Giovanna Henriques da Nóbrega

Regime alimentar para ganho compensatório de ovinos em confinamento: composição regional e tecidual da carcaça

The effect of diets for compensatory gain on the commercial cut yield and carcasses tissue composition of finished feedlot lambs was determined. A total of 40 Santa Ines lambs, with mean body weight (BW) of 17±1.7kg and 100 days old were used. The lambs were slaughtered; the left half carcass was sectioned into five primary commercial cuts: neck, shoulder, rib, loin and leg. The leg was dissected into muscle, bone and fat, and then the muscularity of the leg was determined. Muscle hypertrophy was measured by the mean diameter of muscle fibers. The left half carcass, neck, shoulder, rib, loin and leg weight decreased linearly between 0 and 60% of previous food restriction levels, ranging, respectively, from 11497.4 to 8888.5g; from 1453.8 to 1211.4g; from 1955.4 to 1560.9g; from 3420.0 to 2604.6g; from 1669.4 to 1161.6g and from 2998.8 to 2350.0g, as well as loin yield (from 14.5 to 13.1%), leg musculosity index (from 0.42 to 0,39) and muscle fiber diameter (from 46.0 to 43.4µm). Food restriction followed by refeeding promoted decreasing in the weight of cuts and did not affect the yield, and it also decreased the proportion of fat in the carcass, resulting in lighter cuts and leaner meat.

Efeito da inclusão de fontes lipídicas na dieta de cabras em lactação sobre os parâmetros sanguíneos

RESUMOConduziu-se o estudo do perfil metabolico, com o objetivo de avaliar o estado nutricional ou possiveis disturbios metabolicosque podem comprometer a saude e, consequentemente, o desempenho do rebanho. No presente trabalho foi avaliado o perfilmetabolico de cabras em lactacao, submetidas a dietas com diferentes fontes de lipidios. Foram utilizadas 16 cabras da raca Saanencom peso vivo medio de 35 Kg e producao media diaria de 1,2 kg de leite, distribuidas em quadrado latino com tres repeticoes. Ostratamentos experimentais consistiram nas seguintes dietas: sem suplementacao lipidica (TC); semente de faveleira (SF); torta defaveleira (TF) e caroco de algodao (CA). O experimento foi desenvolvido em quatro periodos experimentais de 14 dias, sendo 10 diasde adaptacao a dieta e quatro dias de coleta de dados. No ultimo dia de cada periodo foram coletadas amostras de sangue. A inclusaode semente de oleaginosa na dieta de cabras em lactacao diminuiu o consumo de materia seca por unidade metabolica (CMSU) econsumo de proteina bruta por unidade metabolica (CPBU). Dentre os quatro tratamentos nao se observou diferenca significativa noque se refere a concentracao serica de ureia, creatinina, GGT (gama glutamiltransferase), calcio, fosforo, magnesio e glicose. Os niveissericos de albumina dos animais que receberam TF foram maiores (P<0,05) do que os animais do grupo controle. Este trabalho sugereque as fontes de oleaginosas podem ser utilizadas na suplementacao lipidica de cabras Saanen em lactacao, entretanto animaisalimentados com TF apresentaram um perfil metabolico mais saudavel em funcao da suplementacao lipidica.Termos para indexacao: Caprinos leiteiros, faveleira, perfil proteico, manejo alimentar.ABSTRACTThe study of the metabolic profile has as objective to evaluate the nutritional status or possible metabolic disturbances thatcan damage the health and consequently the herd performance. In this work, the metabolic profile of lactating goats was evaluated,submitted to diets with different fat sources. 12 Saanen goats with BW of 35 kg and daily milk production of 1,2 kg were used,distributed into a Latin square with three repetitions. The diet comprised, without fat supplementation, TC (control) and with fatsupplementation: SF (favelone seed); TF (favelone cake) and CA (cotton seed).The experiment was developed in four experimentalperiods of 14 days, with 10 days of adaptation to diets and four days for samples collection. In the last day of each period werecollected blood samples. The inclusion of oleaginous seed into the lactating goats’ diet decreased the dry matter consumption formetabolic unit (CMU) and consumption of crude protein for metabolic unit (CPMU). No significant differences in serum urea,creatinine, GGT (gamma glutamyltransferase), calcium, phosphorus, magnesium or glucose values were noticed in any of the fourtreatments. The serum levels of albumin in the animals that received TF were higher (P<0.05) than the animals of the control group.This work suggests that the oleaginous sources can be used as fat supplementation of lactating Saanen goats; however, animals fed theTF showed a healthier metabolic profile due to the fat supplement.Index terms: Lactating goats, favelone, protein profile, management feed.Conduziu-se o estudo do perfil metabolico, com o objetivo de avaliar o estado nutricional ou possiveis disturbios metabolicos que podem comprometer a saude e, consequentemente, o desempenho do rebanho. No presente trabalho foi avaliado o perfil metabolico de cabras em lactacao, submetidas a dietas com diferentes fontes de lipidios. Foram utilizadas 16 cabras da raca Saanen com peso vivo medio de 35 Kg e producao media diaria de 1,2 kg de leite, distribuidas em quadrado latino com tres repeticoes. Os tratamentos experimentais consistiram nas seguintes dietas: sem suplementacao lipidica (TC); semente de faveleira (SF); torta de faveleira (TF) e caroco de algodao (CA). O experimento foi desenvolvido em quatro periodos experimentais de 14 dias, sendo 10 dias de adaptacao a dieta e quatro dias de coleta de dados. No ultimo dia de cada periodo foram coletadas amostras de sangue. A inclusao de semente de oleaginosa na dieta de cabras em lactacao diminuiu o consumo de materia seca por unidade metabolica (CMSU) e consumo de proteina bruta por unidade metabolica (CPBU). Dentre os quatro tratamentos nao se observou diferenca significativa no que se refere a concentracao serica de ureia, creatinina, GGT (gama glutamiltransferase), calcio, fosforo, magnesio e glicose. Os niveis sericos de albumina dos animais que receberam TF foram maiores (P<0,05) do que os animais do grupo controle. Este trabalho sugere que as fontes de oleaginosas podem ser utilizadas na suplementacao lipidica de cabras Saanen em lactacao, entretanto animais alimentados com TF apresentaram um perfil metabolico mais saudavel em funcao da suplementacao lipidica.

