Conceição Vieira da Silva Ohara

Aspectos da sexualidade na adolescência

The study involved 920 adolescents between 12 and 19 years of age in junior and senior high schools of the region of Santo Eduardo of the city of Embu, Sao Paulo. The objective was to identify aspects of sexuality of adolescents of both sexes. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire, the results of which established the difference between boys and girls with respect to their quest for specific information about sexuality; 39% of boys and 17% of girls practiced sexual intercourse, and among these, 77% of boys and 84% of girls used preservativos.

Profissionais de saúde e violência intrafamiliar contra a criança e adolescente

Objectives: To understand how heath care professionals approach family violence against children and teenagers. Methods: This was a qualitative case study with 30 health care professionals. Results: Health care professionals were concerned with the lack of successful family problems resolution. Measures used by health care professionals emphasized punitive actions instead of caring behaviors. The characteristics of the job did not allow of the health care professionals to express their feelings and reactions and to know how to successfully address family violence. Health care professionals’ approaches to address violence with families who already experienced violence may also become violent acts against those families. Conclusion: Approaches used to address family violence against children and teenagers reflect a lack of integration among the several categories of health care professionals and health care services.

Conceptions held by health professionals on violence against children and adolescents within the family

Este estudio busco comprender las concepciones que los profesionales de la salud manifiestan sobre laviolencia intrafamiliar contra ninos y adolescentes. Fue utilizada la metodologia cualitativa a traves del estudiode caso y tecnicas de observacion participante, entrevista y consulta a documentos. Los participantes trabajabanen una Unidad de Salud de la Familia en Brasil. Se observo que estos profesionales asocian la violencia a lacoyuntura economica, social, politica y a aspectos culturales; para algunos de ellos, los actos violentos sonparte del ciclo intergeneracional y de la dinamica familiar. La punicion fisica, considerada violencia por algunos,es defendida por otros como una medida educativa. Definen violencia basandose en una construccion previaque tienen los sujetos como victimas o agresores, perdiendo asi la dimension relacional del fenomeno. Seobserva que los profesionales de la salud tienen dificultad para comprender la violencia dentro del contexto enque tiene significado, asi como para reconocerla como una consecuencia de dinamica relacional compleja.DESCRIPTORES: violencia; prestacion de atencion de salud; salud del nino; salud del adolescente; salud de lafamilia; enfermeria pediatricaThe present study sought to understand the conceptions held by health professionals with regards to violence within the family against children and adolescents. Qualitative case-study methodology and techniques of participant observation, interviewing, and search in documents were used. Participants were staffed in a government-run Family Health Basic Unit in Brazil. Health professionals were found to associate violence with the economic, social, and political juncture and with cultural aspects; for some, violent acts are part of the intergenerational cycle and family dynamics. Physical punishment, considered as violence by some, is advocated as an educational measure by others. Participants also base their definition of violence on an a priori construction of subjects as either victims or aggressors, thus missing the relational dimension of the phenomenon. Health professionals were found to have difficulty in understanding violence in the context that gives it a meaning and to recognize it as consequence of a complex relational dynamics.

Orientação sobre sexualidade para estudantes de enfermagem

OBJETIVO: Identificar la percepcion de estudiantes del Pregrado en Enfermeria sobre actividades dirigidas a la orientacion sexual; establecer la forma de desarrollo de estas actividades junto a los estudiantes. METODOS: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo en el cual se utilizo el analisis de contenido, realizado junto a una poblacion conformada por 193 estudiantes del pregrado en Enfermeria de la Universidad Federal de Sao Paulo. RESULTADOS: el 93% de los entrevistados concordaron con actividades dirigidas a la orientacion sexual, y el 80% justificaron la necesidad por medio de las categorias: contribucion a la formacion profesional (9%), estereotipos (1%), necesidad de informacion (26%), prevencion (4%), cuidar de si para cuidar del otro (13%), autoconocimiento (8%) y dificultades con el asunto (19%). CONCLUSION: Existe interes de los estudiantes de enfermeria por actividades orientadas a la discusion de la sexualidad humana en el espacio academico.

