Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro

Flebotomíneos de municípios do norte do estado do Paraná, sul do Brasil

This work reports the results of sandfly collections in several places, during 2001 and 2002, in Bom Sucesso, Jardim Alegre, Kalore, Londrina and Sabaudia municipalities, North of the State. The sandflies catches were performed with Shannon and Falcao traps in domiciliary areas, domestic animal shelters, barns and in the forest. A total of 4,019 specimens of 8 species were captured. Nyssomyia whitmani predominates in all of the municipalities. The species Migonemyia migonei, Nyssomyia neivai and N. whitmani may be involved in the epidemiology of American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis in this state.

Informações preliminares sobre flebotomíneos do norte do Paraná

The results from sandfly collections in 10 municipalities in Parana State, Brazil are reported. The captures were done using Falcao traps in homes, domestic animal shelters and forested areas, from 1999 to 2002. A total of 13,653 sandflies were collected from 10 species of the genera Brumptomyia, Expapillata, Evandromyia, Migonemyia, Pintomyia, Nyssomyia and Psathyromyia. The species Nyssomyia neivai was predominant in five municipalities. N. whitmani predominated in the other five, in greater numbers than for N. neivai in the first five municipalities. High frequencies of sand flies were found in forests, homes, pigpens and henhouses. Investigations on the participation of domestic animals and phlebotomine fauna in the epidemiology of tegumentary leishmaniasis should be routine in health surveillance, especially where this disease is endemic.

Estudo dos hábitos alimentares de flebotomíneos em área rural no sul do Brasil

OBJETIVO: Investigar a composicao especifica e aspectos da preferencia alimentar de flebotomineos em relacao aos animais domesticos existentes em area endemica de leishmaniose tegumentar americana. METODOS: Os flebotomineos foram coletados nos meses de janeiro a abril de 2004, das 20 as 24h, numa area situada a 40 m de uma das residencias de um sitio localizado no municipio de Mandaguari, PR, sul do Brasil. Foram usadas quatro armadilhas luminosas de Falcao, instaladas a 5 m de distância uma da outra, ao lado de uma gaiola, cada uma delas contendo isca animal (suino, cao, coelho e galinha). RESULTADOS: Foram coletados 1.697 exemplares de flebotomineos, das especies: Nyssomyia whitmani, Pintomyia fischeri, Migonemyia migonei, Nyssomyia neivai, Pintomyia pessoai e Psathromyia shannoni, predominando N. whitmani. Nao houve preferencia alimentar dos flebotomineos em relacao aos animais investigados. CONCLUSOES: Verificou-se que N. whitmani e P. fischeri sao oportunistas e, provavelmente, as femeas ajustam os seus habitos alimentares a disponibilidade de hospedeiros, sugerindo o ecletismo alimentar desstes insetos nos ambientes antropicos.

Distribuição geográfica e características epidemiológicas da leishmaniose tegumentar americana em áreas de colonização antiga do Estado do Paraná, Sul do Brasil

This study analyzes the epidemiology of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in the municipalities of the Central North, Central West, and Northwest mesoregions of Paraná State, Brazil. Diagnosis of American tegumentary leishmaniasis cases was performed at the State University in Maringá from 1987 to 2004. According to the probable site of infection, cases were classified as autochthonous (infection inside the household domain) or allochthonous (outside the household domain). Municipalities with the most cases were Maringá (458), Doutor Camargo (126), São Jorge do Ivaí (121), Terra Boa (114), Cianorte (98), and Colorado (95). Of the total of 1,938 cases, 66.9% were male. Among the 667 autochthonous cases, similar numbers of men and women were infected, with cases in minors as young as five years of age, with the latter not occurring in the 794 allochthonous cases. Conditions favoring American tegumentary leishmaniasis were created in the processes involved in occupying the rural areas of these mesoregions, particularly in the agricultural settlement model and the crisis in coffee monoculture.

Avaliação de medidas de controle de flebotomíneos no Município de Lobato, Estado do Paraná, Sul do Brasil

Sandfly control measures were evaluated at the Da Barra Ranch, Lobato municipality, Paraná State, Brazil. The insects were captured with Falcão traps in houses, a cattle corral, and a forest area from July to November 1999 and from February to June 2000. In December 1999 and January 2000 the following measures were taken to decrease the sandfly density in peridomiciliary areas and domiciles: (i) screens were placed on windows of buildings (domiciles, dormitory, cafeteria); (ii) all organic material was cleaned from the peridomiciliary area; and (iii) buildings were sprayed for insects. There were more Nyssomyia whitmani, Pintomyia fischeri, P. monticola, and Brumptomyia brumpti specimens in the former period, while N. neivai, Migonemyia migonei, and N. pessoai predominated in the latter. In the initial period most of the sandflies were captured in the forest and in the latter period in the houses. The sandfly control measures did not reduce the sandfly population on the Da Barra Ranch, but they led to significant proportional changes in the insect fauna composition.

