Marcella Costa Souto Duarte

Eutanásia, distanásia e ortotanásia: revisão integrativa da literatura

There is currently widespread concern among researchers in debating questions that generate ethical conflicts within the scope of health care geared to the human being in the terminal phase, especially euthanasia, dysthanasia and orthothanasia. This study sought to characterize the scientific production at the national level on euthanasia, dysthanasia and orthothanasia. It involves an integrative review of the literature. The study universe consisted of 41 publications related to the theme in question by means of a survey conducted online in the Virtual Health Library in the Capes Portal and in the Bioethical Magazine. Of these, 25 articles comprised the sample taking into consideration the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data collection occurred in March 2013, by means of an instrument containing information pertinent to the proposed objective. The key words used were euthanasia, dysthanasia and orthothanasia. With respect to the focus of the publications, three themes emerged: Theme I - Euthanasia; Theme II - Dysthanasia and Theme III - Orthothanasia. The studies analyzed reflected the current concern in terms of ethical dilemmas concerning care of the human being in the end of life phase. Thus, it is hoped that this research can contribute to bolster the critical reading with respect to the theme.

Prevalência e fatores sociodemográficos associados à fragilidade em mulheres idosas

Estudio transversal que objetivo estimar la prevalencia de fragilidad en mujeres adultas mayores residentes en el municipio de Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brasil; y identificar posibles asociaciones entre fragilidad y variables socio-demograficas. La muestra comprendio 166 mujeres ancianas, entrevistadas en los domicilios entre abril a junio de 2011. Para la colecta de datos se utilizo un instrumento estructurado con preguntas relativas a las variables socio-demograficas y la Edmonton Frail Scale. El analisis descriptiva de los datos, realizado por el programa SPSS 15.0, mostro que la mayoria de las adultas mayores (60.8%) evidenciaban algun grado de fragilidad. Entre ellas, 21.7% eran aparentemente vulnerables, 23.5% evidenciaban fragilidad leve, 7.8% fragilidad moderada y 7.8% fragilidad grave. Se verifico asociacion del fenomeno con la edad, escolaridad e ingresos mensuales, condiciones sobre las cuales los enfermeros deben actuar con vistas a la prevencion del evento.Cross-sectional study that aimed to estimating the prevalence of frailty in older women living in the city of João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil; and to identify possible associations between frailty and socio-demographic variables. The sample included 166 elderly women were interviewed in their home between April and June 2011. For data was collected using a structure instrument to questions on socio-demographic variables and the Edmonton Frail Scale. The descriptive data analysis, performed by SPSS 15.0, showed that most elderly women 60.8% showed some degree of fragility. Among them, 21.7% were apparently vulnerable, 23.5% mild frailty, 7.8% moderate and 7.8% severe frailty. It was found an association of the phenomena with age, education and income, conditions under which nurses must act in order to prevent the event.

REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS E ENVELHECIMENTO: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA DE LITERATURA

Objective: To investigate themed social representations and aging in scientific publications in the health field. Material and Methods: this is an integrative review of the literature performed in the database Electronic Library Online (SciELO) of the Virtual Library in Health (VLH). The sample consisted of 25 articles available between 2000 and 2011. The descriptor ‘social representations and aging’ was selected for retrieving papers. Results: The analysis of the results was carried out by content analysis technique. In this respect, three thematic categories emerged: (1) Quality of life and health-disease process; (2) social representations about aging, elaborated by elderly members of living together groups; and (3) Care for the elderly people: family-caregivers relationship and institutionalization. Conclusion: The diverse studies have indicated the desire of the elderly in achieving their own autonomy, improving health and quality of life. It is also emphasized the benefits of family ties and care, as well as the overload to which caregivers are subjected. DESCRIPTORES: Social Perception. Aging. Health.

Prevalence and sociodemographic factors associated with frailty in elderly women

Estudio transversal que objetivo estimar la prevalencia de fragilidad en mujeres adultas mayores residentes en el municipio de Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brasil; y identificar posibles asociaciones entre fragilidad y variables socio-demograficas. La muestra comprendio 166 mujeres ancianas, entrevistadas en los domicilios entre abril a junio de 2011. Para la colecta de datos se utilizo un instrumento estructurado con preguntas relativas a las variables socio-demograficas y la Edmonton Frail Scale. El analisis descriptiva de los datos, realizado por el programa SPSS 15.0, mostro que la mayoria de las adultas mayores (60.8%) evidenciaban algun grado de fragilidad. Entre ellas, 21.7% eran aparentemente vulnerables, 23.5% evidenciaban fragilidad leve, 7.8% fragilidad moderada y 7.8% fragilidad grave. Se verifico asociacion del fenomeno con la edad, escolaridad e ingresos mensuales, condiciones sobre las cuales los enfermeros deben actuar con vistas a la prevencion del evento.Cross-sectional study that aimed to estimating the prevalence of frailty in older women living in the city of João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil; and to identify possible associations between frailty and socio-demographic variables. The sample included 166 elderly women were interviewed in their home between April and June 2011. For data was collected using a structure instrument to questions on socio-demographic variables and the Edmonton Frail Scale. The descriptive data analysis, performed by SPSS 15.0, showed that most elderly women 60.8% showed some degree of fragility. Among them, 21.7% were apparently vulnerable, 23.5% mild frailty, 7.8% moderate and 7.8% severe frailty. It was found an association of the phenomena with age, education and income, conditions under which nurses must act in order to prevent the event.

