Ana Maria Pimenta Carvalho

Percepção do estresse entre enfermeiros que atuam em Terapia Intensiva

Objective: to examine the perception of stress among critical care nurses in critical from a Brazilian university hospital. Methods: a demographic questionnaire was used to gather the sample characteristics data. Perception and level of stress was measured with a known stress inventory. Results: the sample consisted of 12 nurses. The majority of the sample was women (91.7%) women; working 10 to 12 hours per day (75%), and less than a half of them (33.4%) had 5 to 10 years of higher education. More than a half of the sample (66.7%) had signs of physical and/or psychological suffering, which are characteristic of the stress resistance phase. Conclusion: these findings suggest that critical care nurses may need the special attention to prevent the development of stress and its complications.OBJETIVO: o estudo investigou a ocorrencia de estresse entre enfermeiros que atuam na assistencia a pacientes criticos de uma Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos em um hospital universitario. METODOS: utilizou-se um instrumento para descricao sociodemografica da amostra e um inventario para identificar o estresse e a fase em que se encontra. RESULTADOS: a amostra foi composta por 12 enfermeiros, 91,7% do sexo feminino; 75% com carga horaria de trabalho entre 10-12 horas diarias; 33,4% com tempo de formacao universitaria entre 5 e 10 anos. DISCUSSAO: mais da metade dos trabalhadores (66,7%), que assiste pacientes criticos, mostrou sinais de sofrimento fisico e/ou psicologico caracteristicos da fase de resistencia ao estresse. CONCLUSAO: tais achados sugerem a necessidade de atencao a esses profissionais para que seus sintomas nao evoluam para a fase de exaustao.

Obesidade e aspectos psicológicos: maturidade emocional, auto-conceito, locus de controle e ansiedade

The present research aimed to evaluate if obese children showed different results in regard to some psychological variables such as emotional and cognitive development, locus of control, self concept , anxiety and behavioral problems compared to non obese children of same age, sex and school achievement. Subjects were 57 children with ages between 10 and 12 years old. The obese group had 27 children, 14 girls and 13 boys. The criterion for assignment to this group was the value of body mass above 85 percentile. The group of non obese had also 27 children, 15 girls and 12 boys and their body mass index was between 5 and 85 percentiles. There were no differences between the groups in regard to the variables approached. There were signs of psychological suffering in children of both groups. These results do not allow us to associate obesity with psychological or behavioral problems.

Reflexões sobre o ensino da enfermagem e os primeiros contatos do aluno com a profissão

O ensino da enfermagem vem sendo caracterizado pela constante discussao de propostas pedagogicas e implementacao de mudancas curriculares. O objetivo do presente estudo foi refletir sobre a experiencia do estudante de enfermagem relacionada aos primeiros contatos com a profissao, considerando a perspectiva tradicional e as tendencias atuais que imprimem valores e atitudes ao ensino e a pratica. Atualmente, dentro do contexto biopsicosocial e economico-cultural, tem-se considerado a complexidade do homem e o meio em que vive, viabilizando recursos para a formacao de profissionais competentes para lidar com os desafios do seculo XXI. As escolas de enfermagem devem, entao, seguir uma filosofia de ensino a fim de formar pessoas capacitadas para atender as demandas locais e regionais, com compromisso social de mudancas. O que e almejado e um aprendizado participativo, no qual professor e aluno, articulados no processo de aprimoramento do saber, nao percam de vista as visoes humanitarias.

Consumo de drogas lícitas e ilícitas en escolares y factores de protección y riesgo

