Wandrick Hauss de Sousa

Efeito do genótipo e do sexo sobre a composição química e o perfil de ácidos graxos da carne de cordeiros

Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos do sexo e do genotipo sobre a composicao centesimal e o perfil de acidos graxos do musculo Semimembranosus (SM) de ovinos submetidos as mesmas condicoes de confinamento. Foram utilizados 12 cordeiros, quatro machos inteiros e quatro femeas da raca Santa Ines (SI) e quatro machos inteiros mesticos ½ Santa Ines x ½ Dorper (SI-D). A raca e o sexo nao influenciaram a composicao centesimal da carne dos cordeiros. No entanto, as concentracoes de fosforo e calcio diferiram significativamente quando considerados estes dois fatores. Os acidos graxos encontrados em maior quantidade na fracao lipidica da carne dos animais foram o oleico, o palmitico e o estearico. Houve efeito do sexo sobre o perfil dos acidos graxos monoinsaturados na carne dos animais Santa Ines. O perfil de acidos graxos de mesticos machos SI-D comprovou melhor valor nutricional da carne, pelo maior percentual de acidos graxos poliinsaturados, pela maior relacao AGPI/AGS e pela menor relacao w6:w3.

Efeito de dietas com níveis crescentes de caroço de algodão integral sobre a composição química e o perfil de ácidos graxos da carne de cordeiros Santa Inês

Esta pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da inclusao (0, 20, 30 e 40%) de caroco de algodao integral (Gossypium hirsutum) na dieta sobre a composicao quimica e o perfil de acidos graxos da carne de cordeiros Santa Ines. Foram utilizados 24 cordeiros machos nao-castrados (peso corporal inicial de 19,0 ± 0,2 kg e 4 meses de idade), todos criados em regime de confinamento em baias individuais. Os niveis de caroco de algodao integral nao afetaram a composicao centesimal e os percentuais de colesterol e fosfolipidios da carne ovina. Entretanto, houve diferenca entre os percentuais dos acidos graxos miristico, palmitico e linolenico e entre a relacao C18:0 + C18:1 / C16:0. Do ponto de vista nutricional, a utilizacao de caroco de algodao integral na dieta pode ser recomendada, durante periodos curtos, em niveis de ate 40% para ovinos em terminacao. Ressalta-se que o caroco de algodao integral e um subproduto economicamente viavel por apresentar baixo custo de producao em comparacao ao milho e a soja.

Influência dos níveis de concentrado sobre os cortes comerciais, os constituintes não-carcaça e os componentes da perna de cordeiros confinados

Thirty-two intact lambs averaging 17.1 kg of initial body weight were assigned to one of the following four treatments: 30, 45, 60 or 75% of dietary concentrate in a completely randomized design (eight lambs/treatment). Lambs were feedlot fed during the experimental period (43 days). After slaughter, carcasses were refrigerated for 24 h. It was measured the weights and percentages of five cuts from the half carcass as well as the proportion of muscle, bone and fat tissue from the leg. The weights of neck, shoulder, ribs, loin and leg all increased linearly by increasing the level of concentrate in the diet while the opposite was observed for the yields of neck, leg, and shoulder; yield of ribs followed the increment of concentrate in the diet and increased linearly. Fat thickness and loin eye area were both affected by the level of concentrate in the diet. The same was observed for the non-carcass components with the exception of digestive tract. Feeding increasing dietary levels of concentrate to lambs affected the weight and yield of retail cuts and internal organs and increased the proportion and deposition of fat in the carcass.

Correlações entre as características obtidas in vivo por ultra-som e as obtidas na carcaça de cordeiros terminados em confinamento

The objective this study was to evaluate the correlation between traits obtained real time ultrasound and those obtained in the carcass of feedlot finished lambs. Forty eight no castrated, woolless crossbred Santa Ines lambs with initial 20.0 kg LW and 103 days old. The measures obtained by ultrasound in real time were determined using by Aloka 500SSD ultrasound machine, equipped with 3.5-MHz linear transducer. Before the slaughter, using the real time ultrasound, were measured between at 12th - 13th ribs of the lambs the subcutaneous fat thickness (USFT) and longissimus muscle area (ULMA), slaughter body weight (SBW) and the corporal condition (CC). After the slaughter were obtained the hot carcass weight (HCW), internal fat percentage (IFP), hot carcass dressing (HCD), carcass subcutaneous fat thickness (CSFT) and the longissimus muscle area (CLMA). There was correlation between traits measured by real time ultrasound and those obtained in the carcass, except for SBW vs CSFT (0.22) and HCW vs CSFT (0.33). Highly correlation was observed between longissimus muscle area obtained by real time ultrasound and the same measure determined in the carcass. The measures of USFT and CSFT showed also significant correlation. The use of the ultrasound was an efficient method to estimate, in real time, the loin eye area and fat thickness of the lambs.