Conhecimentos de adolescentes sobre Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis: subsídios para prevenção

Objetivo: Identificar o conhecimento de adolescentes sobre as formas de transmissao e prevencao das Doencas Sexualmente Transmissiveis. Metodos: envolveu 920 adolescentes entre 10 e 19 anos de idade eos dados foram obtidos por meio de um questionario estruturado. Resultado: os resultados demonstraram que a principal fonte para obtencao de informacoes sobre o assunto foi o professor; as Doencas Sexualmente Transmissiveis nao sao totalmente desconhecidas para os adolescentes do estudo, sendo a AIDS a mais conhecida. Descritores: Adolescente; Doencas sexualmente transmissiveis; Saude do adolescente; Sexualidade; Vulnerabilidade em saude.

O mundo da criança portadora de asma grave na escola

Objectives: To understand the meaning of asthma and its implications in daily life of children with acute asthma and their family in school settings. Methods: A qualitative case study with 3 children from a pediatric outpatient clinic of a hospital in the municipal district of Sao Paulo. Data were collected through participant observation, interviews, and therapeutic play. Results: Treatment demands and frequency of asthma crisis affected the daily life of the children in school settings: missing classes, decreased opportunity to learn, restrictions on type of plays, and conflicting interactions with the other children. Final considerations: There is need for health care providers and teachers to work together in order to guarantee those children formal education and quality social interactions.OBJETIVO: Comprender el significado que el nino asmatico grave y su familia atribuyen a la enfermedad y sus implicancias en la escuela. METODOS: Se trata de un estudio de caso cualitativo, desarrollado en el consultorio externo de pediatria de un hospital del Municipio de Sao Paulo. Fueron estudiados tres ninos y sus familiares, utilizando la observacion participante, entrevista y juego terapeutico dramatico. RESULTADOS: Las demandas del tratamiento y las frecuentes crisis de asma influenciaron en el cotidiano del nino en la escuela como: falta a las clases; dejar de aprender; restriccion en los juegos y relacion conflictiva con sus colegas. CONSIDERACIONES FINALES: Teniendo en vista las dificultades encontradas por los ninos para frecuentar a la escuela y convivir con sus colegas, se recomineda un trabajo conjunto entre los profesionales de salud y de educacion, asegurando la manutencion de la educacion formal y de la convivencia social saludable.

Maternidade na adolescência: sonho realizado e expectativas quanto ao futuro

This qualitative study aimed at describing the reasons that motivate an adolescent to get pregnant and her expectations about the future after the childs birth. Symbolic Interactionism was used as theoretical framework and Grounded Theory as the methodological one. Eight adolescent mothers aged between 15 and 19 years who lived the experience of caring for their children took part in the study. Data collection tools were observant participation and semi-structured interviews. Data analysis revealed that becoming a mother is an experience that might be desired and even planned. Furthermore, data showed that after the childs birth, the adolescent continues to have expectations of self-realization in order to provide a better future for herself and for her child, as revealed by the categories: Making a dream come true and Having expectations about the future. The full understanding of this experience will contribute to the practice of all professionals that provide assistance to pregnant and adolescent mothers at different levels of healthcare.Estudo qualitativo, que objetivou descrever os motivos que impulsionam a adolescente a engravidar e quais suas expectativas quanto ao futuro, apos o nascimento do filho. O Interacionismo Simbolico foi referencial teorico e a Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados o referencial metodologico. Participaram oito maes adolescentes, de 15 a 19 anos de idade, que vivenciavam a experiencia de cuidar dos filhos. As estrategias utilizadas de coleta de dados foram observacao participante e entrevista semi-estruturada. A analise dos dados evidenciou que tornar-se mae e uma experiencia que pode ser desejada e ate planejada e que a apos o nascimento do bebe a adolescente continua a ter expectativas de realizacoes visando proporcionar um futuro melhor para si e seu filho, conforme revelado nas categorias: Realizando um sonho, e Tendo expectativas quanto ao futuro . A compreensao dessa vivencia contribuira na pratica dos profissionais que assistem gestantes e maes adolescentes, nos diferentes niveis de atencao.