Avaliação de medidas de controle de flebotomíneos no norte do Estado do Paraná, Brasil

Sandfly captures from April 2001-September 2002 were compared to those from October 1996-September 1997 and October 1998-April 2000 in order to evaluate control procedures conducted in Recanto Marista in the county of Doutor Camargo, Paraná State, Brazil. Sandflies were captured with Falcão traps twice a month, both in the domiciles and henhouses, from 10 PM to 2 AM. In 2001-2002, 199,821 sandflies were captured, with an hourly average of 1,625.5 insects; average captures in 1996-1997 and 1997-1998 were 1,641.9 and 806.7, respectively. Nyssomyia neivai was the most abundant species (90.4%) in all habitats. This species, together N. whitmani, Migonemyia migonei, and Pintomyia fischeri, accounted for 99.9% of all the specimens captured. The total hourly average sandfly captures increased, but 85% of these insects were captured in henhouses built with the purpose of attracting sandfly specimens, while the density decreased in other environments, especially intradomiciliary.

Avaliação da disponibilidade de medicamentos genéricos em farmácias e drogarias de Maringá (PR) e comparação de seus preços com os de referência e similares

The discussion about the implementation of generics has being carried trough since 1976 in Brazil. However, just in 1991 a project which proposes the implantation of generic medicines has been elaborated. The Law 9787 (called Law of the Generic medicines) has been only published in Diario Oficial da Uniao in February 11th, 1999. The objectives of this work had been to verify generic medicine availability in pharmacies and drugstores, as well as comparing their prices in relation with the similars and the references. The generic availability was verified in 22 pharmacies and drugstores in Maringa city, state of Parana, from October, 30th to November, 20th ,2002. In a total of 222 active principles available in Brazil as generic, 71 (32%) had been found. Those generic medicines sold not under special control are in average 42% cheaper than the reference and 15% cheaper than the similar ones. Those generic medicines with red label, sold under special control, are in average 36% cheaper than the reference and 12% cheaper than the similar ones. The generic medicines with black label are 37% cheaper than the reference and 14% cheaper than the similars ones.

Snakebites in the Brazilian Amazon: Current Knowledge and Perspectives

Although important efforts were carried out during the past decades in Brazil to understand and control snakebite envenomings, important gaps remain for the fulfillment of these goals, particularly in the Amazon region. Bothrops atrox is the most important venomous snake in the Brazilian Amazon, causing 80–90% of the snake envenomings in the region. In the Brazilian Amazon, Bothrops envenoming shows pain, swelling, regional lymphadenopathy, ecchymosis, blistering, and necrosis as the most common local clinical manifestations. Secondary bacterial infections were observed in around 40% of the Bothrops snakebites. Spontaneous systemic bleeding and acute renal failure are common systemic complications after Bothrops envenomings. It is difficult for riverine and indigenous populations to reach health centers for treatment of snakebites. As a result, the number of cases detected officially is probably underestimated. Current antivenoms (AVs) require conservation in adequate facilities, which are not always available in remote settings. In addition, training of multidisciplinary teams is not always appropriate for indigenous health services regarding AVadministration, side effect management, and case monitoring and surveillance. Although clinical research related to venomous animal injuries has increased, most publications are based on case reports and lack methodological rigor. Moreover, outcome definitions, such as severity ranking criteria, were empirically established, making the results even less generalizable. Clinical research from hospital-based studies and community observational studies are needed. In addition to all the above recommendations, the importance of international cooperative efforts toward the control of these neglected health problems through international partnerships, namely, with other Amazonian countries, is highlighted.

Foci of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in northern Paraná State, Brazil.

American tegumentary leishmaniasis is endemic in the State of Paraná, with 99.3% of the cases reported in the South of Brazil. Spatial distribution of the disease in northern Paraná was verified, identifying the most relevant geographic areas in epidemiological terms. The study used data recorded on epidemiological forms from the Teaching and Research Clinical Test Laboratory of the State University in Maringá, from 1987 to 2004. The study only included individuals that were infected in the municipalities (counties) in northern Paraná. Identification of the epidemiological units (poles and circuits) was based on spatial density of cases, according to the model proposed by the National Health Foundation, considering the most likely infection sites. Considering 1,933 reported cases, 1,611 were infected in northern Paraná. American tegumentary leishmaniasis distribution in Paraná State suggests two circuits for production of the disease: Paraná-Paranapanema, highlighting the Cinzas-Laranjinha, Tibagi, Ivaí-Pirapó, Piquiri, and Baixo Iguaçu poles, and Ribeira, highlighting the Alto Ribeira pole.No Estado do Parana, a leishmaniose tegumentar americana e endemica, com 99,3% dos casos registrados no Sul do Brasil. Verifica-se a distribuicao geografica da doenca no norte desse estado, identificando-se as areas territoriais de maior importância epidemiologica. O estudo foi realizado com dados registrados em fichas epidemiologicas do Laboratorio de Ensino e Pesquisa em Analises Clinicas da Universidade Estadual de Maringa, de 1987 a 2004. Consideraram-se apenas os individuos que se infectaram nos municipios no norte do Parana. A identificacao das unidades epidemiologicas (polos e circuitos) foi feita com base na densidade espacial dos casos, conforme o modelo da Fundacao Nacional de Saude, considerando-se as localidades mais provaveis de infeccao. De 1.933 casos de leishmaniose tegumentar americana registrados, 1.611 se infectaram em areas no norte do Parana. A distribuicao da endemia no Estado do Parana sugere a existencia de dois circuitos de producao da doenca: circuito Parana-Paranapanema, onde se destacam os polos Cinzas-Laranjinha, Tibagi, Ivai-Pirapo, Piquiri e Baixo Iguacu, e circuito Ribeira, onde se destaca o polo Alto Ribeira.