Cleber Franklin Santos de Oliveira

Valores energéticos e composição bromatológica dos fenos de jureminha, feijão bravo e maniçoba para aves

An experiment was carried out to determine the apparent metabolizable energy (AME), apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn) and chemical composition of bravo bean hay (HBB), jureminha hay (HJ) and manicoba hay (HM) for use in birds feeding. Two hundred and eighty, 17 days old broiler chicks were distributed according to a completely randomized design, into seven treatments organized in a factorial arrangement 3 x 2 + 1 (three hay types x two levels of substitution of the reference diet + reference diet), with four repetitions of 10 birds each. The contents of AME and AMEn of jureminha, bravo bean and manicoba hays were 3.205 and 2.911, 2.990 and 2.648, 2.728 and 2.419, respectively, when the ingredients test substituted 15% of the reference diet, and 2.678 and 2.371, 2.875 and 2.523, 2.277 and 1.956, respectively, when the ingredients test substituted 30% of the reference diet. Therefore, the level of substitution of the reference diet by the ingredient test affects AME and AMEn. Jureminha and bravo bean hays presented higher AME and AMEn values than manicoba hay for bird feeding.

Requirements of digestible methionine + cystine for broiler chickens at 1 to 42 days of age

The objective of this work was to estimate requirements of digestible methionine + cystine for broiler chickens from 1 to 42 days of age. It was carried out four experiments for each one of the following phases: pre-initial, initial, growing and final. The birds were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design, with six treatments and six replicates. Treatments consisted of a basal feed for each phase, deficient in digestible methionine + cystine and supplemented with DL-methionine to supply six levels of digestible methionine + cystine, resulting in different digestible methionine + cystine:digestible lysine ratios. In the pre-initial phase, levels of digestible methionine + cystine did not influence feed intake and feed conversion. However, weight gain responded in a quadratic way. In the initial phase, levels of digestible methionine + cystine had decreasing linear effect on feed intake whereas weight gain and feed conversion were influenced in a quadratic manner. In the growth and final phases, feed intake was not influenced by levels of digestible methionine + cystine, but weight gain and feed conversion presented quadratic response. The levels of 0.873; 0.755; 0.748 and 0.661% of digestible methionine + cystine in the diet or the daily intake of 183; 575; 1,104 and 1,212 mg of digestible methionine + cystine are recommended for the pre-initial, initial, growth and final phases, respectively, which corresponds to the ratios of 71; 70; 76 and 72% of digestible methionine + cystine to digestible lysine.

Níveis de cálcio em dietas para poedeiras semipesadas após o pico de postura

Two hundred and sixteen layers were raised from 39 to 55 weeks of age to study the effects of levels of calcium in the rations on performance and eggs quality of brown commercial layers. A completely randomized experimental design were used with six levels of calcium (3.0; 3.4; 3.8; 4.2; 4.6 and 5.0%) and six replicates of six layers hens. There was no effect of calcium levels on hen performance, however significantly affected the percentage of albumen and egg shell. The increase of calcium in the diet promoted increment in egg shell quality in relationship to other eggs components. The calcium level of 4.3% is recommended for brown layer hens after production peak.

Scientific progress in the production of monogastric in the first decade of the twenty-first century

Significant progress in the area of animal production is due to the development of researches on genetics, environment, health, management and nutrition. The search for better management conditions that benefit animal welfare resulted in changes to the installation. The genetic improvement more productive animals has encouraged the number of searches to reduce the incidence of diseases, mainly of metabolic origin. The incorporation in products with higher bioavailability as industrial amino acid and organic minerals, the inclusion of products modifiers enteric of microflora as probiotic, prebiotic, symbiotic, nucleotides and exogenous enzymes, has benefited the use of nutrients are not well absorbed and often unavailable in the diet. Biotechnology latest as nutrition in egg and molecular biology has been used for the benefit of the increase animal productivity.

