nan Widodo

Pendugaan Ragam Genetik dan Heritabilitas Karakter Hasil dan Komponen Hasil Tomat (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) di Dua Lokasi

ABSTRACT The objective of the study was to determine the genetic variability and heritability for some characters of twenty tomato genotypes across at two locations. The experimental design used was Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), three replications as a block was nested in location (at two locations i.e Ciawi and Lembang). Plant materials were twenty genotypes: 42D, 50D, 96D, 61I, 40D, 21D, 59I, 57D, 40I, 102D, 58I, 59D, 94D, 43D, 60I, 99D, 100D, 98D, 04I dan Tora. Results indicated that time of harvest, fruit weight, number of fruit per plant, fruit length and fruit width had broad genetic variability. The characters of yield per plant and fruit firmness had narrow genetic variability. Broad-sense heritability was high for all observed characters. Genotype 42D can be used to develop high yielding tomato for small fruit size group, 59D and Tora for medium fruit size group, 97D and 94D for big fruit size group. Keywords: broad, fruit, genetic, narrow, size, twenty ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi keragaman genetik dan heritabilitas karakter hasil dan komponen hasil tomat (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) di dua lokasi. Percobaan dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak (RKLT) dua faktor dengan tiga ulangan. Ulangan tersarang dalam lokasi (dua lokasi yaitu Ciawi dan Lembang). Materi genetik yang digunakan adalah 20 galur murni generasi F-7 yaitu 42D, 50D, 96D, 61I, 40D, 21D, 59I, 57D, 40I, 102D, 58I, 59D, 94D, 43D, 60I, 99D, 100D, 98D, 04I dan Tora. Keragaman genetik yang luas terdapat pada karakter umur panen, bobot buah, jumlah buah per tanaman, panjang buah dan diameter buah, sedangkan keragaman genetik sempit terdapat pada karakter bobot buah per tanaman dan kekerasan buah. Semua karakter yang diamati mempunyai nilai heritabilitas arti luas yang tinggi. Genotipe 42D dapat digunakan untuk mengembangkan varietas tomat berdaya hasil tinggi untuk kelompok ukuran buah kecil. Genotipe 59D dan Tora untuk kelompok ukuran buah sedang dan genotipe 97D dan 94D untuk kelompok ukuran buah besar. Kata kunci: buah, dua puluh, genetik, luas, sempit, ukuran

PERSPEKTIF PENGEMBANGAN KOMPOS BIOAKTIVATOR UNTUK PENGENDALIAN Phytophthora capsici PADA TANAMAN LADA (Piper nigrum)

