Edson Lindolfo da Silva

Exigências Nutricionais de Lisina para Codornas durante a Fase de Postura, em Função do Nível de Proteína da Ração 1

This experiment was carried out to estimate the requirements of total lysine and lysine: crude protein (CP) ratio to laying quails. It was used three hundred and twenty birds offspring from crossing breeding of Japanese and European quails from 60 to 144 days of age, live weight of 178+12 g, fed diet with 20 and 23% of CP, and five rates of lysine (0.80, 0.95, 1.10, 1.25 and 1.40%). A completely randomized experimental design in a factorial scheme 2x5 (two CP levels X five rates of lysine) was used, resulting in ten treatments, each one with four replications of eight layers quail submitted to a light schedules of 17 hours daily and ad libitum fed. The studied variables were obtained in four periods of 21 days. There was effect of lysine rates within CP levels on egg production, with requirements of 1.07% lysine with 20% CP and 1.15% with 23% CP. The 23% CP level increased feed intake, egg production, egg weight and egg mass, and also improved feed to egg mass ratio and feed to egg dozen ratio. The lysine: CP ratio did not was affect (5.3 versus 5.0%) when crude protein diets increase 20 to 23%. Results in the present study suggest increase of quantitatively requirement of lysine of quail layer, but not lysine: CP ratio, when increase CP concentration on diet.

Energia metabolizável de ingredientes determinada com codornas japonesas (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

The experiment one was carried out to determine apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and nitrogen-corrected ME (AMEn) of nine feedstuffs in Japanese quails. The objective of the experiment two was to compare diets formulated with AMEn of corn and soybean meal, usually fed to broilers and laying hens, with diets formulated with AMEn determined in growing (22 days of age) and adult quails (65 days of age). In the experiment one, 400 growing quails were fed a basal diet (BD) and nine test diets (70% BD + 30% feedstuffs test), with a total of ten diets with four replicates of ten birds each. In the experiment two, 160 European quails were randomized allotted to three treatments, with twelve replicates of five birds, and fed during three periods of fifteen days. The AME and AMEn values (kcal/kg) for vegetal feedstuffs were: 3,340 and 3,354 for corn, 2,718 and 2,456 for soybean meal, 3,453 and 3,084 for integral soybean extruded, 1,624 and 1,593 for wheat bran, 4,558 and 3,992 for corn gluten meal, 3,329 and 3,378 for cassava flour and 1,238 and 1,223 to integral mesquite pods meal. The animal feedstuffs had 2,874 and 2,453 for fish meal and 3,090 and 2,791 for poultry meal. The AMEn of corn and soybean meal estimated for quail did not improve feed intake, egg production, egg weight and feed egg mass ratio, supporting the validity of use of energy those ingredients obtained with broiler and laying hens for formulated quail diets.

Efeitos da inclusão do resíduo da semente de urucum (Bixa Orellana L.) na dieta para frangos de corte: desempenho e características de carcaça

Two trials were conducted to evaluate the energetic value and the optimum level of increasing dietary annatto seed by-product (ASB) levels for broiler chick. In the first trial, sixty Ross male broiler chicks (516 + 8.62 g) were fed ad libitum with a basal diet (BD) and a mixture of BD+30% ASB. The first trial was analyzed as a complete randomized design with five replications of six birds. Feces were collected in the morning and afternoon from age 20 to 25 days. In the second trial, 1,190 Ross male broiler chicks were allocated in boxes of 1.5 m2 , analyzed as a complete randomized design with ten replications of 17 birds. The following treatments were used: 0 (control), 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 12.5, and 15.0% ASB from 1 to 21, 22 to 42, and 43 to 47 days old. ASB diet was formulated to contain 12.12% CP and 2,233 kcal AMEn. The 7.5% ASB treatment increased feed intake from 22 to 42 day old, but decreased feed conversion in overall period (1 to 47 days) in relation to the control treatment. Excluding the 0% ASB treatment of variance analysis, carcass and drums yields and drum weight decreased linearly, whereas drumstick yield was optimized with 9.9% ASB in the diet. According to the performance data, it is recommended to include up to 9.9% ASB in the broilers diet.

