brazilian Small-Scale Municipalities: is the Balanced Scorecard a feasible tool?

Balanced Scorecard has not yet been tested in Brazilian small-scale municipalities. The BSC is based on dimensions of Learning and Growth, Internal Processes Business, Financial and Customer. In order to fit to public organizations it needs some adjustments due to these organizations’ objectives. This paper presents a case study focusing on municipalities from Brazil. Data has been collected by action research and analysed by qualitative analysis. The analysis indicates that the BSC can be successfully implemented in small-scale municipalities. It soundly depends on Mayor’s leadership and staff’s engagement. The way the intervention is conducted is also important. By keeping it as easier as possible, employees are more able to participate and to collaborate in the process.

Modelos de cointegração com um ou dois limiares: uma aplicação para o preço do frango inteiro resfriado em mercados atacadistas no Brasil

A maioria dos estudos de integracao de mercados que utiliza a tecnica de cointegracao com threshold nao se preocupa em testar qual o numero de regimes de ajustamento de precos e o mais adequado. Neste estudo, utiliza-se um procedimento para determinar o numero de regimes estatisticamente indicado para diferentes mercados regionais de carne de frango no Brasil, no periodo de janeiro de 1998 a junho de 2007. Os resultados mostram que, para um grupo de mercados, o modelo com dois regimes e o mais indicado, enquanto para os demais mercados, o modelo com tres regimes e o que melhor se ajusta. Constata-se a presenca de significativas barreiras a transmissao de choques de precos entre os mercados, o que provavelmente resulta de custos de transacao nao despreziveis na comercializacao da carne de frango......Most studies about market integration that use threshold cointegration do not usually test the number of regimes of price adjustment. In this study, we use a testing procedure to determine the number of statistically significant regimes for regional markets of poultry in Brazil in the period of January 1998 to June 2007. Results show that, for some markets, two regimes are adequate, whereas for others, the model should have three regimes. We also conclude that there are important barriers to price transmission among the markets which may come from the existence of high transaction costs regarding trades involving poultry.

Importância e encadeamento dos setores de produção e abate e processamento da cadeia suinícola em Minas Gerais

The main objective of this study was to establish the importance and the enchainment of the production sector and butchery/making up sector of pork chain in Minas Gerais, in the years of 1980 and 1995, applying the Rasmussen-Hirschman index, the influence field index and GHS index. The results showed that both sectors were considered key sectors only by the Rasmussen-Hirschman index and the influence field index, i.e., they presented greater importance when observed its impacts on the final demand and its power of enchainment in the economy. Despite not being considered key sectors by the GHS index, they presented great potential of backward impacts. This result, and the fact that the participation of these sectors had been increasing in the Minas Gerais economy since 1995, suggests that those sectors the state policy makers need to give priority in resources allocation and in the strategy for the industrial development.