Geovergue Rodrigues de Medeiros

Nematóides resistentes a alguns anti-helmínticos em rebanhos caprinos no Cariri Paraibano

The aim of this paper was to evaluate the resistance of nematodes to some anthelmintics in dairy goats in Cariri Paraibano, Brazil. A total of 144 female goats, over 8 months of age, were used in the dry season and 120 ones during the rainy season, divided into four groups: Group I untreated, Group II treated with albendazole 10%, Group III treated with ivermectin 1%, and Group IV treated with levamisole phosphate 18.8%, at doses recommended by the manufacturer. To evaluate the resistance, the reduction in egg count per gram of feces and the cultivation of larval helminths. The fecal samples were collected on the day of treatment and, after 7, 14 and 21 days of treatment. In the group treated with albendazole, 61%, 11% and 24% of efficiency was observed in the dry period, and 55%, 14% and 12% in the rainy season, at 7, 14, and 21 days respectively. In the group treated with ivermectin, efficacy was 14%, 70% and 66% for the dry period, and 76%, 34% and 71% for the rainy season, at 7, 14 and 21 days respectively. The group treated with phosphate Levamisole showed efficacy rates of 89%, 79% and 73% in the dry period, and 76%, 69% and 67% in the rainy season, at 7, 14 and 21 days. The results indicate that the gastrointestinal nematodes of some dairy goats in Cariri Paraibano are not sensitive to the active Albendazole, Levamisole and Ivermectin. During the study, presence of specimens of the genera Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Oesophagostomum and Strongyloides was identified.

Meat quality of lambs fed silk flower hay (Calotropis procera SW) in the diet

The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of using silk flower hay replacing corn and soybean meal on physical-chemical and sensorial traits of lamb meat. It was used 32 intact Morada Nova male lambs (12.7 ± 2 kg initial body weigth) on feedlot system, distributed in a completely randomized design with four levels (0, 15, 30 and 45% on dry matter basis). The use of silk flower hay in the diet influenced quality of meat and carcass, leg weight, tissue composition, moisture, juiciness and flavor. Replacing corn (26.67%) and soybean (3.33%) with silk flower hay does not affect the tissue composition, ratios and muscularity index of leg and physical-chemical parameters of semimembranosus muscle of Morada Nova lambs.

Meat quality of Santa Inês sheep raised in confinement with diet containing cactus pear replacing corn

The objective of this study was to assess the tissue component yields and the physical, chemical and sensory characteristics of meat from Santa Ines sheep fed diets in which cactus pear partially or completely replaced corn. The study used 45 Santa Ines rams with initial live weight of 25±2.5 kg and final weight of 35±1.5 kg in a completely randomized design with five treatments (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) and nine replicates per treatment. The leg of the animal was used to analyze the tissue component yields, and the longissimus dorsi muscle was used for assessment of the sensory characteristics and the physical and chemical compositions. The inclusion of cactus pear in the diet increased the adipose tissue percentage quadratically, up to 50%, reducing the muscle/fat ratio. The lipid content of the meat decreased with the inclusion of cactus pear in the diet. The results indicate that cactus pear can replace 100% of the corn in the diets of Santa Ines sheep kept in confinement, resulting in a decreased lipid percentage and without compromising the physical and sensory characteristics of the meat.

Replacement of goat milk for cattle cheese whey in artificial feeding of Alpine kids

