Djatmika

Reflexes of Proto-Austronesia into Buru Language: Preliminary Step of Testing Collins Hypothesis (1981)

This paper intends to explain two issues, the Proto-Austronesian reflex (PAN) into Buru language (Br) and its correspondence with Collinss (1981) view. A PAN top-down approach reconstructed by Blust and Trussel (2015) is employed to see the realization in Buru. The data that have been collected using direct interview are 200 basic vocabulary revised by Blust (1980) and approximately 800 cultural vocabularies. The results identify that (1) Buru speech sounds that tend to innovate from PAN, ie * k, * b, * q, * h, * S, * C, * d , * z, * ay, and * uy; (2) Buru speech sounds that tend to retain, ie * p, * t, * g, * ŋ, * m, * w, * s, * r, * l, * a, * u, * i, * ǝ ; (3) not found PAN * t that change to / f / in Buru as proof of unity with Sula and Taliabo as well as proof of separation with Ambelau language. PAN * t in the initial and middle position only changes to / t /, / n /, and / ø /. Keywords—reflex, Proto-Austronesian, Buru language, Collins hypothesis (1981)

Techniques for Medical Dictionary Translation

̶ The paper is an embedded-case study approaching medical dictionary translation techniques that requires specific skills from the translator. The purposively selected sources of data consist of tropical medicine related entries of the 31st Dorland’s Illustrated Medical Dictionary human and web translations, key informants and respondents. Findings of the study show that seventeen translation techniques such as naturalized and pure borrowings and established equivalent, literal, transposition, explicitation, implicitation, particularization, discursive creation, generalization, reduction, addition, ommision, description, modulation and compensation were detected in human translation. Web translation used the similar techniques except compensation but unintentionally created unintelligible translation. Combined translation techniques such as couplets, triplets and quadruplets were found in both types of translations. It is concluded that techniques for medical dictionary human and web translations as specialised, scientific and non literary translations could apply the existing procedures.

The Phenomena of Brown and Levinsonrs Politeness Strategies Implemented by the Tourism Actors in Kuta Beach Bali

Tourism domain requires its actors not only to well communicate using foreign languages but also understand the proper politeness strategies. Thus, the purpose of this qualitative research is to figure out the best tourism actors’ linguistic politeness strategies to the Japanese tourists in Kuta beach. This research employs Brown and Levinsons politeness theory (1978, 1987) supported with the Japanese speech levels (Kaneko, 2014). The research data are collected through an observation method with the techniques of recording, listening and writing various interactions between the tourism actors and Japanese tourists. Based on the domain, taxonomy, component and cultural thematic analysis (Spradley, 1997), the research resultshows that the phenomenaof the implemented linguistic politeness due tothe sequences of conversation structurewithin the informal situations generally get into themain conversational contents directly without introductionfirst or closing. In this context, the positive politeness strategy is dominating as a service language to the Japanese tourists. However, in the other context, it is also found that some utterance data use first introduction at the beginning of conversation in brief. In this context, the positive politeness strategy is also dominating. At the beginning of direct speech, the researcherdoes not only find the form offutsuugo but alsoteineigomarkers with negative politeness strategy through the respectful linguistic form markersof teineigo (neutral), that is,the use of apology and common polite words at the beginning of speech. In addition to both strategies, there are also bald onrecord and off-record strategywhich depend on the context of situations following each speech event. Keywords— tourism actor; Japanese tourist; linguistic politeness strategy; speech level; beach; Bali

Translation Quality of Expressive Speech Acts : An Implementation of Bald on Record Impoliteness in the Translation Novel qThe Silkwormq

This study reveals how expressive speech acts representing an impoliteness strategy used in the novel. In many cases impoliteness used in speech acts is to make a disharmony relationship, but not in bald on record impoliteness strategy. This strategy explores some other ways to express the speaker’s emotion, feelings, and other psychological condition in responding situations happened. Using the theory of impoliteness proposed by Culpeper this study tries to convey some evidences of implementation at one of the theory of impoliteness strategies. The data is qualitative which is some utterances representing impoliteness and explored in descriptive ones, so that in explaining this uses descriptive-qualitative method. The data is analysed using a content analysis through purposive sampling to get the purpose of study. In assessing the quality of translation uses an assessment model designed by Nababan et,als. in which there are accurate, acceptable and readable aspects. The study results this impoliteness strategy is not the intention of the speaker to attack the hearer’s face. Most of the translation have a medium level of quality. This finding hopefully may contribute to develop a discussion of impoliteness strategy for other objects. Keywords—impoliteness; bald on record impoliteness; descriptive-qualitative; translation quality

The Option Pattern of 'Ngrasani' (Gossiping) Code by Javanese Women in Social Interaction

