Marluci Andrade Conceição Stipp

Grounded theory - conceptual and operational aspects: a method possible to be applied in nursing research

Se trata de estudio de naturaleza descriptiva reflexiva, apoyado en la literatura y de abordaje cualitativa. Tiene por objetivos discutir aspectos conceptuales de la teoria fundamentada en los datos y presentar la aplicabilidad de esa metodologia en el area de enfermeria. Consiste en marco teorico interpretativo y sistematico que extrae de las experiencias experimentadas por actores sociales aspectos significativos que posibilitan construir bases teoricas, potencializando la expansion del conocimiento. Se muestra una importante y consistente metodologia para objetos de estudio que envuelven interacciones humanas y que conforman fenomenos de la practica de la profesion todavia no desvelados y debidamente comprendidos, mediante el rigor requerido para la construccion de conocimientos de abordaje cualitativa.This is a descriptive-reflective study based on literature and qualitative design. It aimed to discuss conceptual aspects of Grounded Theory (GT) and to present the applicability of this methodology within the nursing field. GT consists of an interpretative and systematic framework that extracts significant aspects from experiences of social actors and which enables researchers to construct theoretical frameworks and intensify expansion of knowledge. It has been shown to be an important and consistent framework for objects of study that involve human interactions and which include phenomena concerning professional practice and which have not yet been properly examined and understood according to the rigor required for the construction of knowledge in qualitative designs.

TEORIA FUNDAMENTADA NOS DADOS - ASPECTOS CONCEITUAIS E OPERACIONAIS: METODOLOGIA POSSÍVEL DE SER APLICADA NA PESQUISA EM ENFERMAGEM

Se trata de estudio de naturaleza descriptiva reflexiva, apoyado en la literatura y de abordaje cualitativa. Tiene por objetivos discutir aspectos conceptuales de la teoria fundamentada en los datos y presentar la aplicabilidad de esa metodologia en el area de enfermeria. Consiste en marco teorico interpretativo y sistematico que extrae de las experiencias experimentadas por actores sociales aspectos significativos que posibilitan construir bases teoricas, potencializando la expansion del conocimiento. Se muestra una importante y consistente metodologia para objetos de estudio que envuelven interacciones humanas y que conforman fenomenos de la practica de la profesion todavia no desvelados y debidamente comprendidos, mediante el rigor requerido para la construccion de conocimientos de abordaje cualitativa.This is a descriptive-reflective study based on literature and qualitative design. It aimed to discuss conceptual aspects of Grounded Theory (GT) and to present the applicability of this methodology within the nursing field. GT consists of an interpretative and systematic framework that extracts significant aspects from experiences of social actors and which enables researchers to construct theoretical frameworks and intensify expansion of knowledge. It has been shown to be an important and consistent framework for objects of study that involve human interactions and which include phenomena concerning professional practice and which have not yet been properly examined and understood according to the rigor required for the construction of knowledge in qualitative designs.

Adverse events and safety in nursing care

OBJECTIVE To identify the scientific publications about adverse events in nursing care in adult hospitalized patients and discuss the main adverse events in nursing care. METHOD Integrative revision with a qualitative approach. The data were collected at LILACS, MEDLINE, BDENF and the library SCIELO and were submitted to thematic analysis. RESULTS Three categories were developed: Adverse events in nursing care; The main causes of the adverse events in nursing care; Attitude of nursing professionals in face of errors. The main events were identified in nursing care with emphasis on the medication error, the failure to perform dressings and falls of patients. The importance of instruments was emphasized for notification of adverse events in the institutions. However the fear of punishment on professionals stimulates the underreporting of events. CONCLUSION It is important to discuss effective prevention strategies that ensure patient safety in healthcare institutions.

Eventos adversos e segurança na assistência de enfermagem

OBJECTIVE To identify the scientific publications about adverse events in nursing care in adult hospitalized patients and discuss the main adverse events in nursing care. METHOD Integrative revision with a qualitative approach. The data were collected at LILACS, MEDLINE, BDENF and the library SCIELO and were submitted to thematic analysis. RESULTS Three categories were developed: Adverse events in nursing care; The main causes of the adverse events in nursing care; Attitude of nursing professionals in face of errors. The main events were identified in nursing care with emphasis on the medication error, the failure to perform dressings and falls of patients. The importance of instruments was emphasized for notification of adverse events in the institutions. However the fear of punishment on professionals stimulates the underreporting of events. CONCLUSION It is important to discuss effective prevention strategies that ensure patient safety in healthcare institutions.