Electrolyte balance in diets with reduced protein for semi-weighted laying hens in the second production cycle

The objective was to evaluate the effect of electrolyte balance in diets with reduced protein for semi-weighted Bovans Goldline laying hens in the second production cycle. The design was completely randomized with five treatments and seven replicates of six birds per experimental unit. Treatment 1 consisted of a control diet containing 165.0 g/kg crude protein (CP), formulated with the addition of DL-methionine to meet birds requirements during the experimental period. To compose the treatments 2-5 (BE149, BE167, BE185 and BE203), a basal diet with reduced protein (135.0 g/kg CP) supplemented with synthetic amino acids DL-methionine, L-lysine, L- threonine, L-valine and L-tryptophan was formulated. This basal diet was supplemented with potassium carbonate, to replace the inert, so as to provide four levels of potassium (5.86, 6.56, 7.26 and 7.96 g/kg) corresponding to the electrolyte balance of 171, 149, 167, 185 and 203 meq/kg, respectively. There was increased linear effect for feed intake and decreasing linear effect for albumen weight and yolk percentage and quadratic effect for conversion per dozen and per egg mass. Crude protein is recommended at 135.0g/kg with 6.77 g/kg potassium and electrolyte balance of 172.51meq/kg in the diet of semi-weighted laying hens in the second production cycle.

Nutritional potassium requirement for laying Japanese quails

The objective of this study was to evaluate the potassium requirement for laying Japanese quails. Two hundred and forty quails were distributed in a randomized block design, with five treatments and six replicates, with eight birds each. The treatments consisted of a basal diet deficient in potassium (K) (2.50 g/kg), supplemented with potassium carbonate, to replace the inert, to reach levels of 2.50, 3.50, 4.50, 5.50 and 6.50 (g/kg) of K in the diet. There was a quadratic effect of K levels on feed intake, egg production, egg mass and feed conversion per egg mass and per egg dozen, estimating the requirements of 4.26, 4.41, 4.38, 4.43 and 4.48 (g/kg) of K diet, respectively. There was no significant effect on the levels of K in the diet on egg weight, albumen weight, percentage of yolk or shell and yolk color. However, yolk and shell weights reduced and the albumen percentage increased linearly with increasing levels of K in the diet. Despite the reduction of shell weight, the increased levels of K did not influence the specific gravity and shell thickness. The use of 4.41 g/kg of potassium is recommended in the diet for laying Japanese quails.

Ideal ratio (relative to lysine) of methionine + cystine and threonine for broiler breeders

To establish the amino acid requirements for broilers, the ideal ratio of lysine to the amino acids is used. This criterion is based on the small variation in the proportion of amino acids with lysine. Few studies deal with amino acid requirements for broiler breeders. A factorial method for calculating the amino acid requirement was proposed by Fisher et al. (1973) for egg production and body weight maintenance, including the standard deviation of requirements and an economic factor. Based on this method, the objective of this study was to determine the efficiency of utilization of methionine and cystine (Met+Cys) and threonine (Thr) and their ideal ratio to lysine (Lys).

Rendimento de Carcaça de Frangos de Corte em Dietas com Redução Proteica Suplementadas com Lglutamato

Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da reducao proteica e a suplementacao de L-Glutamato sobre o rendimento de carcaca de frangos de corte aos 42 dias de idade, 540 pintos de corte machos da linhagem Cobb 500 foram distribuidos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com seis tratamentos, seis repeticoes de quinze aves por unidade experimental. O primeiro tratamento consistiu de uma racao Controle formulada em funcao do atendimento das exigencias dos aminoacidos essenciais limitantes para cada fase de criacao com suplementacao de lisina, metionina e treonina. Alem da suplementacao dos aminoacidos citados anteriormente, a L-valina foi suplementada no segundo tratamento e a reducao de proteina forneceu o proximo aminoacido limitante para formular o terceiro tratamento, que no caso foi a L-isoleucina. De forma semelhante, no quarto tratamento ocorreu a suplementacao de L-arginina. Para os tratamentos 5 e 6, as racoes foram suplementadas com a Lglutamato em quantidades suficientes para atender os requerimentos minimos de proteina para cada uma das fases. As variaveis avaliadas foram: rendimento (%) da carcaca, de peito e de coxa, peso absoluto (g) e relativo (%) da gordura abdominal. Os dados finais da racao Controle apresentaram melhores resultados para pesos de carcaca e peito. DOI:10.15528/2176-4158/rcpa.v14n2p184-187