Efeito da suplementação com Blocos Multinutricionais sobre o desempenho e características de carcaça de ovinos e caprinos na Caatinga

This study evaluated the performance and carcass characteristics and non carcass constituents of sheep and goats foraging in the caatinga rangeland, supplemented with multi-nutrients blocks (MBs). The experiment was carried out at EMEPA Experimental Station in Soledade-PB, Brazil, according to a completely randomized design with 3x2 factorial treatments (three levels of supplementation of animal foraging in the caatinga rangeland: S1 = mineral salt; S2 = MBs, and S3 = MBs + buffel grass hay, and 2 species: sheep and goat) and 10 replications of one animal. Mean daily and total weight gain (MDWG and TWG) showed to be higher for animals supplemented with salt, and it was higher for sheep (MDWG=104.83 g and TWG=11. 32 kg) than for goats (MDWG=92.90 g and TWG=10.04 kg). Slaughtering weight (SW), hot carcass (HCW) and cold carcass (CCW) weights were higher for animals supplemented with mineral salt. Empty body weight (EBW), biological yield (BY), commercial yield (CY), true yield (TY) and loss by cooling (LC) were not affected by supplementation levels. Sheep SW=27.62 kg was higher than goat SW=25.34, while BR, CR and VR were higher for goats. There were significant (P<0.05) effects of supplementation levels on yield (%) of weight of the full gastrointestinal tract (IGTc), weight of the empty gastrointestinal tract (IGTv), liver, heart and kidneys. Supplementation with multi-nutrient blocks alone or in conjunction with low quality hay for sheep and goats grazing in the caatinga rangeland with satisfactory forage quantity and quality does not result in significant productivity gains.

Regime alimentar para ganho compensatório de ovinos em confinamento: desempenho produtivo e morfometria do rúmen e do intestino delgado

The aim was evaluate the effect of diet for compensatory growth on performance, empty weight body, weight of abiotic components, weight and proportion of TGI and morphology of the rumen and small intestine of lambs feedlot. Thus, we used 40 Santa Ines non castrated male lambs, housed in individual pens. The containment was divided into two distinct periods of 42 days: a food restriction, with four treatments (0, 20, 40 and 60% restriction), and a feedback loop, where all the animals were fed again without restriction. At the end of the period of confinement they were slaughtered to measure the weight of TGI, weight and abiotic components for obtaining fragments of the rumen and small intestine, which were subsequently used for the preparation of histological slides used to evaluate the morphology of the papillae rumen and the intestinal villi and crypts (μm). The variables for performance, slaughter weight, empty body weight and weight of TGI decreased as they increased the level of prior restraint. The width of the rumen papillae decreased ranging from 555.7 to 470.3μm; the area of increased intestinal villi ranged from 81042.8 to 92033.7μm2. The diet for compensatory gain decreases weight gain, slaughter weight, empty body weight and the weight of the gastrointestinal tract of Santa Ines lambs, besides affecting the morphology of rumen papillae and villi of the small intestine.