The objective of this work was to evaluate the replacement of whole goat milk for cattle cheese whey in the artificial nursing of alpine kids. The animals were distributed in a complete randomized design in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement made up with four levels of goat milk replacing for cheese whey (0, 15, 30 and 45%) and two sexes (three males and four females per treatment). The inclusion of cheese whey in the diet did not affect the growth of the kids from 7 to 42 days of age. Kids fed whole goat milk showed higher final weights, around 13.0 kg. They intaked 70.0 L/animal of whole goat milk, 172.0 g DM/animal/day of concentrate and they had an average gain of 137.5 g/day. For the kids fed with 15, 30, 45% cheese whey diet, the final weights were 11.1; 9.88 and 10.27 kg; the whole goat milk consumption was 59.5, 49.0 and 38.4 L/animal, the concentrate consumption was 148.0; 117.0 and 135 g DM/animal/day with gains of 122.2; 99.5 and 100.8 g/day, respectively. Food conversion did not differ among diets. The sex effect was evident from the age of 21 days but there was not a treatment × sex interaction. At the end of the work, at 70 days of age, the weight of the males (12.4 kg) was higher than the female weights (10.6 kg). The highest average yield (168.15%) was obtained when the kids received maximum level of whey. Nursing kids with up to 45% of cattle cheese whey is technically viable and increases economic return. However, using whole milk goat for nursing kids in milk cattle is economically unviable.The objective of this work was to evaluate the replacement of whole goat milk for cattle cheese whey in the artificial nursing of alpine kids. The animals were distributed in a complete randomized design in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement made up with four levels of goat milk replacing for cheese whey (0, 15, 30 and 45%) and two sexes (three males and four females per treatment). The inclusion of cheese whey in the diet did not affect the growth of the kids from 7 to 42 days of age. Kids fed whole goat milk showed higher final weights, around 13.0 kg. They intaked 70.0 L/animal of whole goat milk, 172.0 g DM/animal/day of concentrate and they had an average gain of 137.5 g/day. For the kids fed with 15, 30, 45% cheese whey diet, the final weights were 11.1; 9.88 and 10.27 kg; the whole goat milk consumption was 59.5, 49.0 and 38.4 L/animal, the concentrate consumption was 148.0; 117.0 and 135 g DM/animal/day with gains of 122.2; 99.5 and 100.8 g/day, respectively. Food conversion did not differ among diets. The sex effect was evident from the age of 21 days but there was not a treatment × sex interaction. At the end of the work, at 70 days of age, the weight of the males (12.4 kg) was higher than the female weights (10.6 kg). The highest average yield (168.15%) was obtained when the kids received maximum level of whey. Nursing kids with up to 45% of cattle cheese whey is technically viable and increases economic return. However, using whole milk goat for nursing kids in milk cattle is economically unviable.

Use of cactus pear (Opuntia ficus indica Mill) replacing corn on carcass characteristics and non-carcass components in Santa Inês lambs

The objective of this study was to evaluate the biometric and morphometric measures, regional composition, carcass characteristics and non-carcass components of Santa Ines lambs submitted to levels of corn replaced by cactus pear in the diet. It was used 45 Santa Ines non-castrated male lambs, with average initial live weight of 25.50 ± 0.48 kg as a completely randomized block design with five treatments (0; 25; 50; 70 and 100%) and nine replicates. There was an effect of the diet on slaughter weight, empty body weight, hot and cold carcass, cold carcass weight, shoulder weight and loin weight. Cactus pear can replace up to 75% of corn in diets for feedlot Santa Ines lambs, without compromising production, carcass characteristics and production of non-carcass components.

Utilização de adubação orgânica em pastagem de capim-buffel (Cenchrus ciliaris CV. Molopo)

EnglishThe objective of this experiment was to compare with other fertilizer sources the effect of bovine digestive content on structural, morpho-genetic and production characteristics of buffel grass. The study was carried out at Estacao Experimental do Instituto Nacional do Semi-arido, located in Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. A previously implanted pasture of buffel grass, cultivar Molopo was used. Experimental area was split in 24 (4 m2) experimental unities and a completely randomized block in a split plot scheme, split at time. Treatments were 5 and 10 ton of dry matter per ha of digestive content or bovine manure. For mineral fertilizer treatment 40:10:40 formule was used applying 200 kg of mix per ha. There was not interaction between fertilization and time cut (p>0.10). Fertilization influenced (p0.10) of fertilization for leaf/steam ratio, leaf appearence rate and number of green leafes per tiller, whereas effect (p portuguesObjetivou-se analisar e comparar com outras fontes de adubo o efeito da digesta de bovinos sobre caracteristicas estruturais, morfogenicas e de producao do capim buffel. O estudo foi conduzido na Estacao Experimental do Instituto Nacional do Semi-Arido, localizado em Campina Grande, PB, Brasil. Utilizou-se um pasto de capim-buffel cultivar Molopo, ja estabelecido. A area experimental foi dividida em 24 parcelas com 4 m² cada, sendo utilizado um delineamento de blocos completos ao acaso, arranjado em esquema de parcelas subdivididas no tempo. Os tratamentos consistiram da utilizacao de digesta ou esterco bovino (5 e 10 toneladas de materia seca/ha para ambos) e adubacao quimica 200 kg/ha da formula 40:10:40. Nao houve interacao entre a adubacao e epoca de corte (p>0,10). Para a adubacao houve efeito (p0,10) da adubacao para a relacao lâmina foliar/colmo, taxa de aparecimento de folhas e numero de folhas vivas por perfilhos basais, porem observou-se efeito (p

