João Balduíno Kühl

Influência da reorganização, da limpeza do peridomicílio e a da desinsetização de edificações na densidade populacional de flebotomíneos no Município de Doutor Camargo, Estado do Paraná, Brasil

Phlebotomine sandfly captures were performed in the domicile, domestic animal shelters, and peridomicile before and after rearrangement, cleaning, and disinsectization. Phlebotomine sandflies were captured with Falcão traps from October 1998 to April 2000 in the Recanto Marista district, Doutor Camargo municipality, Paraná State. The results were compared with those from October 1996 to September 1997. In this survey, 122,616 phlebotomine sandflies were captured using 10 traps, as compared to 157,983 in the previous period, with 6 traps. Lutzomyia neivai predominated in both periods. During the former period an hourly average of 1,641.9 phlebotomine sandflies were captured as compared to 806.7 in the latter. The results with four traps installed in the same locations shows that the hourly average was 1,318.8 in the former period and 156.0 in the latter. The large reduction in the number of phlebotomine sandflies captured in the second period may be due to the impact of alterations in the environment and the disinsectization of the buildings after the first period.

Ecologia de Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) whitmani em área urbana do município de Maringá, Paraná

OBJETIVOS: Estudar a fauna, a frequencia horaria e a sazonalidade de flebotomineos em abrigos de animais silvestres, perimetro urbano.. METODOS: No Parque do Inga, perimetro urbano do municipio de Maringa, PR, foram coletados flebotomineos com armadilha de Shannon (AS) e com armadilhas de Falcao (AF). As coletas com AS foram feitas na margem do corrego Moscados, das 18h as 6h. As coletas com AF foram realizadas em abrigos de aves, mamiferos e repteis silvestres, das 20h as 24h. Com ambos os metodos as coletas foram feitas duas noites ao mes, de outubro de 1998 a setembro de 2000. RESULTADOS: Nas As coletaram-se 13.656 flebotomineos, com predominio de Lutzomyia whitmani (98,7%). Coletaram-se 4.040 flebotomineos, prevalecendo novamente L. whitmani (96,3%). Nas AS L. whitmani foi mais frequente entre 0h e 2h. Nas AS, esta especie foi mais frequente no mes de agosto (55,1%), e nas AF em marco (19,2%) e novembro (15,9%) de 1999, e em agosto (20,6%) de 2000. Coletaram-se mais flebotomineos nas AF instaladas nos abrigos de mamiferos (84,0%). CONCLUSOES: Foi nitido o predominio de L. whitmani no Parque do Inga; o pico maior de frequencia de L. whitmani em AS e no mes de agosto e nas AF, em marco e novembro; o pico de atividade de L. whitmani ocorre entre 0h e 2h.OBJETIVOS: Estudar a fauna, a frequencia horaria e a sazonalidade de flebotomineos em abrigos de animais silvestres, perimetro urbano.. METODOS: No Parque do Inga, perimetro urbano do municipio de Maringa, PR, foram coletados flebotomineos com armadilha de Shannon (AS) e com armadilhas de Falcao (AF). As coletas com AS foram feitas na margem do corrego Moscados, das 18h as 6h. As coletas com AF foram realizadas em abrigos de aves, mamiferos e repteis silvestres, das 20h as 24h. Com ambos os metodos as coletas foram feitas duas noites ao mes, de outubro de 1998 a setembro de 2000. RESULTADOS: Nas As coletaram-se 13.656 flebotomineos, com predominio de Lutzomyia whitmani (98,7%). Coletaram-se 4.040 flebotomineos, prevalecendo novamente L. whitmani (96,3%). Nas AS L. whitmani foi mais frequente entre 0h e 2h. Nas AS, esta especie foi mais frequente no mes de agosto (55,1%), e nas AF em marco (19,2%) e novembro (15,9%) de 1999, e em agosto (20,6%) de 2000. Coletaram-se mais flebotomineos nas AF instaladas nos abrigos de mamiferos (84,0%). CONCLUSOES: Foi nitido o predominio de L. whitmani no Parque do Inga; o pico maior de frequencia de L. whitmani em AS e no mes de agosto e nas AF, em marco e novembro; o pico de atividade de L. whitmani ocorre entre 0h e 2h.

