Aline Grill Gomes

Expectativas e sentimentos da gestante em relação ao seu bebê

The mothers relationship with her baby is constructed since the prenatal period and is infl uenced by her expectations regarding the baby and the interaction she establishes with him/her. This fi rst relationship serves as a prelude of the mother-infant relationship established after birth. The aim of this study was to investigate the pregnant womens expectations and feelings regarding the baby. Thirty-nine primiparous pregnant women, in the last trimester of gestation, aged 19 to 37, took part in this study. The pregnant women were individually interviewed and their answers were examined through content analysis. The results indicated that, since pregnancy, mothers try to give the baby more identity, holding expectations and feelings regarding his/her sex, name, psychological characteristics, health, besides interacting with him/her. This seems to constitute an important investment for the babys psychic constitution, besides enabling mothering.

Gestação e a constituição da maternidade

*# ¶ * RESUMO. Na gravidez ocorrem mudancas biologicas, somaticas, psicologicas e sociais que influenciam a dinâmica psiquica individual e as demais relacoes sociais da gestante, e maneira como ela vive estas mudancas repercute intensamente na constituicao da maternidade e na relacao mae-bebe. Assim sendo, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os sentimentos das gestantes sobre a maternidade, com destaque para a relacao entre o periodo gestacional e a constituicao da maternidade. Participaram do estudo 39 gestantes primiparas, entre 19 e 37 anos, no terceiro trimestre de gestacao. A analise de conteudo qualitativa das entrevistas mostrou que as gestantes passaram por importantes transformacoes corporais, pessoais e interpessoais durante a gestacao e vivenciaram intensos sentimentos em relacao ao tornar-se mae. Os achados sugerem que na gestacao o processo de constituicao da maternidade esta em intenso desenvolvimento, assim como o proprio exercicio ativo do papel materno. Palavras-chave : gestacao, maternidade, relacao mae-bebe. PREGNANCY AND MOTHERHOOD

Expectativas e sentimentos de pais em relação ao bebê durante a gestação

According to the psychoanalytical, theoretical framework, the father-infant relationship established during pregnancy, through the construction of a mental image of the infant andthrough father-infant interaction, has important consequences for the father-infant relationship after the birth. The aim of this study was to investigate the expectations and feelings of the father-to-be regarding his baby. Thirty-five first-time fathers, aged 21 to 40, who lived with the babys mothers, participated in this study. The mothers were all primiparas. The fathers were interviewed individually at home. An analysis of qualitative content revealed that few fathers reported difficulties in imagining the baby. In general, they showed that they had already constructed a mental image of the baby, imagining its physical and psychological characteristics, as well as its sex. They also participated in the choice of the babys name and expressed concerns as to the childs health.

Psicoterapia breve pais-bebê: revisando a literatura

Este artigo apresenta uma revisao da literatura a respeito da psicoterapia breve pais-bebe. Inicialmente sao apresentados aspectos historicos, desde o surgimento da psicoterapia breve, passando pelas formulacoes teoricas que enfatizaram a importância das relacoes iniciais pais-bebe ate a constituicao do campo da psicoterapia breve pais-bebe propriamente dita. Constata-se que varias abordagens compoem o panorama atual das psicoterapias pais-bebe, as quais apresentam uma ampla diversidade de referenciais teoricos e tecnicos. Foram tambem revisados, em particular, estudos empiricos sobre a utilizacao dessa abordagem no contexto da depressao materna. Por fim, apresentam-se os procedimentos utilizados pelos autores deste artigo em uma pesquisa em andamento envolvendo o atendimento psicoterapico breve pais-bebe em familias com maes deprimidas. Essa abordagem tem se mostrado efetiva na promocao de um melhor relacionamento mae-pai-bebe na presenca sintomas depressivos da mae.

Evolução dos modelos de pesquisa em psicoterapia

Abstract This study presents a non-systematic review of literature on psychotherapy assessment studies, describing and discussing the th ree mainfeatures for its undertaking: efficiency, effectiveness and process. The results showed a significant evolution in the developm ent of researchon the subject beginning with pioneering studies, progressing through efficiency and effectiveness studies (which are still cur rent and dominant)and arriving at the study of the psychotherapy process, especially through case studies conducted in a variety of fashions. How ever, it mayalso be observed that many doubts and unanswered questions persist in the psychotherapy assessment research field. New investig ationsinto the psychotherapeutic process may help to close these gaps.Uniterms : Psychotherapy. Efficiency. Effectiveness and psychotherapeutic process. 1 Apoio: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (Projeto no 481594/2004-3). 2 Complexo de Ensino Superior de Ca choeirinha. R. Silverio Manoel da Silva, 160, Colinas, 94940-243, Cachoeirinha, RS, Brasil. Corr espondenciapara/

Impressões e sentimentos de gestantes em relação à ultra-sonografia obstétrica no contexto de normalidade fetal

The aim of this study was to investigate the impressions and feelings of pregnant women concerning obstetric ultrasound in the context of fetal normality. Eleven primiparous pregnant women, ages 18 to 35 and with 11 to 24 weeks of gestation, who were undergoing ultrasound examinations for the first time, took part in the study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted before, during and three weeks after the examination. Qualitative content analysis of the interviews revealed that the examination rendered an experience of satisfaction and intensity; is important as it allows for the baby to be known before birth; promotes the feeling of concreteness of both the pregnancy and the baby; informs about the babys health, enabling early interventions. Repercussions of the examination also involved greater contact and care of the pregnant women from relatives. Obstetric ultrasound seems to be a remarkable moment during pregnancy, deserving attention from relatives and, especially, from the health professionals involved.

