Akhmad Fauzi

Specific Allocation Funds, Economic Growth, and Unemployment: A Case Study in Banten Province, Indonesia

Specific allocation funds to the regions are still needed due to inequality of regional financial capacity. Areas with low financial capability are identical to those underdeveloped regions, which have relatively low levels of economic growth and high level of unemployment. This study analyzes the impact of specific allocation funds on economic growth and unemployment through the regional expenditure mechanism, using panel data from 2010-2015, while the simultaneous equation model is estimated using the Two Stage Least Square (2SLS) method. The results of the study indicate that the Specific Allocation Fund does not affect capital expenditures in the regency areas, but does so in the cities. Specific Allocation Funds have a significant influence on economic growth and unemployment through capital expenditure transmission. Going forward, the government needs to increase.

MODEL MICRO-MACRO LINK PENGEMBANGAN KEBIJAKAN PERIKANAN TANGKAP DI KABUPATEN BELITUNG

Perairan Laut Cina Selatan dengan potensi lestari 1,06 juta ton/tahun dan masih belum menjadikan sektor perikanan sebagai kontributor ekonomi utama di kawasan termasuk di Kabupaten Belitung. Penelitian ini bertujuan merumuskan kebijakan pembangunan perikanan tangkap sehingga menjadi basis ekonomi Kabupaten Belitung. Analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari analisis deskriptif dan analisis micro-macro link yang dikembangkan dengan metode structural equation modelling (SEM). Hasil analisis menunjukkan pengaruh signifikan terjadi pada usaha perikanan Belitung terhadap wilayah basis (P=0,008), kondisi fiskal terhadap pertumbuhan market output (P = 0,002) dan wilayah basis (P=0,005), kebijakan nasional terhadap moneter (P=0,002) dan trade (P=0,007), trade terhadap ekonomi regional (P=0,003), dan ekonomi regional terhadap sektor penunjang (P=0,000). Terkait dengan ini, maka kebijakan pembangunan perikanan dapat diarahkan pada pengembangan usaha perikanan tangkap yang berbasis potensi dan prospek kewilayahan, serta penyelamatan pemasaran produk perikanan daerah dan usaha perikanan unggulan terutama bila kondisi ekonomi dan keuangan global tidak stabil. Hal ini untuk antisipasi terhadap kondisi yang tidak mendukung bila suatu kebijakan nasional diberlakukan di kawasan yang tidak sesuai dengan kondisi kedaerahan. Dan perlu pengembangan jalur-jalur perdagangan produk perikanan yang permanen dan jangka panjang serta jaminan kondusifitas kegiatan pelayanan jasa yang mendukung pembangunan perikanan

Factors Affecting Sustainability of alternatives livelihood in coastal community of Nembrala East Nusa Tenggara: An Application of MICMAC Method

Coastal communities are known to prone to vulnerability arising from their nature of work. As they are mostly working as fishermen, natural hazards, isolation and climate variabilities are often constraining their ability to obtain sufficient income to support their livelihood. Hence, finding sustainable alternatives source of income is a sensible way to cope with such uncertainty and vulnerability. Achieving sustainable income, nevertheless, is challenging issue since it is affected by various factors from socio-economic as well as institutional perspectives. This paper is an attempt to assess the issue of alternative livelihood by identifying key variables affecting its sustainability. A MICMAC method was used and key variables from the analysis were then identified to support sustainable alternative livelihood in the communities. Lessons learned were also drawn from this study for policy makers and fisheries authorities in the regions.

DINAMIKA INTERSPATIAL TOTAL FACTOR PRODUKTIVITY USAHA PERIKANAN BUDIDAYA AIR TAWAR DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP PEREKONOMIAN WILAYAH JAWA BARAT

Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis produktivitas dalam perikanan budidaya air tawar di Jawa Barat telah dilakukan pada bulan Juni 2012 sampai Januari 2013. Data yang digunakan berupa data primer diambil dari 273 responden pembudidaya di Kabupaten Bandung, Cianjur, Subang dan Indramayu secara purposive. Dalam penelitian ini, digunakan Interspatial Total Factor Productivity (TFP) yang merupakan variant dari Tornquist Index untuk menjelaskan perbedaan produktivitas interspasial sistem budidaya perikanan air tawar di Jawa Barat. Indeks TFP kemudian diregresikan terhadap luas lahan budidaya, kualitas benih, kualitas pakan dan dummy sistem budidaya untuk mengestimasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat TFP. Berdasarkan data sekunder nilai tengah index interspatial TFP dalam sistem budidaya kolam 0.636 sampai 2.965, dalam sistem budidaya mina sawah 0.310 sampai 3.050, dan dalam KJA mulai dari 0.908 sampai 1.737 Nilai TFP dari data primer mulai dari 0.697 sampai 2.133. Hasil regresi memperlihatkan variabel kualitas benih dan kualitas pakan memainkan peran paling dominan terhadap peningkatan nilai TFP. Perubahan TFP berimplikasi terhadap Produk Domestik Regional Bruto, Pendapatan Asli Daerah, dan Tenaga Kerja Perikanan Jawa Barat. Kata kunci: Total Factor Productivity, budidaya perikanan air tawar, ekonomi wilayah

Developing for Water Resources Incentives to Support System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in Jatiluhur Irrigation Area

Generally, System of Rice intensification (SRI) well known as paddy cultivation which are environmentally friendly and water-saving method. Its application has many advantages beside some obstacles. The choice of paddy cultivation method depends on risk factor and farmer. Incentives and compensation for farmer groups will support farmer interest to apply SRI method. Incentive for environment service, in relation with benefit transfer between the user of water resources in rural and urban area, can be the solutions of self finance alternative. The result of dynamics analysis explains that incentives for environmental services gives immediate effect againt the interest of farmer in applying SRI method than incentive from goverment and incentive for SRI grain price. One of the effort to reduce the problem of SRI application through incentives mechanismis developing institutional arrangement in macro ad micro level. The incentives scheme involves farmer group and agriculture stakeholdesr in micro level and the Ministry of State Enterprises and PAM Jaya in macro level. Keyword: water resources, incentive, system of rice intensification

Penataan Ruang Daerah Aliran Sungai Ciliwung dengan Pendekatan Kelembagaan dalam Perspektif Pemantapan Pengelolaan Usahatani

English Rapid development on Ciliwung watershed converts farmland to other uses causing decreased catchment area and flood. Flood occurrence on Ciliwung watershed indicates that current land use planning is not in accordance with its carrying capacity. Currently, most of the policies issued to manage watershed are dominated by structural approach. Moreover, land use planning often leads regional and sectoral conflicts. Based on a literature study, a non-structural approach should be done prior to a structural approach. Land use planning using an institutional approach is part of a non-structural approach. An institutional approach in managing Ciliwung watershed could be based on Ostrom’s Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD). Payment mechanism for environmental services and compensation can be carried out through the operation and maintenance of irrigation and watershed management simultaneously. Good watershed quality is able prevent flood incidence and to guarantee continuity of irrigation water supply resulting in farming productivity improvement. Optimum allocation of Ciliwung watershed can be achieved by accommodating both conservation and economic requirements simultaneously. Effective institutional interaction is the appropriate way to ensure implementation of integrated watershed management. Indonesian Pembangunan yang sangat pesat di Daerah Aliran Sungai Ciliwung mendorong terjadinya konversi lahan pertanian menjadi lahan terbangun. Hal ini menyebabkan berkurangnya daerah resapan air sehingga terjadi banjir. Banjir tersebut merupakan indikasi bahwa tata ruang saat ini tidak sesuai dengan daya dukung wilayah. Selama ini, kebijakan pemerintah untuk penyelesaian pengelolaan kawasan DAS lebih didominasi oleh penyelesaian secara struktural. Selain itu, perencanaan penataan ruang yang telah disusun seringkali menimbulkan adanya konflik sektoral dan kewilayahan. Melalui studi literatur, dapat diketahui bahwa pendekatan yang bersifat nonstruktural harus dilakukan terlebih dahulu sebelum pendekatan struktural. Penataan ruang menggunakan pendekatan kelembagaan merupakan bagian dari pendekatan nonstruktural. Pendekatan kelembagaan dalam pengelolaan kawasan DAS Ciliwung dapat mengacu pada Ostrom’s Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD). Mekanisme imbal jasa lingkungan dan pemberian kompensasi dapat dilakukan melalui operasi dan pemeliharaan irigasi serta pengelolaan DAS secara bersamaan. Kualitas DAS yang terjaga dengan baik mampu menanggulangi banjir sekaligus menjaga kontinuitas air irigasi sehingga produktivitas usahatani meningkat. Alokasi tata ruang kawasan DAS Ciliwung yang optimum dapat diperoleh dengan mengakomodir kebutuhan konservasi dan ekonomi secara bersamaan. Interaksi kelembagaan yang efektif merupakan langkah yang tepat untuk menjamin implementasi pengelolaan DAS secara terpadu.

STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN PERIKANAN TANGKAP DI KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN TALAUD

This paper is discussing the continuation of previous research result in Talaud Island Regency that analyzed the loss due to illegal fishing activities in the area. Simulation result shows that if there is no illegal fishing, fisheries economic potential in Talaud is estimated to be in about IDR 7 billion or even might reach IDR 10 billion, but if this illegal fishing activities increased with acceleration, then in in the coming year-20th that potential will be negative. This means an economic loss of Talaud Regency. By means of a SWOT analysis, at least three main strategies are obtained those are as follows: increasing local budget alocation for marine and fisheries sectors, fisheries bussiness cooperation between Indonesia and Filiphina to eliminate illegal fishing practices and empowerment of the local community.

PENDEKATAN BIONOMI PADA PELUANG PENGEMBANGAN PERIKANAN TANGKAP DI KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN TALAUD

The research is aimed to reveal opportunity development of the capture fisheries in Talaud Islands Regency by using bionomy approach with Gordon-Schaefer model (Fauzy, 2005) con-cerning the dominant of illegal fishing activities around the area. The research was started by co-llected some secondary data on fish production and number of fishing units. Primary data were collected on catch composition and types of fishing gear. Gordon-Schaefer methods was applied to evaluate the tuna and skipjack resources in the area. The troll and pole and line are indicated as the dominant fishing gears used to catch the skipjack and tuna. In case of open access condition, the production will end up to 25,09 tons, while the resource rent will be end up to zero. For the development, simulations were exercised in 3 scenarios: 1) scenario of enhancing domestic fleet, 2) scenario of illegal fishing, and 3) scenario of net surplus. With those scenarios, if the illegal fishing could be eliminated, the capture fisheries in this regency could render economic value to 10 billion rupiah.

Management of Small Pelagic Fishery Based on Environment Carrying Capacity

One of the potency for development of Sangihe Islands is sea and the availability of fish resources which is relatively high, both in terms of quantity and diversity. One of the fish types with high quantity in this area are pelagic fish group. This research aims to analyze the management of small pelagic fishing in order to maintain its sustainability. The research result indicate that the average sustainable production of the small pelagic for 20 years (1988-2007) observation was 3,128.45 tons/year. Depreciation value has reduced the rents value received by fishermen. With the method of the present value, the revenues from the market at discount rate of 15% should be Rp 274.97 billion. However, due to depreciation, the amount received just Rp 118.59 billion only. For the optimal and sustainable fisheries management, the effort level for small pelagic capture should be 5,342 trips/year at discount rate of 15%. To maintain the sustainability, the level should be lowered down around 46% from the present level in small pelagic management.

KORUPSI DALAM PEMBANGUNAN WILAYAH: SUATU KAJIAN EKONOMI POLITIK DAN BUDAYA

The main objective of the stuajl is to analyze the political economic and cultural factors aflecting corruption in regional economic development during decentralization era in Indonesia. The research uses both qualitative and quantitative methodology to elaborate the process of policy making in budgeting and in formulating regional regulation (Perda). Three districts were chosen as case studies i.e. Kabupaten Solok, Kabupaten Sukoharjo and Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara. The results of the stuajl indicate that corruption has already emerged since the begining of decision making process in the executive as well as legislative agencies. The findings show that political economic and cultural factors are strongly aflecting the corruption in regional development in the autonomy era.