Verônica Morais Ximenes

Psicologia Comunitária e Política de Assistência Social: Diálogos Sobre Atuações em Comunidades

Este artigo objetiva tracar dialogos teorico-metodologicos entre a praxis de Psicologia comunitaria e a area da assistencia social, especificamente em torno da proposta da Protecao Social Basica de fortalecimento da convivencia social e comunitaria no territorio onde vivem as familias assistidas. Assim, sao apresentados os contornos da atual politica publica de assistencia social, situando elementos centrais da Protecao Social Basica. Posteriormente, apontam-se as contribuicoes da Psicologia comunitaria para a leitura e a efetivacao de trabalhos coletivos no territorio de vida das familias, primando pela problematizacao de seus processos cotidianos e pela ampliacao de vinculos sociais pautados em processos de colaboracao. Depreende-se que, para isso, sao relevantes os eixos norteadores da praxis de Psicologia comunitaria, entre os quais a analise, a vivencia e a co-construcao de atividades comunitarias, mediante metodologias participativas. Por fim, sao ressaltadas tambem as possiveis limitacoes contingenciais a aproximacao entre a Psicologia comunitaria e a Protecao Social Basica.

Inovação em saúde mental sob a ótica de usuários de um movimento comunitário no nordeste do Brasil

This study, originating from a multidimensional analysis on the innovation category in a Community Mental Health Movement of Bom Jardim (Fortaleza, Brazil) that examines subjective and psychosocial dimensions, seeks to examine to what extent the work developed by this movement is effectively an innovative model in mental healthcare from the perspective of users of this service. The methodology adopted was a qualitative case study method based on a critical-interpretive approach employing techniques such as in-depth interviews associated with focus groups. The categorization of the discursive material was conducted using a model based on the four main dimensions of psychiatric reform, namely conceptual, technical, legal and socio-cultural aspects. The results reveal the following: an emphasis on the individual rather than focusing on the sickness; care as the basis for purposeful actions; the co-production of genuine dialogue with multiple stakeholders, and the construction of autonomy emphasizing individual potential. In conclusion, it can be said that healthcare practices developed by the Movement involve deconstructing the traditional model of mental healthcare, permitting new forms of citizenship, thereby contributing to deinstitutionalization.

Inovação em saúde mental: subsídios à construção de práticas inovadoras e modelos avaliativos multidimensionais

Este estudo tem como objetivo problematizar e demarcar conceitualmente a categoria inovacao, com vistas a subsidiar a construcao de praticas inovadoras e modelos avaliativos multidimensionais em saude mental. Inovacao, termo bastante presente em âmbitos como administracao, tecnologia e, grosso modo, nas ciencias duras, e aqui reconfigurando como processo, apontando para movimentos de mudanca potencializadores do surgimento de novos modos de interacao, saberes e praticas, cujo carater e de superacao da logica anterior, considerada entao tradicional. Com base em revisao e posterior dialogo com a literatura concernente a saude mental e ao conceito de inovacao nesse âmbito, propoe-se a incorporacao das dimensoes epistemica, etico-politica e ecologica como elementos essenciais a construcao de praticas e modelos de cuidado em saude mental, bem como propostas voltadas a avaliar inovacoes. Na dimensao epistemica, inclui-se o necessario reconhecimento do adoecimento em sua dimensao existencial de sofrimento, superando taxonomias e nomenclaturas nas quais ainda predomina o rotulo da loucura, que pouco ou nada nos diz sobre o homem, sua existencia e os condicionantes socio-historicos de seu sofrimento. A dimensao etico-politica compreende a necessidade de delimitar concepcoes de saude mental que englobem praticas transformadoras da realidade social, incorporando uma grupalidade pautada na circularidade do cuidado, criatividade e consciencia social. Por fim, a dimensao ecologica designa conectividade na acepcao de uma reconexao com suas raizes sociais e historicas e com o sagrado, favorecendo processos que superem a alienacao e facilitem o desenvolvimento do fortalecimento pessoal e coletivo.