Use of different urea levels in the feeding of Alpine goats

The objective of this study was to evaluate intake, apparent digestibility, ingestive behavior and blood parameters of milking goats fed cactus pear (Opuntia ficus indica) and increasing urea levels in substitution to soybean meal. Ten multiparous Alpine goats with average weight of 31±6.0 kg were used and distributed into (5 × 5) Latin squares and assessed during five 17-day periods, receiving five treatments with the following substitution levels: 0; 5; 10; 15 and 20 g/kg of urea. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF), non-fiber carbohydrates, ether extract, organic matter and water intake values showed differences, whith average values ranging from 1.03 to 1.13; 0.12 to 0.14; 1.76 to 2.10 kg/day and 0.77 to 1.48 kg/day, respectively. The NDF and crude protein apparent digestibility values were significantly affected by urea levels. In relation to the ingestive behavior, the urea levels did not influence the feeding, idleness or rumination parameters. Difference was observed for the following physiological variables: feces frequency (11.5 to 15.9 times per day), urine frequency (10.8 to 14.2 times per day) and frequency of search for water (0.8 to 2.1 times per day). The urea levels influenced the blood parameters, whose average levels ranged from 29.83 to 40.76 mg/dL. Pear cactus and increasing urea levels in substitution to soybean meal do not alter the dry matter intake or ingestive behavior. The use of urea associated with forage cactus reduces water intake and increases the blood urea concentration of milking goats.

Características Sensoriais da Carne Ovina: Sabor e Aroma

da carne ainda nao esta totalmente compreendido, e e considerado um sistema de grande complexidade no qual, diversos fatores, isolados ou em associacao, influenciam a formacao de compostos volateis, que por sua vez sao responsaveis pelas caracteristicas de sabor e aroma. Fatores como dieta, idade de abate, condicao sexual, tipo de musculo, estado de engorduramento, efeitos ambientais e da alimentacao, temperatura e tempo de cozimento, pH, maturacao e, sobretudo, preferencia individual dos consumidores foram relatados como parâmetros fundamentais nas caracteristicas de sabor e aroma e, consequentemente, na aceitacao da carne ovina. A gordura e considerada precursora de compostos aromaticos e de sabor, e dependendo do seu estado na carne pode favorecer o aparecimento de substâncias desejaveis ou indesejaveis. Dessa forma, objetivou-se abordar os fatores responsaveis pelas caracteristicas de sabor e aroma da carne ovina, pois atualmente e lancada a industria e a comunidade cientifica o desafio da compreensao destes.

Breeding management and assessment of Curraleiro cattle in Northeastern Brazil

Summary The Curraleiro, also called Pe-Duro, is the only naturalized bovine breed of Northeastern Brazil. The breed originated via admixture of different Iberian breeds that were introduced during the sixteenth century and the subsequent natural adaptations to the semi-arid environment. The introduction of zebu bovine breeds during the twentieth century led to the replacement of the Curraleiro, which is now on the brink of extinction. With the aim of supporting the establishment of a conservation programme, the present study focused on assessing the management of the existing Curraleiro populations. Data on 2 366 head of cattle were obtained by interviewing 22 owners of Curraleiro herds. The number of animals in the herds varied from 4 to 384. The average herd size was 131.4 (standard deviation= 120.3). All animals were bred under extensive conditions, without any supplementary feed, and in 50 percent of all cases without any specialized technical assistance. Data indicated that breeders maintain the cattle not for economic reasons, but because of tradition. The Curraleiro was characterized by the breeders as being resistant to water stress and parasites. The animals can be bred without feed supplements on all kinds of native-grass pastures. These characteristics, in addition to its low production costs, could make the Curraleiro attractive, especially for low-income families.

Consumo de agua de ovinos alimentados con diferentes niveles de nopal (Opuntia ficus indica) en Brasil

Resumen es: En 45 ovinos machos Santa Ines (peso vivo medio de 27,50 ± 0, 48 kg) se evaluo el consumo de agua, al consumir raciones con niveles crecientes (0, 25, 5...