Safira Valença Bispo

Consumo, digestibilidade e parâmetros ruminais em ovinos recebendo silagens e fenos em associação à palma forrageira

The aim of the present experiment was to assess the effect of the association of the spineless cactus with sunflower silage, sorghum silage, leucena hay, pigeon pea hay or elephant grass hay on intake, apparent digestibility of nutrients and ruminal measures in mixed breed sheep, with fistulas in the rumen. Five sheep with a mean body weight of 30kg (±0,3), were distributed in 5x5 Latin squares. Intake of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, total carbohydrates, total digestible nutrients (in kg/day), neutral detergent fiber (in % of live weight), apparent digestibility of crude protein and non-fiber carbohydrates were not influenced by the association of spineless cactus and the silages or hays. Ether extract intake was greater for the elephant grass hay treatment in comparison to sunflower silage and similar to the sorghum silage and hays. Apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber and total carbohydrates was not influenced by the association of spineless cactus and silages or hays. Apparent digestibility of dry matter for sorghum silage was higher in comparison to the leucena hay and elephant grass hay. There was no significant difference between pH and ruminal ammonia concentration for the treatments at different sampling times. The association of spineless cactus and silages or hays did not alter dry matter intake and energy. Sorghum silages and sunflower and leucena, pigeon pea and elephant grass hay associated the spineless cactus show a good food alternative to sheep in semiarid region of the northeastern Brazil.

Substituição do fubá de milho por gérmen integral de milho na dieta de ovinos

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da substituicao do fuba de milho pelo germen integral de milho, sobre a digestibilidade dos nutrientes na dieta e sobre o desempenho e caracteristicas de carcaca de ovinos Santa Ines. Quarenta animais, com peso inicial de 17,0±2,5 kg, foram confinados em baias individuais, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e oito repeticoes. As taxas de substituicao foram: 0, 25, 50, 75 e 100%. Ao abate, foram obtidos os pesos de carcaca quente e de trato digestivo cheio e vazio, a area de olho de lombo, a espessura de gordura subcutânea e o rendimento de cortes comerciais. A substituicao do fuba de milho pelo germen integral reduziu linearmente o consumo de materia seca e os coeficientes de digestibilidade de: materia seca, materia orgânica, proteina bruta, fibra em detergente neutro e extrato etereo. A conversao alimentar nao foi afetada pelos tratamentos. O ganho medio diario, o peso vivo final, a area de olho de lombo, a espessura de gordura e os rendimentos de carcaca quente e de cortes comerciais diminuiram linearmente com o aumento nos niveis de substituicao. A substituicao do fuba de milho pelo germen integral de milho, nas dietas de ovinos, prejudica o desempenho e as caracteristicas de carcaca dos animais.

Silagens e fenos em associação à palma forrageira para vacas em lactação. Consumo, digestibilidade e desempenho

The aim of the present experiment was to assess the effect of the association of the spineless cactus with sunflower silage, sorghum silage, leucena hay, pigeon pea hay or elephant grass hay on intake, apparent digestibility of nutrients and milk yield and composition in crossbred lactating cows. Five cows with average body weight and daily milk yield of 516.1 and 11.1kg, respectively. The intakes of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, total carbohydrates and non-fibrous carbohydrates, milk yield, contents and yield (kg/day) of fat, protein and total solids of milk and digestibility of crude protein and non-fibrous carbohydrates were not influenced by the combination of the silage and hay with cactus. The ether extract intake, fat-corrected milk yield and feed efficiency were higher to treatment with sunflower silage compared to hays. The neutral detergent fiber intake was higher in the treatment with elephant grass hay compared to sunflower silage. Sunflower silage produced higher fat-corrected milk and better feed efficiency when compared to hay.

Diferentes suplementos associados à palma forrageira em dietas para ovinos: consumo, digestibilidade aparente e parâmetros ruminais

The study was conducted with the objective to evaluate the intake, apparent digestibility of the nutrients and of ruminal fermentation characteristics of sheep fed diets based on spineless cactus, sugar cane bagasse and urea associated to diferents supplements. Five non-castrated male sheep were allotted to a 5 x 5 Latin square design, with five animals (lines) and five periods (columns). Each experimental period last 13 day. The ration without supplement was composed of 67.6% of spineless cactus, 27.7% of sugar cane bagasse, 2.7% of urea:ammonium sulphate mixture (9:1) and 2.0% of mineral mixture, in dry matter (DM) basis. The other treatments consisted of the addition of a supplement to the ration (0,4% of body weight), being: wheat meal, soybean meal, cottonseed meal or whole cottonseed. Were not observed effects of supplement association on the evaluated parameters, being: 3.29%, 60.61%, 76.37%, 6.51 and 11.85mg/100mL the means value for intake of DM (% of body weight), digestibility of DM and CP, pH and ruminal ammonium, respectively. The choice of supplement should be associated with the availability and cost.

Estratégia de nutrientes para ovinos em distintas sequências de fornecimento alimentar em dieta a base de palma forrageira

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the sequence of the supply of ingredients (feeding strategy), based diet forage cactus (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm Dyck) on intake, digestibility of nutrients, pH and ammonia concentration in the rumen fluid. The ingredients were provided five sheep of nondescript breeding, averaging 38,5 kg, gifted with rumen cannule the following sequences: 1 – (TMR, total mixed ration) at 7:00 and 15:00 h; 2 – (C, concentrate) at 7:00 h, (SC, spineless cactus) at 8:00 h, (C) at 15:00 h and (TGH, tifton grass hay) at 16:00 h; 3 – (C) at 7:00 h, (TGH) at 8:00 h, (C) at 15:00 h and (SC) at 16:00 h; 4 – (SC) at 7:00 h, (C) at 8:00 h, (TGH) at 15:00 and (C) at 16:00 h and 5 – (TGH) at 7:00 h, (C) at 8:00 h, (SC) at 15:00 h and (C) at 16:00 h. Were distributed into a 5 × 5 Latin Square with five treatments, five animals and five periods. The nutrient intake were not influenced by sequences The digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter(OM), total digestible nutrients (TDN), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and total carbohydrates differ between treatments. The ruminal pH and ammonia nitrogen were influenced by the times in collections sequences TGH/ C/SC/ TGH and C/TGH/C/SC. All feeding strategies can be used to feed sheep, except for total mixed ration.

