Valéria Pereira Rodrigues

Requirements of digestible methionine + cystine for broiler chickens at 1 to 42 days of age

The objective of this work was to estimate requirements of digestible methionine + cystine for broiler chickens from 1 to 42 days of age. It was carried out four experiments for each one of the following phases: pre-initial, initial, growing and final. The birds were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design, with six treatments and six replicates. Treatments consisted of a basal feed for each phase, deficient in digestible methionine + cystine and supplemented with DL-methionine to supply six levels of digestible methionine + cystine, resulting in different digestible methionine + cystine:digestible lysine ratios. In the pre-initial phase, levels of digestible methionine + cystine did not influence feed intake and feed conversion. However, weight gain responded in a quadratic way. In the initial phase, levels of digestible methionine + cystine had decreasing linear effect on feed intake whereas weight gain and feed conversion were influenced in a quadratic manner. In the growth and final phases, feed intake was not influenced by levels of digestible methionine + cystine, but weight gain and feed conversion presented quadratic response. The levels of 0.873; 0.755; 0.748 and 0.661% of digestible methionine + cystine in the diet or the daily intake of 183; 575; 1,104 and 1,212 mg of digestible methionine + cystine are recommended for the pre-initial, initial, growth and final phases, respectively, which corresponds to the ratios of 71; 70; 76 and 72% of digestible methionine + cystine to digestible lysine.

Exigências de lisina digestível para codornas japonesas na fase de postura

The objective was to estimate the nutritional requirements of digestible lysine for Japanese laying quails. Two hundred and forty Japanese quails were allotted to a completely randomized block designs, with five diets, with six replications of eight birds each. Diets consisted of a basal ration deficient in lysine and supplemented with five levels 0.88, 0.96, 1.04, 1.12 or 1.20%) of digestible lysine. Feed consumption, egg production, egg weight and egg mass, feed conversion by egg mass (FCEM) and by dozen egg were evaluated. It was also evaluated, albumen weight, yolk weight and shell weight, percentages of albumen, yolk and shell and egg specific gravity. Dietary digestible lysine level linearly influenced feed intake, while egg production was affected in a quadratic faction by digestible lysine levels. The other characteristics were not affected by dietary digestible lysine levels. Dietary digestible lysine requirement for Japanese laying quails was estimated in 1.03%, which correspond to a daily intake of 292 mg of digestible lysine.

Scientific progress in the production of monogastric in the first decade of the twenty-first century

Significant progress in the area of animal production is due to the development of researches on genetics, environment, health, management and nutrition. The search for better management conditions that benefit animal welfare resulted in changes to the installation. The genetic improvement more productive animals has encouraged the number of searches to reduce the incidence of diseases, mainly of metabolic origin. The incorporation in products with higher bioavailability as industrial amino acid and organic minerals, the inclusion of products modifiers enteric of microflora as probiotic, prebiotic, symbiotic, nucleotides and exogenous enzymes, has benefited the use of nutrients are not well absorbed and often unavailable in the diet. Biotechnology latest as nutrition in egg and molecular biology has been used for the benefit of the increase animal productivity.

Nutritional requirements of digestible methionine+cystine for Japanese quails in production phase.

This experiment was carried with Japanese quails in the egg production phase with the objective of determining the requirements of digestible methionine + cystine (M+C) for higher production and egg quality. A total of 240 Japanese quails were distributed in a randomized complete block design. The basal diet was supplemented with different DL-methionine levels, corresponding to digestible methionine + cystine levels of 0.55, 0.61, 0.67, 0.73 and 0.79%. The characteristics analyzed were feed intake (g/quail/day), egg production (%), egg weight (g), egg mass (g/quail/day), feed conversion (dozen eggs/egg mass and kg feed/dozen eggs), egg shell (% and g), albumen (% and g), yolk (% and g) and specific gravity (g/cm3). The digestible M+C level for Japanese quails was 0.696% in the diet, corresponding to a daily intake of 186.7 mg/quail.

Exigência nutricional de proteína bruta para codornas japonesas (Coturnix coturnix japonica) na fase de postura

The aim of this study was to determine the best level of crude protein in the diet of Japanese quails in the production phase. A total of 300 quails at 16 weeks of age in cages, in a completely randomized design with five treatments and six replicates of ten birds per experimental unit was used. The levels evaluated were 14, 17, 20, 23 and 26% crude protein and diets were formulated to be isoenergetic. A quadratic effect was observed for feed intake, egg weight, egg mass, energy intake, energy efficiency per dozen eggs, nitrogen digestibility, shell percentage, nitrogen retention, weight of yolk, albumen and shell. A linear effect was observed for egg production, protein intake, feed conversion by egg mass, energy efficiency per egg mass in kg, final weight and yolk percentage and specific gravity. There was no significant effect on feed conversion per dozen, percentage of albumen, shell thickness and serum uric acid. The recommendation is of a 20% crude protein level for Japanese quail during the laying phase.