The present study discusses the option pattern of ngrasani ‘gossiping about someone’ by rural and urban Javanese women when involved in social interaction called rewang ‘taking part in other’s event’, arisan (a regular social gathering where a lottery is conducted), and positive relation among neighbours. The approach operative in the study is sociolinguistic in nature. The research site covers Klaten regency, Central Java, Indonesia. The data were collected by recording conversations among rural and urban Javanese women when they ngrasani (gossiped) about someone in the very social interactions. The research findings reveal that the code options comprised of Bahasa Jawa Ngoko (casual Javanese language), Bahasa Jawa Krama (formal Javanese language), the combination of Ngoko and Krama language, and the combination of Javanese language and Indonesian or even foreign language. The code options used by Javanese women when gossiping about someone envinces that the higher a woman’s social and education class was, the more varied code options she used. By contrast, the lower a woman’s social and education class was, the fewer code options she used. Also, the younger she was, the more varied her language would be. These findings corroborate that correlation is evident between the language a woman speaks and her habits, which are different across ages and education levels. Keywords—code option patterns; ngrasani ‘gossiping about someone’; rural Javanese women; urban Javanese women; social interaction

Vulgar and Obscene Terms in Indonesian Song Lyrics (The Reflection Language Creativity)

Language is dynamic, social, complex, and multimodal, patterned and purposive just as all these kids of behavior. It is characterized from the language creativity emerging in the society as both linguistics and social phenomena. This article brings out the phenomenon of vulgar terms used in Indonesian song lyrics which is pondered belonging as the social language creativity. This research aims to describe the variation of vulgar terms found in Indonesian song lyrics. It takes 50 titles of Indonesian songs popularized between 1998 up to 2017 as the data sources. The data collected comprised of vocabularies and other forms of linguistic unit containing the phenomena of romance, loving, husband and wife relationship and family. The application of content analysis in this article is directed efficiently to describe various kinds of vocabularies or terms representing those phenomena. It focuses mainly on the transformation of general vocabularies toward explicit vulgar and obscene. The research results show that there are variation vocabulary starting implied, express, than clearly explicit and vulgar of various vocabulary who refers to romance, husband and wife relationship, and family. Keywords— vulgar, obscene. language social creativity

Complaints of Indonesian Migrant Workers in Hong Kong to Their Husband Behaviors

Complaints are all utterances that are born out of misery. Therefore, the complaints of IMWs in HK are intended as utterances that show the sorrow of the IMWs. The aim of this research is to find out forms of complaints shown by the IMWs relating to the behavior of their husbands who are staying in Indonesia. This study examines the writings of IMWs published in Iqro and CahayaQu magazines in 2014. The data collected from the selected rubrics, namely La Tahzan and Curahan Hati, Analysis were made based on Appraisal theory The result showed that doubts, sadness, pain, and anger are outnumber than affection and trust to their husbands. Keywords—complaint; migrant worker; behaviors; apparaisal; attitude

GAYA BAHASA, TEKNIK PENERJEMAHAN, DAN KUALITAS TERJEMAHAN DALAM DONGENG DISNEY DWIBAHASA BERJUDUL CINDERELLA: MY BEDTIME STORY DAN TINKERBELL AND THE GREAT FAIRY RESCUE

Yogi Rohana. 2016. Analisis Style, Teknik Penerjemahan, dan Kualitas Terjemahan Dalam Dongeng Disney Dwibahasa Berjudul Cinderella: My Bedtime Story Dan Tinker Bell and the Great Fairy Rescue. Tesis. Pembimbing I : Prof. Drs. Riyadi Santosa, M.Ed., Ph.D., Pembimbing II: Prof. Dr. Djatmika, M.A. Minat Utama Linguistik Penerjemhan, Program Studi S2 Linguistik, Pascasarjana, Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta. ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendeskripsikan style (gaya bahasa) pada literatur anak, teknik penerjemahan yang digunakan, dan kualitas terjemahan dari teks anak tersebut. Gaya bahasa literatur anak ini dianalisis berdasarkan teori Linguistik Sistemik Fungsional (LSF). Jenis literatur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa dongeng anak. Teks jenis ini dipilih karena dongeng merupakan teks yang identik dibacakan pada anak-anak atau sering digunakan untuk menstimulasi perkembangan kebahasaan anak. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan studi kasus terpancang. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa leksis, kelompok nomina, dan klausa dalam dongeng anak terpilih. Sumber data pada penelitian ini adalah teks dongeng anak dwibahasa berjudul Cinderella: My Bedtime Story dan Tinker Bell and the Great Fairy Rescue. Disamping itu terdapat pula data dari informan yang menilai kualitas terjemahan dongeng tersebut. Kemudian data dianalisis berdasarkan teori etnografi Spradley yang terdiri dari empat tahapan analisis, yaitu tahap analisis domain, analisis taksonomi, analisis komponensial, dan analisis tema budaya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dongeng Cinderella: My Bedtime Story memiliki jenis leksis kongruen, dan kelompok nomina simpleks yang membentuk 37 klausa yang didominasi oleh klausa simpleks dan bentuk klausa kompleks parataktik: projeksi-lokusi.. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa dongeng ini berada pada kontinum gaya bahasa cenderung lisan. Dalam teks terjemahannya, dongeng ini tidak mengalami pergeseran gaya bahasa, tetapi pergeseran banyak terjadi pada struktur kelompok nominanya. Dongeng kedua dengan judul Tinker Bell and the Great Fairy Rescue memiliki leksis kongruen dengan variasi leksis inkongruen dan kelompok nominanya sedikit kompleks sehingga membentuk 44 klausa yang terbagi dalam klausa simpleks dan kompleks dengan perbandingan yang sama. Maka disimpulkan teks ini berada pada kontinum gaya bahasa lisan tulis. Pada beberapa klausa, kelompok nomina, dan leksisnya terdapat beberapa pergeseran dalam terjemahannya. Namun demikian pergeseraan tersebut tidak mempengaruhi letak kontimun gaya bahasanya. Pada aspek kualitasnya, kedua dongeng memiliki tingkat keakuratan dan keterbacaan yang baik. Sedangkan pada aspek keberterimaannya, kedua teks kurang berterima karena pemadanan makna yang kurang tepat dan kesalahan kaidah penulisan. Kata Kunci: gaya bahasa, literatur anak, dongeng, teknik penerjemahan, kualitas terjemahan.