Sorghum silage production system in Cariri, Paraíba

The objective of this study was to characterize the sorghum farming and ensiling systems in the Cariri region of Paraiba State (Brazil), and to identify different groups of producers based on productive characteristics using frequency distributions, and principal component and cluster analyses. A total of 100 milk producers in the Caturite and Boqueirao municipalities in the dairy region of Cariri, Paraiba, were selected to fill out a questionnaire comprised of 32 questions to collect data on both qualitative and quantitative variables. Of the 100 properties studied, 88% cultivated sorghum as silage forage for feeding dairy cows, demonstrating the importance of this cultural practice in the region of Cariri. Statistical analyses based on the variables studied identified four groups, composed of 35, 8, 6, and 39 farmers. The sorghum cultivation and ensiling production system in Cariri can be improved through the evaluation and improvement of soil fertility to obtain higher forage production, application of weed control using herbicides, and implementation of mechanized planting and harvesting to improve efficiency and reduce costs associated with manpower.

Gérmen do milho como substituto ao milho na dieta de ovinos Santa Inês confinados: composição química e lipídica da carne

The per capita consumption of sheep meat in Brazil is still small compared to meat originating from other animal species, the lipid profile of meat named as responsible for reduced consumption. Despite the influence of sex, breed, weight at slaughter and environment, diet is seen as a major factor influencing the lipid composition of sheep meat. This study evaluated the effect of replacing corn by corn germ meal (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) in the diet of Santa Ines sheep on the meats chemical and lipid composition. Forty non-emasculated animals were distributed in a randomized block experimental design, with five treatments and eight replications, and slaughtered after 70 days of confinement. There was no influence of the substitution on the meats chemical composition. No effects on the total saturated fatty acids (SFA) were observed, but there was a decreasing linear effect on the total monounsaturated fatty acids (MFA) and an increasing linear effect on the total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PFA). The PFA:SFA and ω-6:ω-3 ratios increased with the substitution level. Corn germ meal had no effect on the meats chemical composition, but improved the nutritional quality of the lipid fraction, enriching it with compounds beneficial for human health.

Carcass characteristics of Canindé goats subjected to feed restriction

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of feed restriction on the carcass characteristics of castrated Canindé goat kids. A randomized block design was used, in which 21 goat kids with a body weight (BW) of 15.9±1.0kg were allocated to three levels of feed restriction: ad libitum, 20% and 40% restriction related to the ad libitum intake. The diet consisted of 55% forage (Tifton) and 45% concentrate. All animals were slaughtered when the kids fed ad libitum reached a BW of 25kg. After slaughter, the carcasses were chilled for 24 hours and subsequently measured. Kids fed ad libitum and subjected to 20% feed restriction showed similar morphometric carcass measurements, except for the chest circumference. Goat kids fed ad libitum exhibited greater values for warm and cold carcass yields compared with those subjected to 40% feed restriction and did not differ from the kids under 20% feed restriction. Weights of the commercial cuts showed decreasing mean values according to the intensity of feed restriction. Castrated Canindé goat kids subjected to 20% feed restriction presented similar carcass yields and proportion of commercial cuts to those fed ad libitum.

Desenvolvimento dos órgãos e deposição de gorduras em cabritos Canindé sob restrição alimentar

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of feed restriction on the development of organs and fat deposition in castrated Caninde goats. Twenty one goats were distributed in a completely randomized design, with initial body weight of 15.9 ± 1.03kg. The goats were allocated into three levels of feed restriction (seven animals per level): ad libitum; moderate restriction (restriction of 20% on the amount of feed consumed by the animals fed ad libitum) and severe restriction (40% restriction on the amount of feed consumed by the animals fed ad libitum). The diet consisted of 55% forage (Tifton) and 45% concentrate. At 110 days of experiment, the goats were slaughtered with abody weight of 23.5kg ± 2.5kg. The components included the internal organs (spleen, heart, liver, pancreas, lungs, kidneys, blood) the emptied and cleaned digestive tract and fat deposits (in heart, mesenteric, omental and pelvic-renal) were weighed. Feed restriction in Caninde goats affected the weight of organs and fat deposition in regions more involved with the energy storage function (mesenteric, omental and pelvic-renal) (P 0.05), indicating that even under feed restriction organ development is proportional to the development of the body.

Non carcass components of lambs of different genotypes

The objective of this study was to evaluate the weight and the economic viability of the weight of components of the Santa Ines sheep and crossbred Dorper x Santa Ines finished in feedlot system. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Station Benjamin Maranhão, belonging to State Company of Agricultural Research of Paraiba (EMEPA). 30 animals were used (10 Santa Ines, 10 1⁄2 Dorper crossbred x 1⁄2 Santa Ines and 10 3⁄4 Dorper x 1⁄4 Santa Ines), housed in collective cages in the period from April to June 2013. The diet was provided in the form of mixture complete, consisting of 17% CP and 78% Revista Brasileira de Higiene e Sanidade Animal Brazilian Journal of Hygiene and Animal Sanity ISSN: 1981-2965