Ensino clínico na enfermagem: a trajetória da produção científica

Its a bibliographic study, in which it was made a scientific production survey on nursing referring to clinical teaching in the Catálogo de Dissertações e Teses do Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas em Enfermagem (CEPEn) (Nursing Study and Research Centers Dissertation and Thesis Catalog) from Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem - ABEn (Brazilian Nursing Association) between 1979 and 2004. It was aimed to describe the study distribution regarding to the number of publishing, applied title, publishing origin, year of application, methodology used and the theme approached. It was concluded that scientific production in this area is still incipient. Thus, we can improve our duties as an educator and occupy our space in the education and health in a competent and qualified way.

Concepções de profissionais de saúde sobre a violência intrafamiliar contra a criança e o adolescente

Este estudio busco comprender las concepciones que los profesionales de la salud manifiestan sobre laviolencia intrafamiliar contra ninos y adolescentes. Fue utilizada la metodologia cualitativa a traves del estudiode caso y tecnicas de observacion participante, entrevista y consulta a documentos. Los participantes trabajabanen una Unidad de Salud de la Familia en Brasil. Se observo que estos profesionales asocian la violencia a lacoyuntura economica, social, politica y a aspectos culturales; para algunos de ellos, los actos violentos sonparte del ciclo intergeneracional y de la dinamica familiar. La punicion fisica, considerada violencia por algunos,es defendida por otros como una medida educativa. Definen violencia basandose en una construccion previaque tienen los sujetos como victimas o agresores, perdiendo asi la dimension relacional del fenomeno. Seobserva que los profesionales de la salud tienen dificultad para comprender la violencia dentro del contexto enque tiene significado, asi como para reconocerla como una consecuencia de dinamica relacional compleja.DESCRIPTORES: violencia; prestacion de atencion de salud; salud del nino; salud del adolescente; salud de lafamilia; enfermeria pediatricaThe present study sought to understand the conceptions held by health professionals with regards to violence within the family against children and adolescents. Qualitative case-study methodology and techniques of participant observation, interviewing, and search in documents were used. Participants were staffed in a government-run Family Health Basic Unit in Brazil. Health professionals were found to associate violence with the economic, social, and political juncture and with cultural aspects; for some, violent acts are part of the intergenerational cycle and family dynamics. Physical punishment, considered as violence by some, is advocated as an educational measure by others. Participants also base their definition of violence on an a priori construction of subjects as either victims or aggressors, thus missing the relational dimension of the phenomenon. Health professionals were found to have difficulty in understanding violence in the context that gives it a meaning and to recognize it as consequence of a complex relational dynamics.

Intensive care unit: a significant space for the professor-student relationship

Resumo Objetivo: Discorrer sobre a relacao entre professor e aluno no espaco de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI), sob a perspectiva dos docentes. Metodos: Estudo de natureza qualitativa, na modalidade fenomenologica, no qual foram entrevistados seis docentes – tres de instituicao publica e tres de instituicao privada que supervisionavam alunos de enfermagem em UTI adulto. Resultados: Do relato dos sujeitos do estudo, emergiram categorias tematicas que possibilitaram a apreensao da essencia do fenomeno estudado. No processo de analise, houve desmembramento em duas subcategorias: Uma aproximacao e Facilitando o processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Conclusoes: A pratica dos estagios de enfermagem em UTI propicia uma inter-relacao entre aluno e professor, favorecendo uma proximidade com o outro e uma individualizacao do ensino, o que contribui de modo significativo, para enriquecer o processo de ensino e aprendizagem e a relacao professor-aluno. Descritores: Educacao superior; Estudantes de Enfermagem; Ensino; Estagio clinico; Unidades de terapia intensiva