Erica Lively

A distributed feedback silicon evanescent laser.

We report an electrically pumped distributed feedback silicon evanescent laser. The laser operates continuous wave with a single mode output at 1600 nm. The laser threshold is 25 mA with a maximum output power of 5.4 mW at 10 degrees C. The maximum operating temperature and minimum line width of the laser are 50 degrees C, and 3.6 MHz, respectively.

An 8

In this paper, we demonstrate single-channel operation of the first InP monolithic tunable optical router (MOTOR) chip designed to function as the packet forwarding engine of an all-optical router. The device has eight-input and eight-output ports and is capable of 40-Gb/s operation per port with bit-error rates below 1E-9. MOTOR integrates eight wavelength-tunable differential Mach-Zehnder semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) wavelength converters with preamplifiers and a passive 8 × 8 arrayed-waveguide grating router. Each wavelength converter employs a widely tunable sampled-grating distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) laser for efficient wavelength switching across the C band and other functions required for 40-Gb/s wavelength conversion. Active and passive regions of the chip are defined through a robust quantum well intermixing process to optimize the gain in the wavelength converters and minimize the propagation losses in passive sections of the chip. The device is one of the most complex photonic integrated circuits (PICs) reported to date, with dimensions of 4.25 mm × 14.5 mm and more than 200 functional elements integrated on-chip. We demonstrate single-channel wavelength conversion and channel switching with this device using 231 - 1 pseudorandom bit sequence (PRBS) data at 40 Gb/s. A power penalty as low as 4.5 dB was achieved with less than 2-W drive power per channel.

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We report a distributed Bragg reflector silicon evanescent laser operating continuous wave at 1596 nm. The lasing threshold and maximum output power are 65 mA and 11 mW, respectively. The device generates open eye-diagrams under direct modulation at data rates up to 4 Gb/s.

8 InP Monolithic Tunable Optical Router (MOTOR) Packet Forwarding Chip

We review here recent work in the area of single wavelength silicon evanescent lasers that utilize distributed feedback, distributed Bragg reflector, and sampled grating distributed Bragg reflector laser topographies.

A Distributed Bragg Reflector Silicon Evanescent Laser

We demonstrate the first InP monolithic tunable optical router with error-free 40 Gbps operation per port. The device has eight wavelength converters and an 8×8 arrayed-waveguide grating router, yielding more than 200 on-chip functional elements.

Single-Wavelength Silicon Evanescent Lasers

Communications interconnects and networks will continue to play a large role in contributing to the global carbon footprint, especially in data center and cloud-computing applications exponential growth in capacity. Key to maximizing the benefits of photonics technology is highly functional, lower power, and large-scale photonics integration. In this paper, we report on the latest advances in the photonic integration technologies used for asynchronous optical packet switching using an example photonic integrated switched optical router, the label switched optical router architecture. We report measurements of the power consumed by the photonic circuits in performing their intended function, the electronics required to bias the photonics, processing electronics, and required cooling technology. Data is presented to show that there is room (potentially greater than 10 ×) for improvement in the router packet-forwarding plane. The purpose of this exercise is not to provide a comparison of all-optical versus electronic routers, rather to present a data point on actual measurements of the power contributions for various photonic integration technologies of an all-optical packet router that has been demonstrated and conclude, where the technology can move to reduce power consumption for high-capacity packet routing systems.

The world's first InP 8×8 monolithic tunable optical router (MOTOR) operating at 40 Gbps line rate per port

We demonstrate a monolithically integrated dual-quadrature coherent receiver with greater than 30 nm widely-tunable SG-DBR local oscillator, signal input SOAs, a 90° optical hybrid and four 10 GHz photodetectors. With 20 Gb/s NRZ-QPSK, we demonstrate a required OSNR of 10 dB for a BER of 10(-3) at four different wavelengths.

Integrated Photonics for Low-Power Packet Networking

We demonstrate a novel technique for free-carrier absorption reduction using an InP buffer layer with quantum well intermixing. Application of this technique enabled fabrication of monolithic tunable optical routers with more than 200 functions.

Monolithically integrated dual-quadrature receiver on InP with 30 nm tunable local oscillator

Single wavelength hybrid silicon evanescent lasers are described based on wafer bonding III-V multiple quantum wells to gratings patterned on a silicon waveguide. Distributed Bragg feedback and distributed Bragg reflector lasers are demonstrated integrated with passive silicon waveguides showing thresholds as low as 25mA and output powers as high as 11mW around 1600nm wavelength.

Novel application of quantum well intermixing implant buffer layer to enable high-density photonic integrated circuits in InP

We demonstrate 10 Gbps error free operation through multiple ports of an InP monolithic tunable optical router consisting of eight input wavelength converters and an 8x8 passive arrayed-waveguide grating router.