Nutritional potassium requirement for laying Japanese quails

The objective of this study was to evaluate the potassium requirement for laying Japanese quails. Two hundred and forty quails were distributed in a randomized block design, with five treatments and six replicates, with eight birds each. The treatments consisted of a basal diet deficient in potassium (K) (2.50 g/kg), supplemented with potassium carbonate, to replace the inert, to reach levels of 2.50, 3.50, 4.50, 5.50 and 6.50 (g/kg) of K in the diet. There was a quadratic effect of K levels on feed intake, egg production, egg mass and feed conversion per egg mass and per egg dozen, estimating the requirements of 4.26, 4.41, 4.38, 4.43 and 4.48 (g/kg) of K diet, respectively. There was no significant effect on the levels of K in the diet on egg weight, albumen weight, percentage of yolk or shell and yolk color. However, yolk and shell weights reduced and the albumen percentage increased linearly with increasing levels of K in the diet. Despite the reduction of shell weight, the increased levels of K did not influence the specific gravity and shell thickness. The use of 4.41 g/kg of potassium is recommended in the diet for laying Japanese quails.

Chlorine requirement for Japanese laying quails

The objective of this study was to determine the chlorine nutritional requirement of Japanese Quails during the laying phase, based on performance and egg quality parameters. A total of 240 Japanese quails were distributed according to a randomized block design, with five treatments and six replicates, with 8 birds each. The experiment lasted 84 days, divided in four cycles of 21 days each. Treatments consisted of a basal diet formulated to meet the nutritional requirements, except for chlorine, and four supplementation levels with ammonium chloride, generating the levels 0.8; 1.6; 2.4; 3.2 and 4.0 g/kg. The parameters evaluated were: feed intake (g/bird/day), egg production (egg/bird/day), egg weight (g), egg mass (g), egg mass conversion (g/g), conversion per dozen eggs (kg/dz), weight of yolk (g/100 g of egg), albumen (g/100g of egg) and shell (g/100 g of egg), specific gravity (g/cm3) and shell thickness (mm). As a result of this study, feed intake, egg weight, weights of albumen, yolk, shell and specific gravity were not affected by treatments. There was a quadratic behavior for egg production, egg mass, egg mass conversion, conversion per dozen eggs and shell thickness according to the chlorine levels in the diets, with the requirements for those parameters established at 1.54; 1.37; 1.39 and 2.78 g/kg, respectively. The recommendation is 1.39 g/kg of chlorine and 244.22 mEq/kg of electrolyte balance in diets for Japanese quails.

Determinação da Relação Energia Metabolizável e Proteína Bruta sobre o Desempenho de Codornas Japonesas na Fase de Produção

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de diferentes niveis de energia metabolizavel, mantendo constante o nivel de proteina bruta, sobre o desempenho de codorna de postura. Foram utilizadas 300 codornas japonesas com 16 semanas de idade, distribuidas em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco densidades energeticas (2.500, 2.650, 2.800, 2.950 e 3.100 Kcal/Kg de energia metabolizavel) e seis repeticoes de 10 aves por unidade experimental. Os parâmetros avaliados foram consumo de racao (g/ave/dia), peso de ovo (g), massa de ovo (g/ave/dia), conversao alimentar (kg de racao/kg de massa e kg de racao/duzia de ovo), ingestao de proteina (g/ave/dia) e energia (kcal/ave/dia), eficiencia energetica (kcal de EM/duzia de ovo e kcal de EM/kg de ovo) e peso final da ave (g). O aumento da energia metabolizavel da dieta teve efeito significativo sobre os valores de consumo de racao, ingestao de proteina, peso de ovo, massa de ovo reduzindo linearmente seus valores. Nao foi verificado efeito significativo dos niveis de energia metabolizavel para a variavel producao de ovos, ingestao de energia eficiencia energetica (kcal/kg e kcal/dz) e peso final da ave. Racoes para codornas japonesas em postura devem conter 3.100 kcal de EM/kg para obtencao de melhor conversao alimentar por massa e por duzia de ovos. DOI: 10.15528/2176-4158/rcpa.v12n2p166-168