Substitution of Pennisetum purpureum by Opuntia ficus-indica and Mimosa tenuiflora in the diet of lambs

Os objetivos deste estudo foram quantificar a digestibilidade aparente dos componentes da dieta e o desempenho de cordeiros alimentados com niveis crescentes de uma mistura balanceada (peso) de farelo de Opuntia ficus indicae e feno de Mimosa tenuiflora em substituicao a 0, 33 e 67% do feno Pennisetum purpureum, em uma dieta com 60% de volumoso e 40% de concentrado, formulada para um ganho de peso diario de 150 g/animal. O experimento foi conduzido na UFCG, Patos-PB, usando 18 cordeiros inteiros com (20,4±1,16) kg (peso medio±EP). O CD da MS, MO, PB, EE e dos carboidratos totais foram afetados pelos niveis da mistura (P 0,05). A inclusao da mistura afetou linear e positivamente o ganho de peso medio diario (120, 149 e 170g/animal, respectivamente para 0, 33 e 67% de substituicao do feno de P. purpureum), e o consumo de MS, MO, PB, carboidratos totais e nao fibrosos. A mistura balanceada do farelo de Opuntia ficus indica e do feno de Mimosa tenuiflora pode substituir ate 67% da fracao volumosa (P. purpureum) da dieta de cordeiros Santa Ines e melhorar o ganho de peso medio diario em 50g/animal.

Biometria, morfometria e composição regional da carcaça de caprinos e ovinos de diferentes genótipos

The objective of this study was to evaluate the biometric, carcass morphometric and the regional composition of different genotypes of sheep and goats Without Defined Racial Standard (WDRS) and mestizos of Boer and Dorper, respectively, grazing in the Caatinga. This work was developed in Pendencia Experimental Station belonging to the Agricultural Research Corporation of Paraiba S.A. Were used 40 male animals, not castrated, with average age of 120 days and average initial weight of 18.76 kg. The animals remain under grazing in the bush with power of native forage and water disposal and protein salt ad libitum. The WDRS sheep showed higher values for forward height (FH) and posterior height (PH). Body length (BL), the WDRS sheep gained superiority, with similarities to the Dorper crossbred and smaller values for the WDRS goats and Boer crossbred. The half carcass weight, leg, loin and neck yield were significantly different in genotypes (P 0.05). The crossbred sheep Dorper with body measurements obtained better than the crossbred goats or Without Defined Racial Standard.

Carcass muscularity and adiposity of different sheep and goat genotypes

Carcass muscularity and adiposity of different goat and sheep genotypes grazing in the Caatinga rangeland were evaluated. A total of 40 uncastrated males, with an initial average age and body weight of 120 days and 18.76 kg, respectively, were used: 10 mixed breed goats (MB), 10 cross Boer goats (½ Boer x ½ MB), 10 MB sheep and 10 cross Dorper sheep (½ Dorper x ½ MB). The cross Dorper had higher mean scores for rib eye area, leg muscularity index, weight of total muscles of the leg and conformation compared to MB goats. There was no significant difference between genotypes for the meat texture. Meat color was darker for goat genotypes than for sheep genotypes. The quantitative aspects of carcass adiposity, renal fat, inguinal fat, and subcutaneous and total leg fat showed to be higher for sheep than for goat genotypes. Carcass finishing and leg compactness index were superior for the cross Dorper genotype. Carcass muscularity and adiposity were better in sheep than in goat genotypes, indicating that sheep have a greater muscle and fat tissue development, giving to them a greater potential for beef production.

Effect of fat source inclusion in the diet of lactating goats.