Redução dos níveis de proteína e suplementação aminoacídica em rações para codornas européias (Coturnix coturnix coturnix)

The effects of feeding nine nutrition plans (NP) on the performance of 576 quails, allotted to a completely randomized design with nine treatments of four replicates of 16 birds, were evaluated in this trial. The following NP were analyzed from 1 to 21 days of age: NP1 = 28% of crude protein (CP), 1.5% lysine (L) and 1.1% methionine + cystine (MC) from 1 to 21 days and 24%CP, 1.3%L and 0.9% MC from 22 to 42 days (control); NP2 = 25.2% CP, 1.23% L and 0.83% MC from 1 to 21 days and of 21.6% CP, 1.0% L and 0.74% MC from 22 to 42 days; NP3 = 22.4% CP, 0.71% MC from 1 to 21 days and 1.2% L and 19.2% CP, 0.64% MC and 0.95% L from 22 to 42 days; NP4 = NP2+L; NP5 = NP3+L; NP6 = NP2+MC; NP7 = NP3+MC; NP8 = NP2+L+MC; and NP9 = NP3+L+MC. The diet supplementation from NP4 to NP9 with L, MC or L+MC aimed to provide values of L and MC similar to NP1. Diets (2,900 kcal ME/kg ) and water were fed ad libitum in both phases. From 1 to 21 days, decreasing dietary crude protein levels from 28 to 22.4% also reduced intake, body weight, weight gain, but did not affect feed conversion. The dietary supplementation with MC increased bird performance. The recommended level of L (1.5%) in a deficient diet in CP (19.2%) and MC (0.71%) decreased quail growth from 1 to 21 days of age. However, meeting the MC requirements decreased dietary CP levels from 28 to 22.4% and from 24 to 19.2%, respectively, for quails from 1 to 21 and 22 to 42 days of age, independent of the lysine supplementation.

Composição química e energia metabolizável de híbridos de milho para frangos de corte

The values of chemical composition and metabolizable energy of 45 hybrid corns were determined in four trials with growing chickens. A total of 1,225, nineteen days old male chicks were used: 350 in the trials 1, 2 and 3 and 175 in trial 4. In the trials 1, 2 and 3 the treatments consisted of 13 test diets, being 13 corn varieties, and the reference diet in each trial. Trial 4 consisted of 7 treatments, being 6 test diets (corn varieties) and the reference. The hybrid corns, replaced 40% of the reference diets in all the trials.. A completely randomized design with five replicates of five birds per cage was used. The diets and water were offered ad libitum for a 7-day period, being four days for adaptation and three for days for excreta collection. A variation of 32% in crude protein - CP (7.79% vs. 11.45%, dry matter basis) was found. The values of gross energy (GE) presented a variation of 5.2%. The higher value observed was 4,668 kcal and the lower value 4,425 kcal/kg. The average value for corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) was 3,744 kcal/kg, with a variation of 15.15% (3,405 to 4,013 kcal/kg). However, it was observed that the two hybrids presenting this variation (608 kcal AMEn/kg DM) had similar GE values (3914 and 3931 kcal GE/kg of DM; 0.36% variation). This variation in the AMEn can possibly be accounted on the coefficient of gross energy metabolization which was 75% for the hybrid with the lowest AMEn and 88% for the hybrid with the highest AMEn. Despite of corn being an energy source , the evaluation of its CP content is important due to the considerable variation in the protein values of the different hybrids found currently. The same is valid for the energy values.

Valores energéticos e composição bromatológica dos fenos de jureminha, feijão bravo e maniçoba para aves

An experiment was carried out to determine the apparent metabolizable energy (AME), apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn) and chemical composition of bravo bean hay (HBB), jureminha hay (HJ) and manicoba hay (HM) for use in birds feeding. Two hundred and eighty, 17 days old broiler chicks were distributed according to a completely randomized design, into seven treatments organized in a factorial arrangement 3 x 2 + 1 (three hay types x two levels of substitution of the reference diet + reference diet), with four repetitions of 10 birds each. The contents of AME and AMEn of jureminha, bravo bean and manicoba hays were 3.205 and 2.911, 2.990 and 2.648, 2.728 and 2.419, respectively, when the ingredients test substituted 15% of the reference diet, and 2.678 and 2.371, 2.875 and 2.523, 2.277 and 1.956, respectively, when the ingredients test substituted 30% of the reference diet. Therefore, the level of substitution of the reference diet by the ingredient test affects AME and AMEn. Jureminha and bravo bean hays presented higher AME and AMEn values than manicoba hay for bird feeding.

Exigências de mantença e de ganho de proteína e de energia em codornas japonesas (Coturnix coturnix japonica) na fase de 1 a 12 dias de idade

This experiment was carried out to estimate the crude protein and metabolizable energy requirements for maintenance and gain of 384 females of Japanese quails from 1 to 12 days of age. A completely randomized design with four treatments, with six replicates of ten birds each, was used. The treatments were: T1 = basal diet (BD) with 28% CP and 2,900 kcal AMEn ad libitum; T2 = 80%; T3 = 60% and T4 = 40% of ad libitum (close to maintenance). In the beginning of the experimental phase, four groups of 15 quails was slaughtered by cervical displacement. Gain requirements were obtained from 12 groups of 15 quails, that were separately reared and fed ad libitum. Therefore, four groups of fifteen birds were slaughtered at 4, 8 and 12 days of age. In the final of the experiment, all birds from pens were slaughtered to estimate maintenance requirements by the comparative slaughter methodology. The prediction equations to estimate daily CP and AMEn requirements of maintenance and gain of Japanese quails from 1 to 12 days of age were: CP (g/d) = 2.845.W.75 + 0.461.G and AMEn (kcal/d) = 77.07.P0.75 + 4.64.G, where CP is crude protein, W is live weight (kg), G is weight gain and AMEn is apparent metabolizable energy nitrogen-corrected (kcal).