Reorganization and cleanness of peridomiciliar area to control sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) in South Brazil

The objective of the present work was to evaluate the impact of the reorganization and cleaning of the peridomicily seeking the control of Phlebotominae vectors of Leishmania. Collections of insects were made in domestic animal shelters and in peridomiciliar area located in Jussara farm, Municipality of Jussara, State of Parana, Brazil where cutaneous leishmaniasis has been endemic. The collections were accomplished five nights for month of the 21:00pm for fie hours, in 1996 and 1997. The results were compared the those obtained in the same places in 1992 and 1994. After the collections of 1992 peridomiciliar area was cleaned and organic matter was removed and domestic animals were reallocated. In 1992, 1994 and 1996/97, 10, 7 and 12 Phlebotominae species were observed. Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) whitmani was predominant species in whole the collection. The total population of phlebotomine in 1992 was 64,725. After the reorganization measures and cleaning the phlebotomine population decrease in 90%. In 1996/97 the environmental conditions retaked the patterns of the beginning of the work and the population increased for 61.51%. The present work demonstrates that the reorganization and cleaning of the peridomicily can take to a decrease in the Phlebotominae population and like this to decrease the risk of transmission of Leishmania in endemic areas.

Avaliação de medidas de controle de flebotomíneos

Collections of sandflies were made between May 2005 and April 2006. The results were compared with those from collections undertaken between April 2001 and September 2002, in order to evaluate the measures used to decrease the density of these insects in Recanto Marista, municipality of Doutor Camargo, State of Paraná. The collections were carried out by Falcão traps inside domiciles and hen sheds, from 10 p.m. to 2 a.m. once a week, four times a month. In 2005 and 2006, 213,195 sandflies were collected (average of 1,113.8 per hour), compared with 199,821 (average of 1,653.5 per hour) in 2001 and 2002. Nyssomyia neivai predominated (75.4%) in all the ecotopes. Nyssomyia neivai, Nyssomyia whitmani, Migonemyia migonei and Pintomyia fischeri accounted for 99.7% of all the sandflies collected. The ecotope of hencoops accounted for 88.7% of the sandflies collected. It was observed that the sandfly density had decreased between the 2001-2002 and 2005-2006 collections, especially in homes.

Flebotomíneos coletados em matas remanescentes e abrigos de animais silvestres de zoológico no perímetro urbano de Maringá, sul do Brasil. Estudo preliminar

The present study was undertaken after the detection of one case of cutaneous leishmaniasis with presumed infection in one of the three remaining wooded areas in the urban area of the city of Maringa, Southern Brazil; also in view of the lack of knowledge about sand flies and their behavior. From June to September, 1995, sand flies were caught with Falcao traps during the night in the remaining wooded areas (Parque do Inga, Bosque Dois and Horto Florestal). A total of 2,907 sand flies were caugth in Parque do Inga; 1,723 of them were aught in forest traps and 1,184 in wild animal shelter traps at the zoo. The results show that Lutzomyia whitmani is better adapted to the three areas under study and that it frequently occurs in wild animal shelters within the urban perimeter of Maringa.The present study was undertaken after the detection of one case of cutaneous leishmaniasis with presumed infection in one of the three remaining wooded areas in the urban area of the city of Maringá, Southern Brazil; also in view of the lack of knowledge about sand flies and their behavior. From June to September, 1995, sand flies were caught with Falcão traps during the night in the remaining wooded areas (Parque do Ingá, Bosque Dois and Horto Florestal). A total of 2,907 sand flies were caught in Parque do Ingá; 1,723 of them were aught in forest traps and 1,184 in wild animal shelter traps at the zoo. The results show that Lutzomyia whitmani is better adapted to the three areas under study and that it frequently occurs in wild animal shelters within the urban perimeter of Maringá.