Concepções de pobreza: um convite à discussão psicossocial

This article aims to analyze the views of unidimensionality and multidimensionality of poverty in order to incorporate psychosocial dimensions that contribute to analysis of the complexity of this phenome1 Endereço para correspondência: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Psicologia, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Sala 122, Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil 90035-003. E-mail: jamesferreirajr@ gmail.com, elivia_nucom@yahoo.com.br, vemorais@yahoo.com.br e jorgesarriera@gmail.com Agradece-se a Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) pelo fi nanciamento. Moura Jr., J. F., Cidade, E. C., Ximenes, V. M., Sarriera, J. C. 342 non. Poverty is generally based on monetary unidimensional of the conceptualization and measurement, restricting the analysis to poverty lines. There is, then, the multidimensional paradigm of the Capabilities Approach that extends the concept of poverty. It is built into the centrality of the autonomy and freedom of the individual in the exercise of their capabilities and functionings as elements of defi nition of poverty. However, in its practical perspective, the Capabilities approach is located generally in the identifi cation of specifi c health issues, housing and living standards related to poverty. So, identifi es the need to incorporate psychosocial dimensions that contribute to expansion of the critic understanding of this phenomenon and cover subjective, negative and positive aspects with regard to coping strategies developed by the poor. It is proposed to personal well-being, analysis of the sense of community, of discriminatory practices and fatalism of those in poverty. Therefore, it analyses the need and commitment of psychological science in developing knowledge to increase understanding of this phenomenon.MOURA JUNIOR, James Ferreira; CIDADE, Elivia Camurca; XIMENES, Veronica Morais; SARRIERA, Jorge Castella. Concepcoes de pobreza: um convite a discussao psicossocial. Trends in Psychology/Temas em Psicologia, v. 22, n. 2, p. 341-352, dez. 2014.

Mental health, well-being, and poverty: A study in urban and rural communities in Northeastern Brazil

ABSTRACT This article analyzes the relations between mental health and well-being in urban and rural contexts marked by poverty. The analysis takes as its basis a quantitative research conducted with 417 adult inhabitants of two communities, one rural and the other urban, in Northeastern Brazil. The data were constructed using questionnaires composed of sociodemographic data, the Personal Wellbeing Index and Self Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20) scales. We found significant differences between the inhabitants of the rural and urban communities regarding well-being and the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD), with a higher average well-being score in the rural context; the urban sample had a higher average regarding the prevalence of CMD. The variable income significantly influenced the SRQ-20 average scores; the same was not observed with well-being scores. Besides, it was observed that there is a negative correlation with well-being and CMD.

Práticas de discriminação às pessoas em situação de rua: histórias de vergonha, de humilhação e de violência em Fortaleza, Brasil

Objetiva-se analisar as praticas discriminatorias e suas consequencias experienciadas por pessoas em situacao de rua de Fortaleza-Brasil. A pesquisa e qualitativa, com utilizacao de observacao participante e diarios de campo em situacoes ocorridas nos servicos sociais pesquisados da Prefeitura de Fortaleza. Usam-se tambem Entrevistas Narrativas com quatro pessoas em situacao de rua (tres homens e uma mulher) usuarias desses servicos. E utilizada como analise a tematica narrativa. Identifica-se que as pessoas em situacao de rua sao discriminadas como violentas, criminosas e usuarias de droga, ocorrendo igualmente nos servicos investigados. Entao, os participantes sentem-se agredidos, humilhados e envergonhados, podendo agir violentamente, criativamente e solidariamente como forma de enfrentar essas praticas de opressao. E importante desenvolver acoes transformadoras na sociedade e nos servicos sociais voltados para esse publico.