Uso da Farinha Integral da Vagem de Algaroba (Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) D.C.) na Alimentação de Codornas Japonesas

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the inclusion levels of integral mesquite pods meal (MPM) (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%) in diet on laying quail performance. Two hundred and sixteen layer quails with 160 days of age and live weight of 189 g were allotted to an experimental design completely randomized. The studied variables were obtained in three periods of 21 days. The 25% of MPM level reduced feed intake and egg mass when compared to control. Except for the control, feed intake, egg production, egg mass production and egg feed mass ratio were quadratically affected. Based on the results of this work, the MPM can be included up to 15% or 150 g/kg in partial corn replacement of isonitrogen and isoenergy diets, without an adverse effect on laying hens quail performance.

Exigências de mantença e de ganho em proteína e energia em codornas japonesas (Coturnix coturnix japonica) na fase de 15 a 32 dias

Um experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de estimar as exigencias de proteina e de energia em 128 femeas de codornas japonesas na fase de 15 a 32 dias de idade, pelo metodo fatorial. Utilizou-se um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso com quatro tratamentos, composto por quatro repeticoes de oito aves. Os tratamentos foram: T1 = dieta basal (DB) com 24,1% de proteina bruta (PB) e 2.900 kcal de energia metabolizavel aparente corrigida pelo balanco de nitrogenio (EMAn) fornecida a vontade; T2 = 80%; T3 = 60% e T4 = 40% do nivel de oferta do T1 (proximo a mantenca). No inicio da fase experimental, quatro grupos (referencia) de 15 codornas foram abatidos por deslocamento cervical, sem perdas de penas e de sangue. Para as estimativas das exigencias de ganho, doze grupos de 15 codornas foram criados paralelamente, alimentados a vontade, e quatro grupos foram abatidos sequencialmente no 22o, 29o e 32o dia. As aves de todas as parcelas foram abatidas no 32o dia, para estimar as exigencias de mantenca. As equacoes de predicao para estimar as exigencias de mantenca e de ganho de codornas japonesas de 15 a 32 dias foram, respectivamente: PB (g/ave/d) = 4,752.P0,75 + 0,843.G e EMAn (kcal/ave/d) = 91,480.P0,75 + 9,32.G, em que PB e a exigencia de proteina bruta; P, o peso vivo (kg); G, o ganho de peso (kg); e EMAn, a energia metabolizavel aparente corrigida pelo balanco de nitrogenio (kcal).

Redução dos níveis protéicos e suplementação com metionina e lisina em rações para poedeiras leves

The effect of decreasing dietary CP and supplementation of lysine and methionine+cystine on the performance of 270 laying hens Lohmann LSL strain was evaluated in this trial. The birds averaging 26 weeks of age were allotted to a stocking rate of 562 cm2/bird as a completely randomized design with five replicate of six birds. The treatments were as follows: T1 = control diet (CD) with 16.5% CP, 0.80% of lysine (L) and 0.70% of methionine+cystine (MC); T2 = 15.25% CP, 0.73% of L and 0.64% of MC; T3 = 14%CP, 0.66% of L and 0.58% of MC; T4 = 15,25% CP with 0.80% of L and 0.64% of MC; T5 = 14% CP with 0.80% of L and 0.58% of MC; T6 = 15,25% CP with 0.73% of L and 0.70% of MC; T7 = 14% CP with 0.66% of L and 0.70 of MC; T8 = 15,25% CP with 0.80% of L and 0.70% of MC and, T9 = 14% CP with 0.80% of L and 0.70% of MC. The diets contained 2,800 kcal of ME. Diets were suppplemented with amino acids at 15.25 and 14.0% of crude protein to show levels of Lys, MC or L+MC similar to control. The birds were fed 110 g of diet/day and water ad libitum and were submitted at a program of light of 17 hours. The variables were evaluated during four periods of 28 days. The decreasing dietary CP from 16.5 to 14% did not affect bird performance, whereas the lysine supplementation of lower protein diet decreased egg production and egg mass and feed:egg mass ratio and feed:egg dozen ratio in relation to control.