Maiana Farias Oliveira Nunes

Relações entre interesses, personalidade e habilidades cognitivas: um estudo com adolescentes

Resumo Este estudo objetivou analisar as relacoes entre interesses, personalidade e inteligencia em adolescentes. Participaram 211 alunos do ensino medio do estado do Parana, com media de idade de 16,5 (DP=0,5). Foram utilizadas a Escala de Aconselhamento Profissional e o Self Directed Search para medida dos interesses; a Bateria Fatorial de Personalidade e a Bateria de Provas de Raciocinio. Foi realizada uma analise fatorial com os escores dos quatro testes supracitados, e uma solucao de seis fatores indicou maior co erencia teorica e pratica para compreender as associacoes entre tracos de personalidade, interesses e habilidades cognitivas. Os escores de interesse nos dois testes estiveram mais relacionados, juntamente com alguns fatores de personalidade, com excecao d os tracos neuroticismo e realizacao, enquanto as provas de inteligencia nao se agruparam com interesses ou personalidade. Discute-se a utilidade de testes que medem os construtos interesses, personalidade e inteligencia em orientacao profissional. Palavras-chave: avaliacao psicologica; orientacao vocacional; tracos de personalidade; interesses profissionais; inteligencia. Relationships between interests, personality and cognitive abilities: a study with adolescents

Criatividade e inteligência: analisando semelhanças e discrepâncias no desenvolvimento

Creativity and intelligence: analyzing developmental similarities and discrepancies. The similarities and discrepancies between intelligence and creativity were investigated as well as the impact of gender and educational level upon their development. The sample was composed of 172 students (91 women, 81 man), ages ranging from 7-17 years old. Intelligence was assessed through the Brazilian version of the WoodcockJohnson III tests, whereas creativity was evaluated through the Torrance tests of creativity. Results analyzed by MANOVA and ANOVA indicated significant effects of educational grade upon intelligence and creativity, and sex effects only on verbal creativity. No significant correlations were found between intelligence and creativity according to median results on intelligence tests. Factor analysis demonstrated the distinction among intelligence, verbal and figural creativity. On conclusion, creativity and intelligence were found as being independent constructs.

Associações entre auto-eficácia para atividades ocupacionais e interesses em adolescentes

The aim of this study was to analyze the association between self-efficacy for occupational activities and its sources and interest, which are important constructs for Vocational Guidance. Two hundred eighty nine adolescents answered the Self-efficacy Scale for Occupational Activities (SSOA) and the Self-Directed Search, and 107 answered the SSOA and the Professional Counseling Scale. All participants lived in Sao Paulo at the moment of the survey. There were significant correlations between self-efficacy and interests (r ranging from -0.25 to 0.27). Realistic and Social self-efficacy combined with gender showed a significant predictive power to their respective types of interest. We discussed the coherence between self-efficacy for occupational activities and their respective interests.

Importância e domínios de avaliação psicológica: um estudo com alunos de Psicologia

Este trabajo investigo la importancia dada y la percepcion de dominio de estudiantes de Psicologia en relacion a competencias de la evaluacion psicologica. Participaron del estudio 112 estudiantes, predominantemente del sexo femenino y de la region Centro-Oeste, de todos los periodos de la carrera. Fue utilizado un cuestionario con base en las definiciones de las competencias esenciales apuntadas por la American Psychological Association, que contenia 20 items que fueron respondidos de forma separada para el dominio y para la importancia, abordando temas como el conocimiento de constructor psicologicos, saber usar e interpretar testes, ademas de otros. Los items considerados menos importantes fueron, tener nociones de estadistica y conocimiento de la amplia gama de testes. Algunas contradicciones fueron observadas al comparar la importancia y el dominio, a ejemplo de las nociones de estadistica. El analisis de las diferencias de promedio mostro pocas diferencias al observar los items de importancia entre los diferentes anos del curso, pero los de dominio, en su mayor parte, presentaron diferencias significativas.

Auto-eficácia para atividades ocupacionais e interesses profissionais em estudantes do ensino médio

Self-efficacy for occupational activities and professional interests are described, respectively, as the confidence of youngsters in the performance of certain job activities and actions that they would like to carry on. This paper aimed at analyzing the mean differences in self-efficacy, its sources and professional interests regarding gender, school type and scholar grade. 333 students from high school students took part in this research, mean age 15,9 years old, 182 female, who answered EAAOc and SDS that assess self-efficacy and interests. Self-efficacy, classified by Holland types, showed an IRSAEC pattern, while interests showed ESIACR. There were significant differences in self-efficacy, in its sources and in the interests that were related to gender. There were no differences for self-efficacy due to school type or scholar grade. Some sources of self-efficacy and some interest types showed mean differences due to scholar grade and type of school.

Evidências desfavoráveis para avaliação da personalidade com um instrumento de 10 itens

Este estudio tuvo objetivo analizar la estructura interna, precision y las diferencias de acuerdo con genero y edad en una escala de 10 items para evaluacion de los cinco grandes factores de la personalidad. Participaron 404 estudiantes de la escuela secundaria, con una edad media de 15,9 anos, del estado de Sao Paulo. La escala Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI), conformada por 10 items, que son pares de adjetivos que representan los rasgos de la personalidad bajo en una escala tipo Likert de 1 a 7. No fue posible recuperar la estructura de cinco factores a traves del analisis de componentes principales, pero si una estructura de tres factores que abarca el contenido de la deseabilidad social, problemas de ajuste y la estabilidad emocional, con la precision entre 0,41 y 0,63. Ademas, fueron encontradas diferencias de medias significativas asociadas con la edad. Los resultados se discuten en relacion a las limitaciones del estudio y escala.This study analyzes the internal structure, precision and differences of averages by gender and age on a 10-item scale, designed to assess the Big Five Personality traits. A total of 404 high school students, with an average age of 15.9 years, from Sao Paulo, Brazil participated in the study. The Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) scale is comprised of pairs of adjectives representing personality traits arranged on a Likert scale varying from 1 to 7, measuring levels of agreement. It was not possible to identify the five-factor solution through analysis of the main components, but a three-factor structure was found that encompassed the content of social desirability, adjustment problems, and emotional stability, with the alpha varying from 0.41 to 0.63. Additionally, statistically significant differences associated with age were found. Results are discussed in terms of the study and scale limitations.