Desempenho e composição da carcaça de cordeiros deslanados terminados em confinamento com diferentes dietas

This study was performed with the objective of assessing the effects of feed and genotype on the quantitative characteristics of carcasses of lambs finished in a feedlot and estimate gross margins. Eighteen lambs of each genotype were used: Morada Nova, Santa Ines and cross-breed Dorper × Santa Ines. Feeds with low and high energetic levels consisted of 2.5 Mcal ME/kg DM and 2.94 Mcal ME/kg DM, respectively. A randomized complete design was used, with a 3 × 2 factorial scheme. The diets influenced daily weight gain, empty body weight, body score, feed efficiency and feedlot days, whilst the genotype promoted differences in all the variables studied. The caloric density of the diets influenced the biological hot and cold carcass yields, and the latter two were influenced by genotype. The more energetic diet (2.94 Mcal EM/kgDM) resulted in higher absolute weights of neck, shoulder, rib, loin and leg, but, in relative values, lambs fed with different energetic levels did not differ for these characteristics, regardless of the energetic level of the diet. The percentage yield of the cuts was influenced by the genotypes, except for the neck. The weights of all the cuts were influenced by genotypes. The treatment with the highest energy level resulted in the largest gross margin.

Características quantitativas da carcaça de cordeiros terminados em confinamento e abatidos em diferentes condições corporais

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the genotypes and body condition on the carcass dressing of lambs finished in feedlot. Twenty-four Santa Ines and 24 ½ Dorper × ½ Santa Ines crossbred lambs averaging 19.8 kg of weight and 103 days old were used in the trial. The adaptation period to the facilities and diet was of 14 days. The animals received complete ration with 30% of manicoba hay (Manihot pseudoglaziovii) and 70% of concentrate. The experimental design consisted of a completely randomized 2 × 3 factorial design (two genotypes and three corporal conditions) with different number of replicates. No differences between genotypes for the quantitative carcass traits studied were observed, except for the percentage of internal fat, fat thickness in the fat condition and dressing of the leg and rib in the intermediate corporal condition. The effect of the body condition within the genotype increases the internal fat percentage, fat thickness, compactness index of the carcass and weights of the saleable cuts, except for the weight of the neck in Dorper × Santa Ines crossbred lambs.

Morphometric and carcass characteristics of kid goats and lambs finished in feedlots

The objective of this study was to evaluate the genotype effect on the morphometric and quantitative characteristics of carcasses of kids and lambs finished in feedlot. A total of 34 entire male animals was used, 12 kid goats (½ Boer ´ ½ SRD), 12 kid goats (½ Anglo Nubiano ´ ½ SRD) and 10 Santa Ines sheep, with initial live weight of 18.3 kg, average age of 135 days at the beginning of the trial. The averages of withers height, corporal compactness and thoracic perimeter of the Santa Ines genotype were superior to those of the kid genotypes. The hot and cold carcass dressing of the genotypes was similar, but losses from cooling in the Anglo Nubiano crossbred kid goats and Santa Ines lambs were larger than in the Boer crossbreds. Significant differences were observed among the genotypes only for carcass compactness. The lambs deposited more covering fat, presented larger loin eye area and leg circumference than the kid goats.

