Willian Cézar Nadaleti

Temperaturas mesófilas e termófilas na produção de biogás através de efluente da parboilização do arroz

Rice industry generates about four liters of effluent per kilogram of rice milled, Brazil being one of the largest rice producers in the world and considering that these wastewaters have high organic loads, this segment presents a huge potential for pollution. Therefore, the anaerobic digestion for biogas production is evaluated as a possible solution for both: energy generation and treatment of effluents. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the ideal temperature for biogas production by means of anaerobic digestion with sludge and rice parboiling effluent. The biodigesters were batch operated at temperatures of 35 °C, 45 °C and 55 °C. The highest biogas production peak at all temperatures occurred in the first 12 hours. The highest volume of biogas generated during the 276 hours occurred in the system at 35 °C with 5.198 dm3, as well as 87.3% of COD removal. For pH, all systems achieved neutrality. The ideal temperature for the biogas production through the parboiled rice effluent digestion in this experiment was 35 °C.

PRÉ-TRATAMENTOS NA PRODUÇÃO DE ETANOL DE SEGUNDA GERAÇÃO

The increasing in ethanol production without expansion of plantation areas has been studied in Brazil, more intensively since the Proalcool initiative. The cellulosic biofuel is considered an alternative to expand this production in large scale for it does not only allow the use of sugar cane bagasse, as well as any lignocellulosic material, and uneatable plant parts, besides, the environmental appeal enables the short term production. One of the challenges is to improve the process of hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose, once that he first presents an almost crystalline structure and the second has a less regular structure. This paper aims to report the main used pre-treatments aiming to expose the cellulose and hemicellulose for hydrolysis (saccharification). The greatest challenge is due to the metabolization of the polysaccharide that is gradually impaired as the complexity of its chain increases. The degradation of cellulose weaves a network of several possibilities including even the fuel production for jet aircraft. Even with the fact that this area of research is recent, there is already such a pilot plant for production and the first refineries installed went into operation in 2011, however, in order to spread and gain markets it will have compete with the powerful oil market.

Fertigation of stillage in the culture of brown and golden linseed ( Linum usitatissimum )

In Brazil, the stillage is mainly used in fertigation of sugarcane plantations, however, little is known about its effect on the nutritional supplementation and irrigation cultivation of linseed. Because of the shortage of work in the area, the present study aimed to evaluate the development of the culture of brown and golden linseed submitted to fertigation of stillage. The experiment was conducted in the field, at the Federal University of Parana in Palotina/PR in the agricultural year of 2013, on a eutrophic Red Latosol. The adopted lineation was completely randomized in split plots, where the plots were composed by the two varieties (brown and gold), and the sub-plots by the ratios (100% stillage; 50% stillage and 50% water; 100% control water). Fertigation of stillage in the culture of brown and golden linseed presents positive results on plant height, dry and fresh weight, capsules number and productivity; except for the number of branches (100% is higher). It was observed that between the two varieties, the golden linseed showed better development with the applied treatment. Keywords: Fertigation, energy crops, agro industrial residues African Journal of Biotechnology , Vol 13(12), 1369-1373