Estudo sobre triatomíneos e reservatórios silvestres de Trypanosoma cruzi no estado do Paraná, Sul do Brasil. Resultados preliminares

In the rural area of five municipalities of the Northeast of the State of Parana, Brazil, 154 adults or nymphs of Triatoma sordida and 2 Panstrongylus megistus were captured in 21 (41.2%) of 51 dwellings at the peridomestic sites. Trypanosoma cruzi-like organisms were found in 58 out of the 135 (43.0%) triatomines. Moreover, it was also found in the blood of 4/7 opossum (Didelphis sp). The triatomine infestation was more prevalent in the peridomicile than inside house. The forsaken wooden house presented the highest level of infestation (53.8%). Although the rural area of the Northeast of the State of Parana is considered under epidemiologic surveillance it still presents a high level of peridomestic infestation by triatomines highly infected with T. cruzi-like organisms.

Avaliação de medidas de controle de flebotomíneos no norte do Estado do Paraná, Brasil

Sandfly captures from April 2001-September 2002 were compared to those from October 1996-September 1997 and October 1998-April 2000 in order to evaluate control procedures conducted in Recanto Marista in the county of Doutor Camargo, Paraná State, Brazil. Sandflies were captured with Falcão traps twice a month, both in the domiciles and henhouses, from 10 PM to 2 AM. In 2001-2002, 199,821 sandflies were captured, with an hourly average of 1,625.5 insects; average captures in 1996-1997 and 1997-1998 were 1,641.9 and 806.7, respectively. Nyssomyia neivai was the most abundant species (90.4%) in all habitats. This species, together N. whitmani, Migonemyia migonei, and Pintomyia fischeri, accounted for 99.9% of all the specimens captured. The total hourly average sandfly captures increased, but 85% of these insects were captured in henhouses built with the purpose of attracting sandfly specimens, while the density decreased in other environments, especially intradomiciliary.

Impacto de alterações ambientais na ecologia de flebotomíneos no sul do Brasil

Tree felling around a chicken coop and periodic insecticide spraying at the Palmital farm in the county of Terra Boa in southern Brazil impacted the ecology of sand fly species. The most prevalent species (51.6%) before clearing the trees and insecticide spraying was Lutzomyia migonei (França, 1920), and it is now Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) whitmani (Antunes & Coutinho, 1939) (89.8%). There was a highly significant difference between the proportions of L. whitmani reported by this paper (89.8%) and another publication before the tree felling and insecticide spraying (32,6%).

Interação flebotomíneos, animais domésticos e dominância de Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) intermedia (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) em área com alto grau de antropia, no Sul do Brasil

Information on phlebotomine collections in an area with a high level of human interference, in S. Jorge do Ivaí county, Paraná State, Southern Brazil, is reported. Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) intermedia (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) was the dominant species. The number of sandflies in domiciles decreased sharply in the second period of collection. This occurred because a pigsty was moved to a distance of approximately 100 meters from the houses by and because the basement of one the houses was cleaned out.

Controle de flebotomíneos com DDT, em àrea endêmica de leishmaniose tegumentar no estado do Paraná, sul do Brasil

Evaluation of DDT insecticide used to sand flies control in domiciles and domestic animal shelters in an endemic area of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Collections of sand flies were made with Falcao traps in houses, in one pigsty and in one tree in Jussara Farm, municipality of Jussara, State of Parana, Brazil, between 10 p.m. and 2 a.m. during 7 days from March 24 to April 1, 1992. In May, 1992 DDT insecticide (Dicloro Difenil Tricloro Etano) (1 g/square meter of area) was applied internally and externally on houses and in pigsty. After this, new collections of sand flies were made from July 1992 to February 1993, once a month, with Falcao traps installed in the same hour and conditions mentioned above. Before DDT insecticide application 12,960 sand flies were collected (Hourly Average=463) and it was observed the prevalence (61,8%). of Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) whitmani (Antunes & Coutinho, 1939) After the DDT application only 589 sand flies were collected (Hourly Average=18,4) and also L. whitmani predominated again (90,8%). The decrease of sand flies number after the DDT insecticide application in domiciles and in pigsty prove that this measure can help cutaneous leishmaniasis control in Northern Parana.