RESUMOConduziu-se o estudo do perfil metabolico, com o objetivo de avaliar o estado nutricional ou possiveis disturbios metabolicosque podem comprometer a saude e, consequentemente, o desempenho do rebanho. No presente trabalho foi avaliado o perfilmetabolico de cabras em lactacao, submetidas a dietas com diferentes fontes de lipidios. Foram utilizadas 16 cabras da raca Saanencom peso vivo medio de 35 Kg e producao media diaria de 1,2 kg de leite, distribuidas em quadrado latino com tres repeticoes. Ostratamentos experimentais consistiram nas seguintes dietas: sem suplementacao lipidica (TC); semente de faveleira (SF); torta defaveleira (TF) e caroco de algodao (CA). O experimento foi desenvolvido em quatro periodos experimentais de 14 dias, sendo 10 diasde adaptacao a dieta e quatro dias de coleta de dados. No ultimo dia de cada periodo foram coletadas amostras de sangue. A inclusaode semente de oleaginosa na dieta de cabras em lactacao diminuiu o consumo de materia seca por unidade metabolica (CMSU) econsumo de proteina bruta por unidade metabolica (CPBU). Dentre os quatro tratamentos nao se observou diferenca significativa noque se refere a concentracao serica de ureia, creatinina, GGT (gama glutamiltransferase), calcio, fosforo, magnesio e glicose. Os niveissericos de albumina dos animais que receberam TF foram maiores (P<0,05) do que os animais do grupo controle. Este trabalho sugereque as fontes de oleaginosas podem ser utilizadas na suplementacao lipidica de cabras Saanen em lactacao, entretanto animaisalimentados com TF apresentaram um perfil metabolico mais saudavel em funcao da suplementacao lipidica.Termos para indexacao: Caprinos leiteiros, faveleira, perfil proteico, manejo alimentar.ABSTRACTThe study of the metabolic profile has as objective to evaluate the nutritional status or possible metabolic disturbances thatcan damage the health and consequently the herd performance. In this work, the metabolic profile of lactating goats was evaluated,submitted to diets with different fat sources. 12 Saanen goats with BW of 35 kg and daily milk production of 1,2 kg were used,distributed into a Latin square with three repetitions. The diet comprised, without fat supplementation, TC (control) and with fatsupplementation: SF (favelone seed); TF (favelone cake) and CA (cotton seed).The experiment was developed in four experimentalperiods of 14 days, with 10 days of adaptation to diets and four days for samples collection. In the last day of each period werecollected blood samples. The inclusion of oleaginous seed into the lactating goats’ diet decreased the dry matter consumption formetabolic unit (CMU) and consumption of crude protein for metabolic unit (CPMU). No significant differences in serum urea,creatinine, GGT (gamma glutamyltransferase), calcium, phosphorus, magnesium or glucose values were noticed in any of the fourtreatments. The serum levels of albumin in the animals that received TF were higher (P<0.05) than the animals of the control group.This work suggests that the oleaginous sources can be used as fat supplementation of lactating Saanen goats; however, animals fed theTF showed a healthier metabolic profile due to the fat supplement.Index terms: Lactating goats, favelone, protein profile, management feed.Conduziu-se o estudo do perfil metabolico, com o objetivo de avaliar o estado nutricional ou possiveis disturbios metabolicos que podem comprometer a saude e, consequentemente, o desempenho do rebanho. No presente trabalho foi avaliado o perfil metabolico de cabras em lactacao, submetidas a dietas com diferentes fontes de lipidios. Foram utilizadas 16 cabras da raca Saanen com peso vivo medio de 35 Kg e producao media diaria de 1,2 kg de leite, distribuidas em quadrado latino com tres repeticoes. Os tratamentos experimentais consistiram nas seguintes dietas: sem suplementacao lipidica (TC); semente de faveleira (SF); torta de faveleira (TF) e caroco de algodao (CA). O experimento foi desenvolvido em quatro periodos experimentais de 14 dias, sendo 10 dias de adaptacao a dieta e quatro dias de coleta de dados. No ultimo dia de cada periodo foram coletadas amostras de sangue. A inclusao de semente de oleaginosa na dieta de cabras em lactacao diminuiu o consumo de materia seca por unidade metabolica (CMSU) e consumo de proteina bruta por unidade metabolica (CPBU). Dentre os quatro tratamentos nao se observou diferenca significativa no que se refere a concentracao serica de ureia, creatinina, GGT (gama glutamiltransferase), calcio, fosforo, magnesio e glicose. Os niveis sericos de albumina dos animais que receberam TF foram maiores (P<0,05) do que os animais do grupo controle. Este trabalho sugere que as fontes de oleaginosas podem ser utilizadas na suplementacao lipidica de cabras Saanen em lactacao, entretanto animais alimentados com TF apresentaram um perfil metabolico mais saudavel em funcao da suplementacao lipidica.