Experiência existencial de crianças em tratamento quimioterápico sobre a importância do brincar

Objective: to understand the existential experience of children undergoing chemotherapy on the importance of playing. Methods: qualitative research performed in the outpatient clinic of a teaching hospital with five children undergoing chemotherapy. Data were collected through the interviews and analyzed in the light of the Humanistic Nursing Theory. Results: the discourses revealed the childrens understanding of their illness and their treatment, evidencing the deprivations experienced by them and the situation of emotional imbalance. Playing, according to the childrens reports, elicited positive feelings and represented a way for time to pass faster. Conclusion: the chemotherapy treatment was considered ambiguous, being an unpleasant experience, but necessary for cure. The games in the outpatient chemotherapy service were a viable tool to deal with the discontent before the situation lived, provoking positive feelings such as happiness and satisfaction.

Importance of Palliative Care in Pediatric Oncology

To analyze the testimonies of clinical nurses about the importance of the practice of palliative care in Pediatric Oncology, in the light of the Humanistic Nursing Theory. This is a qualitative research conducted with ten nurses from a pediatric unit of a public hospital in the city of Joao Pessoa – PB, through a semi-structured interview, using Paterson´s and Zderad´s Humanistic Nursing Theory as theoretical and methodological support. The following categories emerged from the analysis: palliative care is essential for promoting humanized care of children with cancer, in end-stage; and palliative care value the communication among nurses, child, and family. It is concluded the need for the promotion of humanized practice by nurses, both the child under a palliative care, as the family, showing to be motivated, sensitized and respecting them in their uniqueness and authenticity, as preconized by the Humanistic Nursing Theory.

Cuidados paliativos e luto: um estudo bibliométrico

Analisar a producao cientifica, publicada em periodicos online, sobre os cuidados paliativos e luto. Trata-se de um estudo bibliometrico, realizado com 48 artigos, publicados entre 2005 e 2014, selecionados nas bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE, IBECS, PubMed, SciELO e DOAJ. Os anos de 2012 e 2013 apresentaram um quantitativo maior de publicacoes. Foram identificados 37 veiculos de divulgacao, dos quais o periodico Medicina Paliativa Journal foi o que mais publicou sobre a tematica, e o American Journal of Psychiatry apresentou o maior fator de impacto. A maioria das publicacoes foi produzida por pesquisadores da area de Medicina e predominaram autores com o titulo de doutor. Espera-se ter contribuido para estimular as producoes cientificas nessa tematica e subsidiar na difusao desse conhecimento especifico e auxiliar na preparacao e formacao dos profissionais para cuidado ao paciente sob cuidados paliativos no enfrentamento do luto.Analyze the scientific production published on online journals about palliative care and grief. This is a bibliometric study, conducted with 48 articles, published between 2005 and 2014, selected in the databases LILACS, IBECS, MEDLINE, PubMed, SciELO and DOAJ. The years 2012 and 2013 presented a greater quantitative of publications. Were identified 37 vehicles of which the Palliative Medicine Journal was the one that most published on the subject, and the American Journal of Psychiatry showed the highest impact factor. Most of the publications were produced by medical researchers and predominated authors with PhD. It is expected to have contributed to stimulate scientific production in this thematic and subsidize the dissemination of this specific knowledge and assist in the preparation and training of professionals for patient care under palliative care in the confrontation of grief.