A ultra-sonografia obstétrica e a relação materno-fetal em situações de normalidade e anormalidade fetal

Abstract Nowadays the obstetric ultrasound is considered a prenatal period routine. This procedure has inaugurated a new contact with theintrauterine world, and has anticipated in fant’s real data concerning. It is possible to know the infant’s sex, visualize phys ical characteristicsand movement patterns, as well as to diagnose fetal abnormality. Therefore it is possible to affirm the increase of ultrasound use may affectparent-fetus relationship. Several studies have been carried out concerning the psychological implications of obstetric ultraso und on mother-fetus relationship. The present article reviews the main findings of these studies stressing both the fetal normality and abnor mality situations.Even though there is no consensus regarding the impact of ultrasound on mother-fetus relationship, the studies are unanimous ab out theemotional impact of this exam in normal and, especially, in abnormal cases. It is necessary to attend to the psychological as pects of thisexamination and to its potential effect on parent-infant relationship.Key words : fetal abnormality; pregnants; maternal-fetus relationship; obstetric ultrasound.

Malformação no bebê e maternidade: aspectos teóricos e clínicos

Resumo Este trabalho apresenta uma revisao de estudos teoricos e clinicos acerca da ma- ternidade no contexto de malformacao do bebe. Inicialmente se discute o impacto do diagnostico no psiquismo materno e na relacao mae-bebe e, num segundo momento, as intervencoes psicologicas utilizadas nestas situacoes. Inquestionavelmente, o diagnostico de malformacao no bebe se revela como sendo uma experiencia psiquica bastante complexa e dificil para a mae, implicando em prejuizos psiquicos para ela e, consequentemente, para a relacao mae-bebe. Ademais, percebe-se que a representacao mental que a mae constroi acerca do bebe pode assumir um papel limitador ou potencializador do desenvolvimento psiquico do bebe. Os estudos destacam o quanto a representacao psiquica materna merece ser examinada neste contexto de malformacao, visando eventuais intervencoes clinicas. A psicoterapia breve pais-bebe tem se mostrado uma tecnica eficiente para acessar estas representacoes e redimensiona-las a favor de um crescimento psiquico mais saudavel, tanto da mae como do bebe. Assim, e importante que a malformacao nao seja tratada somente nos seus aspectos fisicos e funcionais, mas tambem na sua dimensao psiquica. Palavras-chave: malformacao, maternidade, revisao teorica, psicoterapia breve.

Psicoterapia pais-bebê no contexto de malformação do bebê: repercussões no olhar da mãe acerca do desenvolvimento do bebê

INTRODUCTION: Maternal representations of the infant can be quite distorted when the infant has a malformation. Within this context, there is a need of psychological interventions aimed at helping parents to adapt their psychic representations with the purpose of avoiding projections and conflicts in order to promote the infants physical and psychic development. In this sense, the present study investigated the impact of a short-term mother-infant psychotherapy on the maternal representations of the infants development when the infant had a cardiac malformation. METHODS: The short psychotherapy process (24 sessions) of a mother-infant pair is reported. The authors describe how the issue of life and growth changes throughout treatment. RESULTS: The results evidenced several changes in the maternal representations of the infant, as well as the mothers attitude regarding the search of information on malformation and child care. CONCLUSION: The results emphasize the benefit of short mother-infant psychotherapy for the context of infants malformation, mainly for the maternal representations of the infants development.

Pregnancy and motherhood

*# ¶ * RESUMO. Na gravidez ocorrem mudancas biologicas, somaticas, psicologicas e sociais que influenciam a dinâmica psiquica individual e as demais relacoes sociais da gestante, e maneira como ela vive estas mudancas repercute intensamente na constituicao da maternidade e na relacao mae-bebe. Assim sendo, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os sentimentos das gestantes sobre a maternidade, com destaque para a relacao entre o periodo gestacional e a constituicao da maternidade. Participaram do estudo 39 gestantes primiparas, entre 19 e 37 anos, no terceiro trimestre de gestacao. A analise de conteudo qualitativa das entrevistas mostrou que as gestantes passaram por importantes transformacoes corporais, pessoais e interpessoais durante a gestacao e vivenciaram intensos sentimentos em relacao ao tornar-se mae. Os achados sugerem que na gestacao o processo de constituicao da maternidade esta em intenso desenvolvimento, assim como o proprio exercicio ativo do papel materno. Palavras-chave : gestacao, maternidade, relacao mae-bebe. PREGNANCY AND MOTHERHOOD