Demilson Rodrigues dos Santos

Influência da reorganização, da limpeza do peridomicílio e a da desinsetização de edificações na densidade populacional de flebotomíneos no Município de Doutor Camargo, Estado do Paraná, Brasil

Phlebotomine sandfly captures were performed in the domicile, domestic animal shelters, and peridomicile before and after rearrangement, cleaning, and disinsectization. Phlebotomine sandflies were captured with Falcão traps from October 1998 to April 2000 in the Recanto Marista district, Doutor Camargo municipality, Paraná State. The results were compared with those from October 1996 to September 1997. In this survey, 122,616 phlebotomine sandflies were captured using 10 traps, as compared to 157,983 in the previous period, with 6 traps. Lutzomyia neivai predominated in both periods. During the former period an hourly average of 1,641.9 phlebotomine sandflies were captured as compared to 806.7 in the latter. The results with four traps installed in the same locations shows that the hourly average was 1,318.8 in the former period and 156.0 in the latter. The large reduction in the number of phlebotomine sandflies captured in the second period may be due to the impact of alterations in the environment and the disinsectization of the buildings after the first period.

Informações preliminares sobre flebotomíneos do norte do Paraná

The results from sandfly collections in 10 municipalities in Parana State, Brazil are reported. The captures were done using Falcao traps in homes, domestic animal shelters and forested areas, from 1999 to 2002. A total of 13,653 sandflies were collected from 10 species of the genera Brumptomyia, Expapillata, Evandromyia, Migonemyia, Pintomyia, Nyssomyia and Psathyromyia. The species Nyssomyia neivai was predominant in five municipalities. N. whitmani predominated in the other five, in greater numbers than for N. neivai in the first five municipalities. High frequencies of sand flies were found in forests, homes, pigpens and henhouses. Investigations on the participation of domestic animals and phlebotomine fauna in the epidemiology of tegumentary leishmaniasis should be routine in health surveillance, especially where this disease is endemic.

Ecologia de Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) whitmani em área urbana do município de Maringá, Paraná

OBJETIVOS: Estudar a fauna, a frequencia horaria e a sazonalidade de flebotomineos em abrigos de animais silvestres, perimetro urbano.. METODOS: No Parque do Inga, perimetro urbano do municipio de Maringa, PR, foram coletados flebotomineos com armadilha de Shannon (AS) e com armadilhas de Falcao (AF). As coletas com AS foram feitas na margem do corrego Moscados, das 18h as 6h. As coletas com AF foram realizadas em abrigos de aves, mamiferos e repteis silvestres, das 20h as 24h. Com ambos os metodos as coletas foram feitas duas noites ao mes, de outubro de 1998 a setembro de 2000. RESULTADOS: Nas As coletaram-se 13.656 flebotomineos, com predominio de Lutzomyia whitmani (98,7%). Coletaram-se 4.040 flebotomineos, prevalecendo novamente L. whitmani (96,3%). Nas AS L. whitmani foi mais frequente entre 0h e 2h. Nas AS, esta especie foi mais frequente no mes de agosto (55,1%), e nas AF em marco (19,2%) e novembro (15,9%) de 1999, e em agosto (20,6%) de 2000. Coletaram-se mais flebotomineos nas AF instaladas nos abrigos de mamiferos (84,0%). CONCLUSOES: Foi nitido o predominio de L. whitmani no Parque do Inga; o pico maior de frequencia de L. whitmani em AS e no mes de agosto e nas AF, em marco e novembro; o pico de atividade de L. whitmani ocorre entre 0h e 2h.OBJETIVOS: Estudar a fauna, a frequencia horaria e a sazonalidade de flebotomineos em abrigos de animais silvestres, perimetro urbano.. METODOS: No Parque do Inga, perimetro urbano do municipio de Maringa, PR, foram coletados flebotomineos com armadilha de Shannon (AS) e com armadilhas de Falcao (AF). As coletas com AS foram feitas na margem do corrego Moscados, das 18h as 6h. As coletas com AF foram realizadas em abrigos de aves, mamiferos e repteis silvestres, das 20h as 24h. Com ambos os metodos as coletas foram feitas duas noites ao mes, de outubro de 1998 a setembro de 2000. RESULTADOS: Nas As coletaram-se 13.656 flebotomineos, com predominio de Lutzomyia whitmani (98,7%). Coletaram-se 4.040 flebotomineos, prevalecendo novamente L. whitmani (96,3%). Nas AS L. whitmani foi mais frequente entre 0h e 2h. Nas AS, esta especie foi mais frequente no mes de agosto (55,1%), e nas AF em marco (19,2%) e novembro (15,9%) de 1999, e em agosto (20,6%) de 2000. Coletaram-se mais flebotomineos nas AF instaladas nos abrigos de mamiferos (84,0%). CONCLUSOES: Foi nitido o predominio de L. whitmani no Parque do Inga; o pico maior de frequencia de L. whitmani em AS e no mes de agosto e nas AF, em marco e novembro; o pico de atividade de L. whitmani ocorre entre 0h e 2h.

