Robson Marcelo Rossi

Estudo dos hábitos alimentares de flebotomíneos em área rural no sul do Brasil

OBJETIVO: Investigar a composicao especifica e aspectos da preferencia alimentar de flebotomineos em relacao aos animais domesticos existentes em area endemica de leishmaniose tegumentar americana. METODOS: Os flebotomineos foram coletados nos meses de janeiro a abril de 2004, das 20 as 24h, numa area situada a 40 m de uma das residencias de um sitio localizado no municipio de Mandaguari, PR, sul do Brasil. Foram usadas quatro armadilhas luminosas de Falcao, instaladas a 5 m de distância uma da outra, ao lado de uma gaiola, cada uma delas contendo isca animal (suino, cao, coelho e galinha). RESULTADOS: Foram coletados 1.697 exemplares de flebotomineos, das especies: Nyssomyia whitmani, Pintomyia fischeri, Migonemyia migonei, Nyssomyia neivai, Pintomyia pessoai e Psathromyia shannoni, predominando N. whitmani. Nao houve preferencia alimentar dos flebotomineos em relacao aos animais investigados. CONCLUSOES: Verificou-se que N. whitmani e P. fischeri sao oportunistas e, provavelmente, as femeas ajustam os seus habitos alimentares a disponibilidade de hospedeiros, sugerindo o ecletismo alimentar desstes insetos nos ambientes antropicos.

Performance and carcass characteristics of lambs fed on diets supplemented with glycerin from biodiesel production

This study was carried out to evaluate the influence of diets supplemented with glycerin as an alternative ingredient to corn on the performance and carcass characteristics of Santa Ines confined lambs. The study involved 27 lambs aged 90 days, having an average initial weight of 26.33 ± 0.15 kg. Lambs were randomly distributed into a control group and groups with diets containing 15 and 30% glycerin in the total feed. Diet was formulated with 40% roughage and 60% concentrate. The experimental design was completely randomized, and the production performance and carcass characteristics were analyzed by analysis of variance, and the subjective carcass characteristics, by general linear models. The daily average gain was 0.21, 0.24 and 0.23 kg/day; feeding conversion was 6.39, 5.73 and 5.92 kg of diet/kg BW for control animals, and those fed with 15 or 30% glycerin, respectively, without treatment differences. Lambs were slaughtered, weighing 34 to 36 kg, and average weight of the cold carcass and commercial carcass yield were evaluated. The results were, respectively, 15.97 kg and 49.18%, for control, 15.96 kg and 48.31% for animals fed with 15% glycerin, and 15.79 kg and 47.87% for those treated with 30% glycerin, with no treatment effects. Meat tenderness and cooking loss averages were not affected by diets, with 5.07 kg and 40.45%, 5.10 kg and 40.81%, and 5.27 kg and 39.04%, respectively, for control, and those fed with 15 or 30% glycerin. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that up to 30% of medium purity glycerin in the dry matter of the diet can be used to replace corn, without any negative effect on lamb performance or carcass characteristics.

Avaliação de medidas de controle de flebotomíneos

Collections of sandflies were made between May 2005 and April 2006. The results were compared with those from collections undertaken between April 2001 and September 2002, in order to evaluate the measures used to decrease the density of these insects in Recanto Marista, municipality of Doutor Camargo, State of Paraná. The collections were carried out by Falcão traps inside domiciles and hen sheds, from 10 p.m. to 2 a.m. once a week, four times a month. In 2005 and 2006, 213,195 sandflies were collected (average of 1,113.8 per hour), compared with 199,821 (average of 1,653.5 per hour) in 2001 and 2002. Nyssomyia neivai predominated (75.4%) in all the ecotopes. Nyssomyia neivai, Nyssomyia whitmani, Migonemyia migonei and Pintomyia fischeri accounted for 99.7% of all the sandflies collected. The ecotope of hencoops accounted for 88.7% of the sandflies collected. It was observed that the sandfly density had decreased between the 2001-2002 and 2005-2006 collections, especially in homes.

Freqüência de onicomicoses por leveduras em Maringá, Paraná, Brasil

INTRODUCTION: Onychomycoses are infectious ungueal diseases caused by fungi and represent the major onychopathies all over the world. OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency of yeasts as etiological agents of onychomycoses in the city of Maringa, Parana, Brazil. METHODS: A retrospective study from January 1997 to December 2004. Results of 1295 patients with suspected onychomycosis were evaluated; tests were performed at the Teaching and Research Pathology Laboratory at the Universidade Estadual de Maringa, Parana, Brazil. RESULTS: Onychomycosis was confirmed by mycological exam in 761 (58.76%) patients; 71% females and 29.00% males. The prevalence in fingernails was 28.67% and in toenails, 71.33%. As to agents, yeasts were most frequently isolated (46.39%), followed by dermatophytes (40.60%) and nondermatophytic filamentous fungi or moulds (13.01%). CONCLUSIONS: The high frequency of yeasts in onychomycosis indicates improvement in the laboratorial diagnostic techniques for opportunistic fungi. Associating results and clinical management enabled safer diagnosis and treatment.