Escala de Aconselhamento Profissional: análise com estudantes de Ensino Médio

This study aimed at analyzing the “Escala de Aconselhamento Profissional-EAP” with high school students, trying to make comparisons with the normative sample that answered the scale, which was composed by college students. Two data sets were used, the first one composed by 762 college students, and the second one comprised of 950 high school students. Factor and Rasch analyses were conducted. The same factor structure defined for college students was found with adolescents successfully. Item reliability ranged from 0.97 to 0.99 and people reliability varied between 0.70 and 0.85; Fit statistics, regarding people and items, was adequate. Theta and item difficulty were similar in both samples. Results were interpreted as favorable to using EAP to measure vocational interests of adolescents, considering the previously defined dimensions.

Escala fatorial de socialização: versão reduzida: seleção de itens e propriedades psicométricas

O objetivo desse estudo foi selecionar itens da Escala Fatorial de Socializacao (EFS) para a obtencao de uma versao reduzida, que mantivesse propriedades psicometricas adequadas. Baseou-se em uma amostra de 1.100 sujeitos. Para a selecao de itens, realizou-se analise qualitativa, buscando aqueles sem conteudo clinico explicito e uma analise quantitativa, pelo modelo de Rasch. Tais criterios permitiram reduzir a EFS de 70 para 28 itens. As caracteristicas psicometricas da versao reduzida foram verificadas pela comparacao entre versoes por Rasch e pela reanalise dos dados de estudos de validade realizados com a EFS. A versao reduzida manteve caracteristicas psicometricas adequadas, o que sugere a possibilidade de utilizacao dessa versao da EFS em situacoes de avaliacao com tempo restrito.

Escala de auto-eficácia para atividades ocupacionais: construção e estudos exploratórios

Esse estudo visou a construcao e validacao de uma escala de avaliacao da auto-eficacia para atividades ocupacionais e as fontes de auto-eficacia associadas (EAAOc), para uso em Orientacao Profissional. O processo de construcao foi iniciado pela revisao teorica, tendo passado por testagem piloto, analise de especialistas e verificacao da estrutura e da consistencia interna. Participaram 333 adolescentes matriculados no ensino medio de escolas publicas e particulares do estado de Sao Paulo-Brasil. Foram observadas evidencias de validade de conteudo favoraveis, por meio da alta concordância entre juizes e expectativa teorica. A solucao fatorial de tres fatores apresentou maior coerencia teorica, com os fatores Experiencia Pessoal Direta, Aprendizagem Vicaria e Persuasao Verbal, com alphas de Cronbach 0,88; 0,62 e 0,72, respectivamente. Sao discutidas possibilidades de uso e limitacoes da EAAOc.This study aimed to develop and validate a scale measuring self-efficacy related do occupational activities and associated sources for the use in vocational guidance. The process of construction started by a theoretical review, followed by a pilot test, the analysis of experts, and verification of structure and internal consistency. A total of 333 adolescents attending public and private secondary schools, located in Sao Paulo State, Brazil, participated in this study. Evidence of valid positive content was found, considering the high agreement between specialists and theoretical aspects. Factor solution of three factors: Personal Direct Experience, Vicarious Learning and Verbal Persuasion, showed higher theoretical coherence with Cronbach alphas of 0.88, 0.62 and 0.72, respectively. Possibilities of using the scale and its limitations are discussed.

Instrumentos Baseados em Psicologia Positiva no Brasil: uma Revisão Sistemática

La Psicologia Positiva estudia factores que potencializan el desarrollo de aspectos positivos en los seres humanos, en los grupos y en las instituciones. Con el objetivo de rastrear instrumentos para la evaluacion de fenomenos propuestos por la Psicologia Positiva, se realizo una revision sistematica de 49 publicaciones nacionales, derivadas de todos los indices de busqueda de la BVS-Psi. Se observo un aumento en la produccion sobre evaluacion en Psicologia Positiva, lo que implica el estudio de diversos constructos, como por ejemplo, calidad de vida, resiliencia, coping y bienestar, ademas de estudios sobre la construccion y adaptacion de instrumentos para evaluarlos. Se identificaron 34 constructos y 67 instrumentos, pese a haber prevalencia de estudios concentrados en ocho constructos y 11 instrumentos.La Psicologia Positiva estudia factores que potencializan el desarrollo de aspectos positivos en los seres humanos, en los grupos y en las instituciones. Con el objetivo de rastrear instrumentos para la evaluacion de fenomenos propuestos por la Psicologia Positiva, se realizo una revision sistematica de 49 publicaciones nacionales, derivadas de todos los indices de busqueda de la BVS-Psi. Se observo un aumento en la produccion sobre evaluacion en Psicologia Positiva, lo que implica el estudio de diversos constructos, como por ejemplo, calidad de vida, resiliencia, coping y bienestar, ademas de estudios sobre la construccion y adaptacion de instrumentos para evaluarlos. Se identificaron 34 constructos y 67 instrumentos, pese a haber prevalencia de estudios concentrados en ocho constructos y 11 instrumentos.