Leishmaniose tegumentar americana canina em municípios do norte do Estado do Paraná, Brasil

American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) is an endemic disease in northern Parana State, where it affects humans and dogs. This study aimed to verify the occurrence of the canine disease in ACL endemic areas. From September 1999 to July 2002, dogs were investigated in 7 rural areas of 5 municipalities where autochthonous human cases of ACL had been reported. Parasitological and serological methods were used. Fourteen of 67 dogs studied (20.9%) had lesions suggestive of ACL, of which 3 (21.4%) were infected with Leishmania sp. Indirect immunofluorescence for Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis was positive in 37 (55.2%) of 67 dogs. The results showed that human and canine ACL occur simultaneously and indicate the need for additional studies to elucidate the role of dogs in the ACL transmission cycle in the area studied.

Reorganization and cleanness of peridomiciliar area to control sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) in South Brazil

The objective of the present work was to evaluate the impact of the reorganization and cleaning of the peridomicily seeking the control of Phlebotominae vectors of Leishmania. Collections of insects were made in domestic animal shelters and in peridomiciliar area located in Jussara farm, Municipality of Jussara, State of Parana, Brazil where cutaneous leishmaniasis has been endemic. The collections were accomplished five nights for month of the 21:00pm for fie hours, in 1996 and 1997. The results were compared the those obtained in the same places in 1992 and 1994. After the collections of 1992 peridomiciliar area was cleaned and organic matter was removed and domestic animals were reallocated. In 1992, 1994 and 1996/97, 10, 7 and 12 Phlebotominae species were observed. Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) whitmani was predominant species in whole the collection. The total population of phlebotomine in 1992 was 64,725. After the reorganization measures and cleaning the phlebotomine population decrease in 90%. In 1996/97 the environmental conditions retaked the patterns of the beginning of the work and the population increased for 61.51%. The present work demonstrates that the reorganization and cleaning of the peridomicily can take to a decrease in the Phlebotominae population and like this to decrease the risk of transmission of Leishmania in endemic areas.

Flebotomíneos coletados em matas remanescentes e abrigos de animais silvestres de zoológico no perímetro urbano de Maringá, sul do Brasil. Estudo preliminar

The present study was undertaken after the detection of one case of cutaneous leishmaniasis with presumed infection in one of the three remaining wooded areas in the urban area of the city of Maringa, Southern Brazil; also in view of the lack of knowledge about sand flies and their behavior. From June to September, 1995, sand flies were caught with Falcao traps during the night in the remaining wooded areas (Parque do Inga, Bosque Dois and Horto Florestal). A total of 2,907 sand flies were caugth in Parque do Inga; 1,723 of them were aught in forest traps and 1,184 in wild animal shelter traps at the zoo. The results show that Lutzomyia whitmani is better adapted to the three areas under study and that it frequently occurs in wild animal shelters within the urban perimeter of Maringa.The present study was undertaken after the detection of one case of cutaneous leishmaniasis with presumed infection in one of the three remaining wooded areas in the urban area of the city of Maringá, Southern Brazil; also in view of the lack of knowledge about sand flies and their behavior. From June to September, 1995, sand flies were caught with Falcão traps during the night in the remaining wooded areas (Parque do Ingá, Bosque Dois and Horto Florestal). A total of 2,907 sand flies were caught in Parque do Ingá; 1,723 of them were aught in forest traps and 1,184 in wild animal shelter traps at the zoo. The results show that Lutzomyia whitmani is better adapted to the three areas under study and that it frequently occurs in wild animal shelters within the urban perimeter of Maringá.