Palliative care: the speech medical residents

Introduction: palliative care is provided by a multidisciplinary team that consists of Nursing, Psychology, Physiotherapy, Social work, and Medicine. Although this type of therapy is essential for patients outside of the healing possibilities, it is evident that these caring procedures are little disseminated in medical courses resulting in lack of knowledge by newly graduated doctors. Objectives: to investigate the medical residents’ speech about the goals of palliative care. Methods: this was an exploratory research with a qualitative approach. The study included 19 medical residents in the area of anesthesia and surgery at a hospital in Joao Pessoa-PB. The empirical material was analyzed qualitatively by the collective subject speech technique. Results: it was possible to identify the following core ideas from the speeches of participants: palliative care aimed at improving the quality of life of patients with incurable diseases and at terminal stages; this care seeks to provide comfort and dignity to the patient without therapeutic possibility of cure; they provide relief from symptoms, pain, and suffering for the terminally ill patient. Conclusions: resident physicians understand that the palliative care aimed at improving the quality of life through symptom relief and pain control, through which Palliative care: the speech medical residents Abdon Moreira Lustosa1, Fernando Dutra2, Marcia Adriana Dias Meirelles Moreira3, Carla Braz Evangelista4, Marcella Costa Souto Duarte5, Ana Aline Lacet Zaccara6, Fernando Andre Costa de Souza7 1 Medico.Mestrando da Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul. Sao PauloSP. Anestesiologista e Preceptor da Residencia Medica em Anestesiologia do Hospital Universitario Lauro Wanderley da Universidade Federal da Paraiba – UFPB. Joao Pessoa, PB – Brasil. 2 Quimico. Doutor. Coordenador do Curso de Quimica, professor do Curso de Quimica e do Programa de Mestrado em Ciencias da Saude da Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul. Sao Paulo, SP – Brasil. 3 Medica. Mestranda da Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul. Sao Paulo – SP. Professor do Centro de Ciencias Medicas e Supervisora da Residencia Medica em Anestesiologia da UFPB. Joao Pessoa, PB – Brasil. 4 Enfermeira .Mestranda da Universidade Federal da Paraiba. Membro do Nucleo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Bioetica do Centro de Ciencias da Saude-CCS da UFPB. Joao Pessoa, PB – Brasil. 5 Enfermeira. Doutoranda da Universidade Federal da Paraiba. Professora do Curso de Graduacao em Enfermagem, Centro Universitario de Joao Pessoa/UNIPE. Joao Pessoa, PB – Brasil. 6 Enfermeira. Mestre. Membro do Nucleo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Bioetica CCS/UFPB. Joao Pessoa, PB – Brasil. 7 Academico do Curso de Medicina da Faculdade de Medicina de Nova EsperancaFAMENE. Joao Pessoa, PB – Brasil. Cuidados paliativos: discurso de medicos residentes DOI: 10.5935/2238-3182.20150072

O LÚDICO COMO ESTRATÉGIA DE COMUNICAÇÃO PARA A PROMOÇÃO DO CUIDADO HUMANIZADO COM A CRIANÇA HOSPITALIZADA

Objective: The present study aims to address the importance of the ludic as a communication strategy to humanize care towards hospitalized children. Material and Method: This was a literature review based on publications. Results: Most of the studies investigated emphasize that the ludic, in the hospital setting, stimulates the children to expose their feelings, preferences, worries and habits, as well as strengthens the relationship between them and the health professional. Furthermore, the ludic facilitates the understanding of the children’s needs and feelings face to the new situations arising from their diseases. Conclusion: The ludic as communication strategy expands the bond between health professionals and the child, favoring a humanized assistance and minimizing the suffering arising hospitalization.

Prevalencia y factores sociodemográficos asociados a la fragilidad en mujeres ancianas

Estudio transversal que objetivo estimar la prevalencia de fragilidad en mujeres adultas mayores residentes en el municipio de Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brasil; y identificar posibles asociaciones entre fragilidad y variables socio-demograficas. La muestra comprendio 166 mujeres ancianas, entrevistadas en los domicilios entre abril a junio de 2011. Para la colecta de datos se utilizo un instrumento estructurado con preguntas relativas a las variables socio-demograficas y la Edmonton Frail Scale. El analisis descriptiva de los datos, realizado por el programa SPSS 15.0, mostro que la mayoria de las adultas mayores (60.8%) evidenciaban algun grado de fragilidad. Entre ellas, 21.7% eran aparentemente vulnerables, 23.5% evidenciaban fragilidad leve, 7.8% fragilidad moderada y 7.8% fragilidad grave. Se verifico asociacion del fenomeno con la edad, escolaridad e ingresos mensuales, condiciones sobre las cuales los enfermeros deben actuar con vistas a la prevencion del evento.Cross-sectional study that aimed to estimating the prevalence of frailty in older women living in the city of João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil; and to identify possible associations between frailty and socio-demographic variables. The sample included 166 elderly women were interviewed in their home between April and June 2011. For data was collected using a structure instrument to questions on socio-demographic variables and the Edmonton Frail Scale. The descriptive data analysis, performed by SPSS 15.0, showed that most elderly women 60.8% showed some degree of fragility. Among them, 21.7% were apparently vulnerable, 23.5% mild frailty, 7.8% moderate and 7.8% severe frailty. It was found an association of the phenomena with age, education and income, conditions under which nurses must act in order to prevent the event.