Manuela Gouvêa Campêlo dos Santos

Aspectos demográficos e manifestações clínicas bucais de pacientes soropositivos para o HIV/Aids

INTRODUCTION: The oral and perioral lesions are common in patients infected with HIV, and may represent the first signs of the disease, even before the systemic manifestations. OBJECTIVE : This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of oral manifestations in HIV seropositive individuals, considering the aspects socio-demographic, immunological and therapeutic. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Was performed nature study clinical-epidemiological transverse, between October 2007 to April 2008, with a sample of 40 patients. Was used the technique of intensive direct observation through appropriate clinical exam. Data were recorded on data sheets pre-prepared and analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULT: There was a prevalence of females (52.5%), aged 40-49 years (45%). Treatment with antiretroviral drugs was found in 85.0% of cases, all being with high power therapy (HAART). It was observed that 52.5% of patients had a TCD4+ lymphocyte count above 500cel/mm ³ and 50.0% had an undetectable viral load. The prevalence of oral manifestations was 42.5%, the most significant for pseudomembranous candidiasis (19.23%), followed necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis (15.38%), hairy leukoplakia (11.54%) and angular cheilitis (11.54%). No association was observed between oral lesions and viral load (p=0.1268) nor the TCD4 cell count (p=0.3458). CONCLUSION: Prevalence of some oral manifestations associated with HIV infection is still high, with pseudomembranous candidiasis infection more prevalent, mainly among people with low education levels and longer HIV infection, independent of the therapy and immune status of the patient.

Punica granatum Linn. prevention of oral candidiasis in patients undergoing anticancer treatment

Introduction Oral candidiasis is considered one of the complications of antineoplastic therapy of head and neck. Studies show that herbal medicine has proven to be a promising alternative for the treatment of candidiasis. Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of the gel Punica granatum Linn. in the prevention of oral candidiasis in patients undergoing radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, and adverse effects associated with its use. Material and method It was performed a clinical trial, double blind, in the period 2012-2013, with patients seen at a referral hospital for cancer treatment. The sample consisted of 17 patients who did not have signs nor symptoms of oral candidiasis. These patients were divided into two groups: experimental (n=11): composed of patients who used the gel Punica granatum Linn. 6.25% since the beginning of the anticancer treatment and completed a week after the end of the treatment regimen; control (n=6): for patients who used the gel Miconazol 2%, following the same guidelines of the previous group. Data were tabulated and analyzed using descriptive statistics, the chi-square test and calculation of continuing Yates correction (p<0.05). Result There was no oral candidiasis in 63.6% of patients in the experimental group and in none of the control group patients. Conclusion Most patients who used the experimental gel showed no clinical signs of fungal infection, and there was no association of adverse effects.

Queilite actínica: avaliação histopatológica de 44 casos

Objetivo:Descrever os aspectos epidemiologicos, clinicos e histopatologicos da queilite actinica.Material e metodo:Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo a partir de casos com diagnostico clinico de queilite actinica, registrados no arquivo histopatologico do Servico de Cirurgia de Cabeca e Pescoco do Hospital Napoleao Laureano, Paraiba, relativos ao periodo de 2000 a 2007. Foram selecionados 44 blocos parafinados, que apresentavam condicoes de reavaliacao histologica atraves da confeccao de novas lâminas. Os novos cortes foram corados em Hematoxilina e Eosina, e a avaliacao histopatologica foi realizada por dois examinadores independentes, sendo as alteracoes classificadas de acordo com OMS. Realizou-se analise estatistica descritiva em programa SPSS for Windows versao 13.Resultado:Do total da amostra, 52,3% (23) dos casos foram diagnosticados em homens e 47,7% (21) em mulheres, com idade variando de 27 a 92 anos. A maioria dos individuos (81,9%) tinha mais de 40 anos. Em relacao as caracteristicas histologicas, 68,2% (30) dos casos exibiram algum grau de displasia epitelial, sendo 36,3% (16) classificados como displasia leve, 20,4% (9) como displasia moderada e 11,3% (5), displasia severa. Em 15,9% (7), ocorreu carcinoma de celulas escamosas. No tecido epitelial de revestimento labial, os achados histologicos mais frequentes e identificados foram presenca de degeneracao hidropica (79,5%) e hipergranulose (56,8%). Infiltrado inflamatorio foi observado em 88,6% dos casos e elastose solar, em 86,4%.Conclusao:Com base nos resultados da amostra estudada, podemos concluir que a maioria das lesoes de queilite actinica acometeu labio inferior de homens, com mais de 40 anos de idade. A analise histopatologica revelou displasia e atipia celular, infiltrado inflamatorio e presenca de elastose solar, que sao caracteristicas comuns em lesoes de QA.