The aims of the investigation were identify the population that consumes licit and illicit drugs among students of sixth primary, from municipal urban schools of Chiguayante, know the levels of risks and identify risks factors and protection. Descriptive, transversal, correlate study. The instrument applied to 301 students was the Dusy Abreviado. The variables were subjected to a stadistic descriptive - comparative analysis through the test of Chi - Cuadrado de Pearson and ANOVA.There was 60% of the consumers of licit drugs, that began consumption between 8 and 11 years. The prevalence of use of tobacco and alcohol was 18,7% and 16,3% respectively. The 85% of men showed inclination to the consumption, from which 69% is between 11 and 12 years old. There are mainly abusers of licit drugs. The behaviours associated to the personal risk factor were the most relevant, the ones of protection were mainly associated with the micro-social protective factor. All subjects were submitted to different levels of risk.The aims of the investigation were identify the population that consumes licit and illicit drugs among students of sixth primary, from municipal urban schools of Chiguayante, know the levels of risks and identify risks factors and protection. Descriptive, transversal, correlate study. The instrument applied to 301 students was the Dusy Abreviado. The variables were subjected to a statistic descriptive -- comparative analysis through the test of Chi -- Cuadrado de Pearson and ANOVA. There was 60% of the consumers of licit drugs, that began consumption between 8 and 11 years. The prevalence of use of tobacco and alcohol was 18.7% and 16.3% respectively. The 85% of men showed inclination to the consumption, from which 69% is between 11 and 12 years old. There are mainly abusers of licit drugs. The behaviours associated to the personal risk factor were the most relevant, the ones of protection were mainly associated with the micro-social protective factor. All subjects were submitted to different levels of risk.

Auto conceito e imagem corporal em crianças obesas

This study aimed to describe what obese children think about their bodies. The methodological design included two groups - obese and non obese children. The children were asked to answer two instruments that offer a systemized treatment of these questions - the Piers-Harris Self Concept Scale and the Eating Behaviors and Body Image Test. The obese group consisted of 14 girls and 13 boys between 10 and 12 years old, whose body mass index ranged from P85 to P95 or higher. The non obese group consisted of 15 girls and 12 boys in the same age range, whose body mass index ranged from P5 and P<85. The results show that obese children are more dissatisfied about their body and appearance. However, they also identify positive physical characteristics and other personal attributes in themselves. Although less worried, non obese children also demonstrate dissatisfaction. This may be due to cultural pressure with respect to physical appearance.

Familiares de clientes acometidos pelo HIV/AIDS e o atendimento prestado em uma unidade ambulatorial

Durante o desenvolvimento da doenca ocorrem alteracoes no estilo de vida do individuo com HIV/AIDS que suscitam, na familia e no paciente, reacoes de adaptacao as demandas. O presente estudo, realizado no ambulatorio de um centro de referencia para HIV/AIDS, contou com a participacao de oito integrantes do grupo de apoio para familiares de pacientes acometidos pelo HIV/AIDS. Eles responderam a uma entrevista semi-estruturada a partir da qual foram analisados os conteudos de suas falas. Esses familiares referiram dificuldades ao lidar com a doenca e com a agressividade do paciente em relacao ao cuidador. Eles encontraram acolhimento e recursos que proporcionaram melhora da saude e mudancas positivas no paciente, mas queixaram-se da demora no atendimento ambulatorial e dificuldades com o transporte. No grupo de apoio encontraram alivio e conforto. A familia que se propoe a cuidar do paciente deve ser acolhida e auxiliada na adaptacao as mudancas, pela equipe de saude.

Maturidade emocional e avaliação comportamental de crianças filhas de alcoolistas

Children of alcoholics (COAs) have been found to be more vulnerable to emotional and behavioral problems. This study had the aim to assess comparatively children of alcoholics and children of nonalcoholics. The Human Figure Drawing Test was used to assess their cognitive and emotional aspects. To assess mothers behavioral aspects the Rutters Scale was used. Subjects: 20 children of alcoholics (COAs) and 20 children of nonalcoholics (Non-COAs), 9 to 12 years of age, enrolled at elementary school. Each group was composed of 10 boys and 10 girls. Results: children of alcoholics showed difference statistically significant in emotional and behavioral aspects. They showed: shyness, insecurity and low self-esteem. According their mothers opinion they are: impatient, irritable, agitated, disobedient and dependent. The girls of alcoholics showed more emotional and behavioral problems. They showed to be more vulnerable than the boys of alcoholics regarding emotional and behavioral aspects.