Social determinants for health (mental): evaluating a non-governmental experience from the perspective of actors involved

INTRODUCTION The Brazilian Psychiatric Reform, an ongoing process, and its developments involve the construction of new ways of seeing the subject in illness, establishing the mental health field in a new way of understanding the social determinants that reflect in the deinstitutionalization and social inclusion. OBJECTIVE This study, multidimensional analysis of the relationship between social determinants and deinstitutionalization in mental health focusing on a community movement in Northeast Brazil, whose proposed work is subjective and psychosocial dimensions, aims to explore and analyze how the experiences in course of the Movement highlights the importance of social determinants, the perspective of professionals. METHODS The methodological approach outlined in the qualitative approach in the form of case studies, employing techniques such as interviews and focus groups. The categorization of analytical information was built from the relationship established between a model based on the constituent dimensions of the psychiatric reform, covering different planes, namely epistemological, healthcare, legal and socio-political, and social determinants of health - living conditions, and work environment, community networks and support, economic, cultural and environmental behaviors and lifestyles. RESULTS The results show emphasis on the social subject, making the processing and knowledge of professionals, adding new ways to produce health; dialogue with multiple stakeholders, building autonomy, participative management, concern for professionalization; reorganizing the work process; appreciation of the everyday activities that weave and; invention of a new social site, among other elements in close interface with the determinants of health. CONCLUSION These elements indicate that care practices woven into the daily life of the Movement involve the disassembling the traditional model of mental health care, stimulating new forms of citizenship, thus contributing to the institutionalization and promoting equality of income, social cohesion and participation policy for the promotion and protection of health.

Poverty and fatalism: Impacts on the community dynamics and on hope in Brazilian residents

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to analyze the consequences of poverty on expressions of fatalism, hope, and sense of community of two Brazilian States: Ceará and Rio Grande do Sul. Seven-hundred and thirty-one people, divided in four groups (extreme poverty, poverty, median income, and adequate income) answered a questionnaire. The variables sense of community and hope were found to be predictors of fatalism. Individuals in situations of poverty and extreme poverty showed high indices of fatalism, pessimism, divinity control, and luck, and low indices of hope and sense of community. Individuals with adequate income have low levels of fatalism, pessimism, and divinity control. It is concluded that poverty has consequences on the life of those who experience it, and that attitudes of pessimism, hopelessness, and belief in luck as well as the weakening of community networks, articulate and support the maintenance of the status quo.

A identidade social estigmatizada de pobre: uma constituição opressora

Poverty is addressed as oppression practice, developing depreciative identitary constitutions of the individual. This article examines the social roles of stigmatized social identity of poor. The research was performed with 4 people in street situation linked to Provisional Shelter of the Municipal Prefecture of Fortaleza. The used instruments were participant observation and narrative interview, having thematic analysis as procedure. It was identified the social roles of conformed, of believer in God as responsible for everything, of martyr, of cause of social malaise and of guilty for their situation. It is conceived that these social roles permeate social relations and identity, weakening and depreciating the potentialities of the poor individual. It is important for practitioners of Psychology to the understanding of these roles to draw up possible interventions focused on confronting of this situation of poverty.

Pobreza multidimensional e seus aspectos subjetivos em contextos rurais e urbanos nordestinos

Objetiva-se analisar a pobreza multidimensional e seus aspectos subjetivos em contextos rural e urbano em um Estado do Brasil. Os aspectos subjetivos da pobreza estao relacionados a uma autopercepcao vinculada a privacao financeira e a responsabilizacao individual. A amostra total constou de 417 participantes. Foi desenvolvido um Indice de Mensuracao de Pobreza Multidimensional a partir das privacoes nas dimensoes habitacao, escolaridade, trabalho/renda, saude e aspectos subjetivos da pobreza. Foram realizados testes de Analise de Regressao Multipla e Analise Multivariada de Variância. Identificou-se que as privacoes nas dimensoes escolaridade e habitacao sao mais intensas na zona rural. Ja a dimensao subjetiva da pobreza e mais forte no contexto urbano. Em ambos os contextos, dimensao privacao de trabalho/renda tem predicao positiva com os aspectos subjetivos da pobreza. No contexto urbano, as dimensoes saude e habitacao tambem sao preditoras positivas da dimensao subjetiva da pobreza, enquanto a dimensao educacao tem uma correlacao negativa.