ESTOMATITE PROTÉTICA: PREVALÊNCIA E CORRELAÇÃO COM IDADE E GÊNERO

Objective: To determine the prevalence of denture stomatitis in denture users and to analyze associated factors. Material and Methods: The sample was collected from patients’ clinical records at the Department of Stomatology, Federal University of Paraiba, in the period 2008-2009. Were collected data on age, sex, type of dental prosthesis used and denture stomatitis diagnosis. Data obtained were processed into a statistical program, and it was employed a descriptive analysis and chi-square test, considering p less than 0.05. Results: Of 512 patients attended during the study period, 174 were dental prostheses users, from who 35% (61) had a diagnosis of denture stomatitis. This lesion was more frequent among women with 77% percentage, and 23% occurred in men. Patients’ ages ranged from 25 to 87 years, with 52.2 years average. The most affected age group was between 51 and 60 years. Regarding the type of prosthesis, 59% wore removable partial dentures and 42% total prosthesis. The denture stomatitis was significantly associated with age, gender and type of prosthesis used, for all variables (p=0.000). Conclusion: The results showed considerable prevalence of denture stomatitis among denture users and suggest that the occurrence of this pathology was influenced by age and female gender. DESCRIPTORS: Stomatitis. Dental Prosthesis. Candidiasis.

AVALIAÇÃO DAS NORMAS DE BIOSSEGURANÇA NAS CLÍNICAS ODONTOLÓGICAS DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA PARAÍBA

Objective: To observe the implementation of biosafety norms in terms of physical structure in dental clinics of the Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, as well as to assess the knowledge degree of the cleaning staff. Material and methods: From October/2008 to February/2009 six dental clinics were assessed through a script with variables related to ergonomics and biosafety. Simultaneously, were made floor plans for those dental clinics under evaluation. The cleaning staff answered a questionnaire on the knowledge degree and working conditions from the point of view of biosafety. Results: There are deficiencies in the scheme of dental chairs and wash basins distribution, inadequacies in the ventilation system and the number of dental equipment exceeds the size of the clinics. Conclusion: The dental clinics surveyed did not obey to the standards for the construction of collective clinics and were in need of reassessment and changes in their infrastructure. It is also expected to provide guidance to dentists, architects and managers in the proper organization of the operative area, as well as to contribute to adoption of biosecurity measures by the cleaning staff. Descriptors: Biosafety. Ergonomics. Contamination.

Ulotomia: coadjuvante do tratamento da má oclusão

Objetivo: relatar um caso clinico, no qual a tecnica cirurgica de ulotomia foi utilizada como tratamento inicial de correcao de ma oclusao dentaria, evitando maiores alteracoes na oclusao. Relato de caso: paciente de sete anos de idade, sexo feminino, procurou atendimento odontologico referindo apresentar um atraso na erupcao do elemento dentario 12. Foi observada a presenca de tecido gengival de coloracao mais palida e que, ao toque, evidenciava-se a borda incisal do referido elemento dentario. Alem disso, foi verificada a presenca de inflamacao e hiperplasia gengival na regiao dos dentes ântero-superiores, devido aos problemas oclusais, que impediam o fechamento normal da boca, levando a paciente a condicao de respiradora bucal. Dessa forma, optou-se pela ulotomia por se tratar de um procedimento cirurgico minimamente invasivo ,visando apenas a exerese do tecido gengival que revestia a coroa de dente nao irrompido, permitindo assim um caminho desimpedido para vir a ocupar a sua posicao no arco dentario. Consideracoes finais: a ulotomia e um procedimento de facil execucao para o profissional e rapida recuperacao para o paciente infantil, sendo um passo inicial para o tratamento da ma-olcusao.