Avaliação de medidas de controle de flebotomíneos no Município de Lobato, Estado do Paraná, Sul do Brasil

Sandfly control measures were evaluated at the Da Barra Ranch, Lobato municipality, Paraná State, Brazil. The insects were captured with Falcão traps in houses, a cattle corral, and a forest area from July to November 1999 and from February to June 2000. In December 1999 and January 2000 the following measures were taken to decrease the sandfly density in peridomiciliary areas and domiciles: (i) screens were placed on windows of buildings (domiciles, dormitory, cafeteria); (ii) all organic material was cleaned from the peridomiciliary area; and (iii) buildings were sprayed for insects. There were more Nyssomyia whitmani, Pintomyia fischeri, P. monticola, and Brumptomyia brumpti specimens in the former period, while N. neivai, Migonemyia migonei, and N. pessoai predominated in the latter. In the initial period most of the sandflies were captured in the forest and in the latter period in the houses. The sandfly control measures did not reduce the sandfly population on the Da Barra Ranch, but they led to significant proportional changes in the insect fauna composition.

Prevalência do uso de drogas de abuso por gestantes

OBJECTIVE: Determine the prevalence of drug abuse among pregnant women. METHOD: Cross-sectional study including 394 pregnant women who use the primary health care service. The dependent variable was the use of drugs during pregnancy and independent variables were: socioeconomic and obstetrics-related data. RESULTS: The prevalence of drug abuse among pregnant women was 18.28%. Multivariate logistic regression indicates the following significant variables: years of education, participation in a pregnancy group and healthcare professional orientation as to the risk of using drugs during pregnancy. CONCLUSION: The results indicate the predominance of young mixed-race pregnant women, with low educational level, income of up to three minimum wages and who use drugs, the most common being cigarettes, followed by alcohol. Illegal drugs used were cocaine and its derivate, crack, as well as marihuana.

Atendimento de pacientes com leishmaniose tegumentar americana: avaliação nos serviços de saúde de municípios do noroeste do Estado do Paraná, Brasil

The current study focuses on outpatient treatment of patients (n = 229) with American cutaneous leishmaniasis from 2001 to 2004, before and after decentralization of treatment to the municipal level in northwestern Paraná State, Brazil. While the treatment was still centralized, clinical evaluation and medical records were more complete and detailed, treatment was initiated earlier, and follow-up of the outcome was evaluated in 95% of patients and 100% of cases that received two treatment cycles. Treatment also complied with the guidelines of the American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Control Manual. After decentralization, treatment was less rigorous: 32% of patients were treated with two cycles of N-methyl glucamine antimoniate without complying with the guidelines; 72.6% of patients received inadequate treatment; 84% of cases failed to received proper clinical follow-up. Lack of information on patient clinical records posed a serious obstacle to evaluation. The current study failed to identify any benefit in decentralizing treatment of American cutaneous leishmaniasis to the local level.

Welcoming with risk classification in teaching hospitals: assessment of structure, process and result

OBJETIVO: avaliar, na otica dos trabalhadores, a estrutura, o processo e o resultado de Servicos Hospitalares de Emergencia que adotam a diretriz Acolhimento com Classificacao de Risco, em dois hospitais de ensino do Estado do Parana. METODO: pesquisa quantitativa, descritiva, exploratoria e prospectiva de amostragem aleatoria e estratificada por categoria profissional, constituida por 216 profissionais. RESULTADOS: apontaram pontos concordantes em relacao a promocao de ambiente acolhedor e humano, privacidade e seguranca, acolhimento do acompanhante e acolhimento e classificacao de todos pacientes, porem, houve discordância sobre o conforto do ambiente, sistema de referencia e contrarreferencia, priorizacao de pacientes graves no atendimento pos-classificacao, comunicacao entre os membros da equipe multiprofissional e reavaliacao da diretriz. CONCLUSAO: os trabalhadores avaliam o desenvolvimento da diretriz como precario, em razao, principalmente, da falta de estrutura fisica e deficiencias no processo de atendimento.

Impact of Control Measures and Dynamics of Sand Flies in Southern Brazil

ABSTRACT: We report the results of control measures introduced to reduce the density of sand flies in domiciles and subsequent monitoring of the effects of these measures on the sand fly populations. The most common species of sand flies were Nyssomyia neivai and Nyssomyia whitmani, which are naturally infected by Leishmania. A total of 268,382 (93.4%) sand flies were collected in ecotypes constructed with the aim of attracting sand flies, and 19,091 (6.6%) sand flies were collected in the ecotypes consisting of residences and other buildings. Human actions determine the growth or reduction of the sand fly population in human-occupied space. Understanding the dynamics of sand flies in this environment can substantially contribute to the prevention of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Dispersal and Memory of Sand Flies in an Endemic Area of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, Southern Brazil

ABSTRACT The dispersal of and the existence of memory in sand flies were measured in a transmission area of cutaneous leishmaniasis, in the municipality of Bandeirantes, Paraná, Brazil. Sand flies were caught in a rural area, with Shannon trap installed in the forest and three Falcão traps installed in a human-inhabited environment (HIE) and three others in an impacted environment presently uninhabited by humans (EUH), from 1800 to 0600 hours. The captured sand flies were marked with yellow, blue, or red fluorescent powder, according to the environments where they were captured. All marked sand flies were released at 0700 hours at a point between the three environments. The recaptures were made with 28 Falcâo traps, distributed in the environments from for 10 consecutive days. The sand flies recaptured were examined under a stereomicroscope and later identified. It was concluded that sand flies are able to disperse over an average distance of 73 m, reaching 130 m in 24 h, showing that: 1) the sand flies were attracted with different intensities to each environment, and the ability to move among different environments allows the existence of enzootic cycle of Leishmania; 2) the sand flies possess a spatial memory, olfactory memory, or both, that enable them to return to the environment where they were captured initially, although the distances were different.