ANALISIS KUALITAS TERJEMAHAN TERHADAP ISTILAH-ISTILAH TEKNIS DIDALAM GAME RAGNAROK ONLINE KARYA GRAVITY (Kajian Terjemahan dengan Pendekatan Morfologi)

Penelitian ini membahas tentang kualitas terjemahan istilah-istilah teknis didalam game Ragnarok Online (RO) karya Gravity. Co.Ltd. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Morfologi penerjemahan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1) menemukan apa saja istilah teknis dan proses pembentukan istilah-istilah tersebut didalam game RO; (2) menemukan teknik penerjemahan yang digunakan di dalam game RO; Menemukan hubungan antara penggunaan teknik penerjemahan terhadap proses pembentukan istilah dan unit istilah-istilah didalam game RO(4) mengetahui kualitas terjemahan istilah-istilah teknis didalam game RO. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah video game berjudul Ragnarok Online yang berjenis MMORPG ( Massive Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game ) dan para informan untuk menilai kualitas terjemahannya. Pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara mengkaji sumber data, kuiosioner dan melakukan FGD (Focus Group Discussion). Ditemukan sebanyak 7 proses dalam pembentukan istilah-istilah teknis di dalam game RO , proses pembentukan istilah teknis melalui proses Compounding yang lebih banyak ditemukan. Ditemukan 13 Teknik Penerjemahan yang digunakan oleh penerjemah dalam menerjemahkan istilah-istilah teknis. Untuk kualitas terjemahan istilah-istilah teknis, terjemahannya tergolong akurat, berterima, dan memiliki keterbacaan tinggi. Penggunaan teknik peminjaman-murni yang dominan digunakan disebabkan karena pengaruh domain, tidak mengurangi kualitas terjemahannya. Penggunaan teknik terjemahan peminjaman-murni lebih dominan digunakan pada unit kata tunggal, tetapi jika di dalam bentuk phrase, maka peminjaman-murni tidak lagi mendominan dalam penggunaannya. Penggunaan teknik reduksi-penghilangan, menyebabkan keakuratan dan keberterimaannya tergolong rendah, namun tidak mempengaruhi kualitas terjemahan dari segi keterbacaan. Kata Kunci: istilah teknis, pembentukan istilah, teknik penerjemahan, kualitas terjemahan istilah teknis.

INDONESIAN INFLUENCE IN DEVELOPING SPEAKING SKILL IN LEARNING ENGLISH: EFL LEARNERS’ IMPEDIMENTS

This article describes the Indonesian influence in developing speaking skill in learning English especially as EFL learners’ impediments. Learners speaking skill in learning English is also faced with number of problems such as their L1, social, environment and cognitive challenges related to Foreign Language Acquisition. Many scholars in the fields of language learning and teaching show evidence for L1-FL comparison by the learners when they confronted with difficulties grammatical forms including different grammatical rules, they are unaware to utter those sentences and it is natural for the learners. Since this comparison is implicit, it may result in the wrong formation rules due to an incomplete FL knowledge. In this study, an investigation was done to identify the impact of L1 (Bahasa Indonesia) on EFL learners of State Islamic Institute of Tulungagung, a small district in East Java-Indonesia, in order to get underlying basis of capturing Indonesian influence in developing speaking skill in learning English for the sake of comparing their L1-FL impediments. The study involved qualitative methods of data collection. The data collected from the subjects utterances and responses were analyzed and findings were derived. The findings show that there are number of problems which are found to have impact on EFL learners speaking. Evidence provided by the utterances samples suggests that L1 (Indonesian) played a role in the process of intermediate EFL learners speaking. The impediments include tenses, verb, subject & agreement; word order, wrong chosen word; redundancy-reduction; phonological difficulties. Understanding linguistic differences between learners’ L1 and English may help learners reduce the impact of L1. It can be assumed that a focus on speaking process as a pedagogical instrument is only for EFL learners if attention and supporting environment are given to linguistic development, if the learners are able to get sufficient and effective feedback with regards to their errors in speaking. Key words: Indonesian, influence, speaking, learning English, impediments