Chemical composition and fat profile of meat from crossbred goats reared under feedlot systems

This study aimed to evaluate the chemical quality and fat profile of meat from crossbred goats (native and exotic) reared under feedlot systems. Thirty-two entire male goats were divided in equal number into four racial groups: eight pure Boer breed, eight ¾ Boer + ¼ SPRD crossbred, eight ½ Boer + ½ SPRD crossbred and eight ½ Anglo Nubian + ½ SPRD crossbred. All goats were reared under feedlot system and slaughtered at the average age and live weight of 223 days and 29 kg, respectively. The chemical composition including moisture, protein, ash, fat, cholesterol, phospholipids and fatty acids was determined. The breed types had no significant effect on moisture, protein, ash, fat, cholesterol and phospholipids contents. However, the percentages of oleic and stearic acids and the MUFA/SFA ratio showed significant differences between the four breed groups, with percentages ranging from 0.72 for ¾ Boer + ¼ SPRD crossbred to 0.95 for ½ Boer + ½ SPRD crossbred. The oleic acid (C18:1) was found in the highest percentage in the fatty acid profile in goat meat, particularly for ½ Boer + ½ SPRD and ½ Anglo + ½ SPRD genotypes. The crossing of exotic Boer and Anglo Nubian breeds with the natives SPRD resulted in a goat meat of high quality, even at a ratio of 50%, since the goat meat showed low cholesterol percentage and high protein and unsaturated fatty acids contents.

Características de carcaça determinadas por ultrassonografia em tempo real e pós-abate de cordeiros terminados em confinamento com diferentes níveis de energia na dieta¹

Objetivou-se avaliar as caracteristicas de carcaca por ultrassonografia em tempo real e apos o abate e a relacao entre essas caracteristicas e os rendimentos de carcaca de cordeiros de diferentes genotipos terminados em confinamento com diversos niveis de energia na dieta. Foram utilizados 54 cordeiros nao-castrados - 18 Santa Ines puros (SI), 18 ½Dorper x ½Santa Ines (Dp x SI) e 18 ½Santa Ines x ½Sem Raca Definida (SI x SRD) - com media de 150 dias de idade e peso medio de 22,60 kg no inicio do experimento. As dietas continham 17% de proteina bruta e 2,40 Mcal/kg MS e 2,90 Mcal/kg MS. As mensuracoes realizadas por ultrassonografia e diretamente na carcaca dos cordeiros apresentaram resultados similares. Os cordeiros alimentados com a dieta contendo 2,90 Mcal/kg apresentaram maior area de olho-de-lombo, melhor conformacao e acabamento de carcaca e maior quantidade de gordura pelvico-renal. Os cordeiros Dp x SI apresentaram maior area de olho-de-lombo e musculosidade por 100 kg de PV em comparacao aos SI x SRD e foram superiores a todos os genotipos quanto a espessura de gordura subcutânea, a conformacao e ao acabamento de carcaca. O marmoreio observado nos cordeiros Dp x SI foi superior aos dos Santa Ines. As correlacoes das medidas tomadas por ultrassonografia e na carcaca foram altas e significativas, exceto o marmoreio. Houve correlacao significativa entre conformacao da carcaca e acabamento, marmoreio, espessura de gordura subcutânea e gordura pelvico-renal. As gorduras de cobertura avaliadas subjetivamente e objetivamente apresentaram correlacoes altas e significativas. A dieta e o genotipo influenciam as caracteristicas de carcaca de cordeiros.

Efeitos do genótipo e da condição corporal sobre o desempenho de cordeiros terminados em confinamento

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance and the gross margin of profit of lambs finished in feedlot. Thirty-two no castrate male lambs from the genotype Santa Ines and crossbred Dorper × Santa Ines and two body condition, intermediate and fat, were used. The lambs were 16 Santa Ines (SI) and 16 ½ Dorper × ½ Santa Ines (DpSI), with average 103 days old and 20.0 kg BW. The lambs were full fed ration with 30% of manicoba hay (Manihot pseudoglaziovii) and 70% of concentrate. The adaptation period to the installation and the diet was of 14 days. A completely randomized design in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (genotype and body conditions score) was used. There was no significant effect of genotypes on any performance characteristic, however, the crossbred (DpSI) obtained greater margin of profit. The body condition affected the dry matter intake, feed conversion and the number of days in feedlot. The lambs with intermediate body condition consumed 1.04 kg/day and 82.64 g/kg 0.75, while those with fat body condition consumed 1.15 kg/day and 86.79 g/kg0.75. The lambs with intermediate body condition showed lower dry matter intake and better feed conversion, which resulted in fewer days in feedlot and greater gross margin of profit compared to lambs with fat body condition, independently of the genotype.