Wilson da Cruz Vieira

Analysis of technical efficiency of milk-producing farms in Minas Gerais

O objetivo deste artigo foi mensurar as eficiencias tecnica e de escala de propriedades produtoras de leite do Estado de Minas Gerais, considerando diferentes estratos de producao, e identificar os fatores determinantes desta eficiencia. Utilizaram-se como modelos analiticos a Analise Envoltoria de Dados (DEA) e um modelo econometrico Tobit e, como base de dados, informacoes de 771 propriedades produtoras de leite. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que a maior parte das propriedades apresenta ineficiencia tecnica. Os pequenos produtores tem potencial para expandir suas producoes e produtividades, aumentando a eficiencia tecnica, visto que estao operando com retornos crescentes a escala. Os grandes produtores foram os que apresentaram as melhores medidas de eficiencia tecnica, explicada, em parte, pela presenca de fatores como acesso ao credito rural, treinamento e assistencia tecnica.

Análise da eficiência técnica de talhões de café irrigados e não-irrigados em Minas Gerais: 2004-2006

The objective of this study was to measure the technical efficiency of 228 plots of coffee from the regions of the Brazilian Savannas (Cerrado) and South of Minas Gerais and to identify the determining factors of that efficiency, considering irrigated and non-irrigated crops. The analyses were carried out using both Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and an econometric Tobit model. The results show that most of the coffee crops present technical inefficiency and among the most inefficient are the non-irrigated crops.

Efeitos da ampliação das exportações agropecuárias e agroindustriais na balança comercial e (re)distribuição da renda: uma análise de equilíbrio geral

The objective of this work was to analyze the effects of the increase in the Brazilian agricultural and agro industrial exports upon the trade account and income distribution between labor and capital in a general equilibrium context. The general equilibrium analysis was used as theoretical framework and a Social Account Matrix (SAM) and a Computable General Equilibrium model (CGE) were used as analytical instruments. It was considered 1996 as base year and several simulations were conducted. The SAM multipliers calculated show that the most affected sectors with the export increases were Other Industries, Other Services and the Family Institution. The results obtained with the CGE show that the capital factor was favored relative to labor with the export increases. Both models show that the export increases improved the trade account, but there was not significant improvement in the distributive pattern.

CHOQUES MONETÁRIOS E TECNOLÓGICOS E AS FLUTUAÇÕES CÍCLICAS NA ECONOMIA BRASILEIRA

We investigated the relative importance of technological and monetary shocks for the business cycles in the Brazilian economy between 1980 and 2009. In this investigation, we used the model money-in-the-utility function, which considers that holding money generates utility to the economic agents. Several simulations were performed to identify how the business cycles respond to shocks. The results indicate that, in addition to technological shocks, monetary shocks are important in explaining business cycles in the Brazilian economy during the analyzed period. Their effects on the volatility of real variables, however, were small.

The effects of tariffs on the whole milk powder trade between Brazil and Argentina: a game theoretic analysis

In this paper we analyzed the effects of tariffs on the whole milk powder trade between Brazil and Argentina from 1990 to 2004. The methodology included estimation of whole milk powder demands for Brazil and Argentina as monopolists, members of Mercosul, and world exporters; and simulation of Cournot games considering the trade of this product under alternative tariff policies. The results show that although the tariff impositions create trade distortions, this kind of policy was important to protect Brazil against illegal practices of trade and to increase its competitiveness against traditional international competitors.

Auctioning off Prizes for Agricultural Product Flow under a Policy of Minimum Prices

In this article, we analyze the use of descending clock auctions in the implementation of a minimum pricing policy. This type of auction has been used by the Brazilian government policy of support for agricultural prices since 1997. We propose a clock auction model along the lines used by the Brazilian government and derive its main implications. Based on data from auctions already held and implications of the theoretical model, we conclude that the following factors are crucial to minimize the costs of implementing a minimum price policy via auctions: the choice of product to be auctioned, amount auctioned, reserve price, and the rules used in the implementation of the auction.

Effects of growth and reduction of income inequality on poverty in Northeastern Brazil, 2003-2008

Este artigo teve como objetivo investigar os principais determinantes da desigualdade de renda pessoal e analisar as caracteristicas da inter-relacao entre pobreza, desigualdade e crescimento economico nos estados da regiao Nordeste do Brasil, de 2003 a 2008. Para tal, foram utilizadas decomposicoes baseadas no valor de Shapley. Os resultados mostram que o crescimento foi o principal fator que levou a queda do numero de pobres e indigentes (extremamente pobres). Alem disso, os fatores mais importantes para explicar o nivel de desigualdade de renda pessoal nos estados da regiao Nordeste sao nivel educacao e experiencia profissional.

Determinantes de guerra de preços e conluio no transporte aéreo brasileiro

This paper aims to identify possible patterns of price wars and the formation of collusion by the airlines that operate in the route Rio de Janeiro - Sao Paulo (TAM and GOL) and estimate the conditions that facilitated the two phenomena in the period 2002 - 2010. To this end, we used game theory, economic theory of cartels and logit models as analytical tools. The results show that the determinants of these two phenomena are different for each airline: TAM had a higher probability of collusion formation than GOL in the analyzed period, while the latter was more likely to enter a price war than in collusion. Furthermore, the variables used in this study could not explain the probability of TAM practice price war.