Effect of fat source inclusion in the diet of lactating goats on blood parameters

RESUMOConduziu-se o estudo do perfil metabolico, com o objetivo de avaliar o estado nutricional ou possiveis disturbios metabolicosque podem comprometer a saude e, consequentemente, o desempenho do rebanho. No presente trabalho foi avaliado o perfilmetabolico de cabras em lactacao, submetidas a dietas com diferentes fontes de lipidios. Foram utilizadas 16 cabras da raca Saanencom peso vivo medio de 35 Kg e producao media diaria de 1,2 kg de leite, distribuidas em quadrado latino com tres repeticoes. Ostratamentos experimentais consistiram nas seguintes dietas: sem suplementacao lipidica (TC); semente de faveleira (SF); torta defaveleira (TF) e caroco de algodao (CA). O experimento foi desenvolvido em quatro periodos experimentais de 14 dias, sendo 10 diasde adaptacao a dieta e quatro dias de coleta de dados. No ultimo dia de cada periodo foram coletadas amostras de sangue. A inclusaode semente de oleaginosa na dieta de cabras em lactacao diminuiu o consumo de materia seca por unidade metabolica (CMSU) econsumo de proteina bruta por unidade metabolica (CPBU). Dentre os quatro tratamentos nao se observou diferenca significativa noque se refere a concentracao serica de ureia, creatinina, GGT (gama glutamiltransferase), calcio, fosforo, magnesio e glicose. Os niveissericos de albumina dos animais que receberam TF foram maiores (P<0,05) do que os animais do grupo controle. Este trabalho sugereque as fontes de oleaginosas podem ser utilizadas na suplementacao lipidica de cabras Saanen em lactacao, entretanto animaisalimentados com TF apresentaram um perfil metabolico mais saudavel em funcao da suplementacao lipidica.Termos para indexacao: Caprinos leiteiros, faveleira, perfil proteico, manejo alimentar.ABSTRACTThe study of the metabolic profile has as objective to evaluate the nutritional status or possible metabolic disturbances thatcan damage the health and consequently the herd performance. In this work, the metabolic profile of lactating goats was evaluated,submitted to diets with different fat sources. 12 Saanen goats with BW of 35 kg and daily milk production of 1,2 kg were used,distributed into a Latin square with three repetitions. The diet comprised, without fat supplementation, TC (control) and with fatsupplementation: SF (favelone seed); TF (favelone cake) and CA (cotton seed).The experiment was developed in four experimentalperiods of 14 days, with 10 days of adaptation to diets and four days for samples collection. In the last day of each period werecollected blood samples. The inclusion of oleaginous seed into the lactating goats’ diet decreased the dry matter consumption formetabolic unit (CMU) and consumption of crude protein for metabolic unit (CPMU). No significant differences in serum urea,creatinine, GGT (gamma glutamyltransferase), calcium, phosphorus, magnesium or glucose values were noticed in any of the fourtreatments. The serum levels of albumin in the animals that received TF were higher (P<0.05) than the animals of the control group.This work suggests that the oleaginous sources can be used as fat supplementation of lactating Saanen goats; however, animals fed theTF showed a healthier metabolic profile due to the fat supplement.Index terms: Lactating goats, favelone, protein profile, management feed.Conduziu-se o estudo do perfil metabolico, com o objetivo de avaliar o estado nutricional ou possiveis disturbios metabolicos que podem comprometer a saude e, consequentemente, o desempenho do rebanho. No presente trabalho foi avaliado o perfil metabolico de cabras em lactacao, submetidas a dietas com diferentes fontes de lipidios. Foram utilizadas 16 cabras da raca Saanen com peso vivo medio de 35 Kg e producao media diaria de 1,2 kg de leite, distribuidas em quadrado latino com tres repeticoes. Os tratamentos experimentais consistiram nas seguintes dietas: sem suplementacao lipidica (TC); semente de faveleira (SF); torta de faveleira (TF) e caroco de algodao (CA). O experimento foi desenvolvido em quatro periodos experimentais de 14 dias, sendo 10 dias de adaptacao a dieta e quatro dias de coleta de dados. No ultimo dia de cada periodo foram coletadas amostras de sangue. A inclusao de semente de oleaginosa na dieta de cabras em lactacao diminuiu o consumo de materia seca por unidade metabolica (CMSU) e consumo de proteina bruta por unidade metabolica (CPBU). Dentre os quatro tratamentos nao se observou diferenca significativa no que se refere a concentracao serica de ureia, creatinina, GGT (gama glutamiltransferase), calcio, fosforo, magnesio e glicose. Os niveis sericos de albumina dos animais que receberam TF foram maiores (P<0,05) do que os animais do grupo controle. Este trabalho sugere que as fontes de oleaginosas podem ser utilizadas na suplementacao lipidica de cabras Saanen em lactacao, entretanto animais alimentados com TF apresentaram um perfil metabolico mais saudavel em funcao da suplementacao lipidica.