Tradução, adaptação e avaliação da consistência interna do Eating Behaviours and Body Image Test para uso com crianças do sexo feminino

This study aimed to translate, adapt and validate the Eating Bahaviours and Body Image Test, to be used with children in a city in upstate Sao Paulo. Study subjects were 261 female students aging from 9 to 12 years. The internal consistency of the instrument was evaluated by means of factorial analysis with varimax rotation. This analysis was accomplished through Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 10.0, revealing two factors. The internal consistency was adequate for the total instrument (Cronbachs a=0.89) and a values were also considered satisfactory for the two factors (1 and 2) (a=0.90 and a=0.80, respectively), which demonstrated that the Eating Bahaviours and Body Image Test is useful for an initial evaluation, tracing symptoms that indicate possible eating behavior disorders. The psychometric characteristics of the original instrument were maintained.

University students' perceived norms of peers and drug use: a multicentric study in five Latin American countries

Este estudo transversal comparou a percepcao dos companheiros de usuarios de drogas em uma amostra de estudantes universitarios da America Latina. Os estudantes de nove universidades, localizadas em cinco paises (Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Honduras e Peru) responderam questionario que abordou questoes sobre o tagagismo, alcool, maconha e cocaina. A analise foi focalizada na comparacao da percepcao e da realidade dos atuais usuarios de drogas. Os resultados confirmaram, de forma geral, a ideia de que os estudantes superestimam o uso de drogas. Resultados inesperados foram identificados em relacao ao uso de alcool. Enquanto os estudantes geralmente superestimam o uso de tabaco, maconha e cocaina, entre seus pares, estimaram com bastante precisao ou subestimaram o uso de alcool entre seus pares. Apesar desse resultado inesperado, este estudo mostra que a percepcao do uso de drogas entre estudantes universitarios da America Latina se comporta de maneira similar ao uso de drogas em outras localidades. Os resultados tambem apoiam a sugestao de que intervencoes, usando retroalimentacao normativa, seriam uteis para fortalecer os programas de prevencao ao uso de drogas, dirigidos aos jovens da America Latina.This cross-sectional study compared perceived peer drug use and actual drug use in a sample of Latin American university students. Students from nine universities in five countries (Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Honduras and Peru) completed a questionnaire that addressed the use of tobacco, alcohol, marijuana and cocaine. Analysis focused on comparing perceptions to actual drug use. The findings largely, but not completely, confirmed the idea that students overestimate peer drug use. The unexpected findings were those relating to alcohol. While students generally overestimated peer use of tobacco, marijuana and cocaine, they accurately estimated or underestimated peer use of alcohol. Apart from the anomalous findings with regard to alcohol, this study shows that perceived drug use relates to actual drug use in Latin America as it does elsewhere. The results also support the suggestion that interventions using normative feedback would be useful to strengthen drug use prevention programs aimed at youth in Latin America.

Suporte relacionado ao cuidado em saúde ao doente com aids: o modelo de comboio e a enfermagem

The objective of the present study was to know the relationship and the exchange of support between patients with AIDS and the people around them. This study is based on the convoy model of social relations, which, as one of its features, presents the network as three concentric circles. Participants were people who were hospitalized and talked about the health care support their received from the people close to them, i.e., those belonging to the internal convoy circle. Most participants described the circle as being composed by a maximum of five members, with relatives being the most common. Health professionals must know patients and their convoy, and be able to recognize them in the pscychosocial and cultural context so as to favor the acceptance of being HIV-positive, the need to make changes to their lifestyle, help with health care and adhere to the treatment.The objective of the present study was to know the relationship and the exchange of support between patients with AIDS and the people around them. This study is based on the convoy model of social relations, which, as one of its features, presents the network as three concentric circles. Participants were people who were hospitalized and talked about the health care support their received from the people close to them, i.e., those belonging to the internal convoy circle. Most participants described the circle as being composed by a maximum of five members, with relatives being the most common. Health professionals must know patients and their convoy, and be able to recognize them in the pscychosocial and cultural context so as to favor the acceptance of being HIV-positive, the need to make changes to their lifestyle, help with health care and adhere to the treatment.