Avaliação de medidas de controle de flebotomíneos no Município de Lobato, Estado do Paraná, Sul do Brasil

Sandfly control measures were evaluated at the Da Barra Ranch, Lobato municipality, Paraná State, Brazil. The insects were captured with Falcão traps in houses, a cattle corral, and a forest area from July to November 1999 and from February to June 2000. In December 1999 and January 2000 the following measures were taken to decrease the sandfly density in peridomiciliary areas and domiciles: (i) screens were placed on windows of buildings (domiciles, dormitory, cafeteria); (ii) all organic material was cleaned from the peridomiciliary area; and (iii) buildings were sprayed for insects. There were more Nyssomyia whitmani, Pintomyia fischeri, P. monticola, and Brumptomyia brumpti specimens in the former period, while N. neivai, Migonemyia migonei, and N. pessoai predominated in the latter. In the initial period most of the sandflies were captured in the forest and in the latter period in the houses. The sandfly control measures did not reduce the sandfly population on the Da Barra Ranch, but they led to significant proportional changes in the insect fauna composition.

Luz e galinhas como fatores de atração de Nyssomyia whitmani em ambiente rural, Paraná, Brasil

OBJECTIVE To verify the influence of traps with electric light and hens as factors that attract sandflies and compare results between capture methods. METHODS The study was conducted in the Palmital Farm, Southern Brazil. Sandfly collections were conducted with Falcão traps and an electric aspirator, fortnightly, between 8 p.m. and 11 p.m. in the presence or absence of light and hens in peridomiciliary areas, from September 1998 to June 1999. RESULTS A total of 43,767 specimens from eight species of sandflies were collected: Nyssomyia whitmani, N. neivai and Migonemyia migonei constituting 99.9% of the total collected, with predominance of N. whitmani. The number of this species collected inside the hens shed in the presence of hens (21,045) was greater than in their absence (10,434). In the presence of hens, with distinct intensities of light, a larger number of N. whitmani samples were collected with 3W light. In the presence of hens and light (3W), the number of N. whitmani collected with the electric aspirator (5,141) was superior to that collected with the Falcão trap (1,675). In the absence of light, with or without the presence hens, there was no difference between the numbers of N. whitmani collected with the electric aspirator or the Falcão trap. CONCLUSIONS Hens and electric light together attract more N. whitmani to peridomicilary areas. The number of N. whitmani collected with an electric aspirator inside a hens shed with the presence of hens and light is greater than those collected with a Falcão trap in the same conditions.

Avaliação de medidas de controle de flebotomíneos no norte do Estado do Paraná, Brasil

Sandfly captures from April 2001-September 2002 were compared to those from October 1996-September 1997 and October 1998-April 2000 in order to evaluate control procedures conducted in Recanto Marista in the county of Doutor Camargo, Paraná State, Brazil. Sandflies were captured with Falcão traps twice a month, both in the domiciles and henhouses, from 10 PM to 2 AM. In 2001-2002, 199,821 sandflies were captured, with an hourly average of 1,625.5 insects; average captures in 1996-1997 and 1997-1998 were 1,641.9 and 806.7, respectively. Nyssomyia neivai was the most abundant species (90.4%) in all habitats. This species, together N. whitmani, Migonemyia migonei, and Pintomyia fischeri, accounted for 99.9% of all the specimens captured. The total hourly average sandfly captures increased, but 85% of these insects were captured in henhouses built with the purpose of attracting sandfly specimens, while the density decreased in other environments, especially intradomiciliary.

Impacto de alterações ambientais na ecologia de flebotomíneos no sul do Brasil

Tree felling around a chicken coop and periodic insecticide spraying at the Palmital farm in the county of Terra Boa in southern Brazil impacted the ecology of sand fly species. The most prevalent species (51.6%) before clearing the trees and insecticide spraying was Lutzomyia migonei (França, 1920), and it is now Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) whitmani (Antunes & Coutinho, 1939) (89.8%). There was a highly significant difference between the proportions of L. whitmani reported by this paper (89.8%) and another publication before the tree felling and insecticide spraying (32,6%).