The Influence of Cropping Systems and Plant Trimming on Growth and Yield of Maize and Soybean. This study aimed to determine the effect of monoculture and intercropping systems and plant trimming on growth and yield of maize and soybean as well as farm income. The experiment was conducted in rainfed lowland at Mojosari Experimental Farm, Mojokerto Regency, East Java during the late dry season in 2012. Randomized block design with nine treatments of planting systems and three replications was used in this experiment. The planting system tested were: (1) Monoculture of soybean with planting space of 40 cm x 15 cm, (2) Monoculture of maize with planting space of 75 cm x 20 cm, without trim, (3) Monoculture of maize with planting space of 75 cm x 20 cm, and trimming the leaves and stems above the cob, (4) Intercropping of soybean-maize (90/60 cm x 20 cm, without trimming), (5) Intercropping of soybean-maize (90/60 cm x 20 cm, trimming the leaves and stems above the cob), (6) Intercropping of soybean-maize (150 cm x 20 cm, without trimming), (7) Intercropping of soybean-maize (150 cm x 20 cm, trimming the leaves and stems above the cob), (8) Intercropping of soybean-maize (180/120 cm x 20 cm, without trimming), (9) intercropping of soybeans-maize (180/120 cm x 20 cm, trimming the leaves and stems above the cob). The results showed that the intercropping system affected the growth and yield of soybean and maize compared to monoculture system. The intercropping system increased the plant height, but reduced the number of pod, seed, node, branch and seed yield of soybean compared the monoculture. Plant height, cob length, cob diameter, 100 seed weight, and yield of maize in intercropping decreased compared to those of monoculture system. Based on land equivalent ratio, total yield and net income, the intercropping soybean-maize with plating space of 150 cm x 20 cm with trimming the leaves and stems above the cob would be suggested and prospective to be developed in the farmer’s fields. Key words: Soybean, maize, intercropping Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh sistem tanam monokultur dan tumpangsari kedelai-jagung dan pemangkasan tanaman jagung terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman serta pendapatan usahatani. Penelitian dilaksanakan di lahan sawah tadah hujan, KP. Mojosari, Kabupaten Mojokerto, Jawa Timur pada MK I 2012. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah acak kelompok dengan tiga ulangan dan sembilan perlakuan. Perlakuannya adalah sistem tanam, yaitu: (1) monokultur kedelai dengan jarak tanam 40 cm x 15 cm, (2) monokultur jagung dengan jarak tanam 75 cm x 20 cm, tanpa pangkas, (3) monokultur jagung dengan pangkas daun bawah dan batang diatas tongkol, (4) tumpangsari kedelai-jagung dengan jarak tanam 90/60 cm x 20 cm, tanpa pangkas daun, (5) tumpangsari kedelai-jagung dengan jarak tanam 90/60 cm x 20 cm dengan pangkas daun bawah dan batang diatas tongkol, (6) tumpangsari kedelai-jagung dengan jarak tanam 150 cm x 20 cm, tanpa pangkas daun, (7) tumpangsari kedelai-jagung dengan jarak tanam 150 cm x 20 cm, pangkas daun bawah dan batang diatas tongkol, (8) tumpangsari kedelai-jagung dengan jarak tanam 180/120 cm x 20 cm, tanpa pangkas daun, (9) tumpangsari kedelai-jagung dengan jarak tanam 180/120 cm x 20 cm, pangkas daun bawah dan batang diatas tongkol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem tumpangsari kedelai-jagung menyebabkan tanaman kedelai bertambah tinggi, tetapi terjadi penurunan dalam jumlah polong, jumlah biji, jumlah buku, jumlah cabang, dan hasil biji. Sistem tumpangsari juga menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan tinggi tanaman jagung, panjang tongkol, diameter tongkol, bobot 100 biji, dan hasil biji. Berdasarkan nilai LER ( Land Equivalent Ratio ), total hasil setara kedelai, dan pendapatan (keuntungan) usahatani, maka sistem tanam tumpangsari kedelai-jagung pada jarak tanam 150 cm x 20 cm dengan pemangkasan daun bawah dan batang di atas tongkol pada umur 80 hari prospektif untuk dikembangkan di lahan petani. Kata kunci: Kedelai, jagung, tumpangsariProduction and Economic Analysis of Bali Cattle Using Feed of Palm Frond During Dry Season, West Sumatera. Problems of cattle feed during dry season could be solved by additional of palm frond without adversely affected the cattle production. The aim of this research was to determine body weight gain and to conduct the economic analysis of Bali cattle which was fed palm frond during dry season. The design of the experiment was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and three replications in each treatment. The total of 12 Bali cattle on the age of 1,5-2 year old and the average body weight 170kg were used in this study. The treatments were R0 (grass + concentrate), R1 (grass + 3kg palm frond + concentrate), R2 (grass + 4 kg palm frond + concentrate) and R3 (grass + 5 palm frond + concentrate). Grass was given ad-libitum , while concentrate was given 1,5kg/day consisting of 40% rice brand, 14% corn, 30% palm oil meal, 7% soybean meal, 5% fish meal, 3% mineral dan 1% salt. The parameters observed were average daily gain (ADG), return over cost ratio (R/C) and net income value. The results showed that the performance of Bali cattle had significantly different (P<0,05) on average daily gain compared to other Bali cattle that was not fed palm frond. Bali cattle by R2 had average daily gain of 0.54 kg/day higher than others by R0, which had average daily gain of 0.42 kg/day. The economic analysis showed that Bali cattle by R2 had R/C of 1.39 and net income value of 3.6 times higher than those by R0 which had R/C of 1.11. Thus, it can be concluded that palm frond for Bali cattle feed could substitute grass up to 30 percent, increase farmer income and also solve the problems to find grass during dry season. Key words : Bali cattle, dry season , p alm oil frond, growth, economic analysis Masalah pakan sapi di musim kemarau yang sulit diperoleh diharapkan dapat diatasi dengan pemberian pelepah sawit tanpa menyebabkan dampak buruk terhadap produktivitas ternak. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pertambahan bobot badan dan analisa ekonomi sapi Bali yang diberi pakan pelepah sawit pada musim kemarau. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) terdiri dari empat perlakuan dan tiga kali ulangan. Sebanyak 12 ekor sapi Bali jantan umur 1,5-2 tahun dengan bobot badan rata-rata 170 kg digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Sapi tersebut dibagi menjadi empat kelompok dan diberikan perlakuan pakan R0 (rumput+konsentrat), R1 (rumput+3kg pelepah sawit+konsentrat), R2 (rumput+4kg pelepah sawit+konsentrat) dan R3 (rumput+5kg pelepah sawit+konsentrat). Rumput diberikan secara ad-libitum, sedangkan konsentrat sebanyak 1,5kg/hari yang merupakan campuran dari 40% dedak halus, 14% jagung halus, 30% bungkil sawit, 7% bungkil kedelai, 5% tepung ikan, 3% ultra mineral dan 1% garam. Parameter yang diukur meliputi pertambahan bobot badan harian (PBBH), return over cost ratio (R/C) dan nilai keuntungan bersih (NKB). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian pakan pelepah sawit memberikan pengaruh yang nyata (P<0,05) terhadap pertambahan bobot badan sapi Bali. Pemberian pakan pelepah sawit R2 pada sapi Bali menghasilkan PBBH 0,54 kg/hari lebih tinggi dibanding sapi Bali yang diberikan pakan R0 tanpa pelepah sawit dengan PBBH 0,42 kg/hari. Analisis ekonomi sapi Bali yang diberi pakan pelepah sawit R2 memperlihatkan nilai R/C 1,39 dan nilai keuntungan bersih 3,6 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan pakan tanpa pelepah sawit R0 dengan nilai R/C 1,11. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa pemberian pelepah sawit terhadap sapi Bali mampu menggantikan rumput hingga 30% kebutuhan konsumsi bahan kering dan bisa mengatasi masalah kesulitan memperoleh rumput di musim kemarau. Kata kunci : Sapi Bali, musim kemarau, pelepah sawit, berat badan , analisis ekonomi