Teoría fundamentada en los datos - aspectos conceptuales y operacionales: metodología posible de ser aplicada en la investigación en enfermería

Se trata de estudio de naturaleza descriptiva reflexiva, apoyado en la literatura y de abordaje cualitativa. Tiene por objetivos discutir aspectos conceptuales de la teoria fundamentada en los datos y presentar la aplicabilidad de esa metodologia en el area de enfermeria. Consiste en marco teorico interpretativo y sistematico que extrae de las experiencias experimentadas por actores sociales aspectos significativos que posibilitan construir bases teoricas, potencializando la expansion del conocimiento. Se muestra una importante y consistente metodologia para objetos de estudio que envuelven interacciones humanas y que conforman fenomenos de la practica de la profesion todavia no desvelados y debidamente comprendidos, mediante el rigor requerido para la construccion de conocimientos de abordaje cualitativa.This is a descriptive-reflective study based on literature and qualitative design. It aimed to discuss conceptual aspects of Grounded Theory (GT) and to present the applicability of this methodology within the nursing field. GT consists of an interpretative and systematic framework that extracts significant aspects from experiences of social actors and which enables researchers to construct theoretical frameworks and intensify expansion of knowledge. It has been shown to be an important and consistent framework for objects of study that involve human interactions and which include phenomena concerning professional practice and which have not yet been properly examined and understood according to the rigor required for the construction of knowledge in qualitative designs.

O cuidado de enfermagem no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca: um estudo de caso

Os objetivos deste estudo foram descrever as necessidades do paciente no pos-operatorio de cirurgia cardiaca identificadas pelos enfermeiros e discutir o cuidado de enfermagem com base em tais necessidades. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritivo-exploratoria, de natureza qualitativa, desenvolvida na Unidade Cardiointensiva do Hospital Federal dos Servidores do Estado no Rio de Janeiro. Os dados foram coletados em 2008, por meio de entrevista e observacao participante, e analisados mediante a analise de conteudo. Os dados mostraram uma enfermagem preocupada com o cuidado tecnico a beira do leito, porem, desprovida de maior interacao com o paciente e sua familia. Conclui-se que a adocao plena do processo de enfermagem como metodologia de trabalho contribuira para uma assistencia de melhor qualidade, pautada nas orientacoes necessarias para cada caso, e para uma melhor informacao sobre cuidado envolvendo pacientes, familiares e equipe de enfermagem.Resumen El objetivo del presente estudio fue describir las necesidades del paciente en el postoperatorio de cirugía cardíaca, según la percepción de los enfermeros, y discutir la atención de enfermería en el postoperatorio de cirugía cardiaca después de las necesidades identificadas. Estudio descriptivoexploratorio, cualitativo, desarrollado en la Unidad Cardio-Intensiva del Hospital Federal de los Servidores del Estado, en Rio de Janeiro. Los datos fueron recogidos en 2008, por medio de entrevistas y observación participante, y fueron analizados por medio del análisis de contenido. Los datos muestran una enfermería preocupada con la atención técnica a la cabecera del paciente, sin embargo, carece de una mayor interacción con el paciente y su familia. Se concluye que la adopción plena del proceso de enfermería como la metodología de trabajo contribuirá para mejorar la calidad de la asistencia, basada en la orientación necesaria para cada caso, contribuyendo para una mejor información sobre la atención que envuelve los pacientes, familiares y el personal de enfermería. Palabras clave: Atención en Enfermería. Procesos de Enfermería. Cirugía Torácica. 1Doutoranda em Enfermagem pela Escola de Enfermagem Anna Nery/ UFRJ. Professora Assistente do Depar tamento de Metodologia da EEAN/ UFRJ. Membro do Núcleo de Pesquisa Gestão em Saúde e Exercício Profissional em Enfermagem – GESPEn. Rio de Janeiro – RJ. Brasil. E-mail: inamachado@globo.com; 2Doutora em Enfermagem pela Escola de Enfermagem Anna Nery/ UFRJ. Professora Associada do Depar tamento de Metodologia da EEAN/ UFRJ. Membro da Diretoria do Núcleo de Pesquisa Gestão em Saúde e Exercício Profissional em Enfermagem – GESPEn. Rio de Janeiro RJ. Brasil. E-mail: marlustipp@gmail.com; 3Doutoranda em Enfermagem pela Escola de Enfermagem Anna Nery/ UFRJ. Professora Assistente do Depar tamento de Metodologia da EEAN/ UFRJ. Membro do Núcleo de Pesquisa Gestão em Saúde e Exercício Profissional em Enfermagem – GESPEn. Rio de Janeiro – RJ. Brasil. E-mail: mariagefe@gmail.com; 4Doutora em Enfermagem pela Escola de Enfermagem Anna Nery/ UFRJ. Professora Adjunta do Depar tamento de Metodologia da EEAN/ UFRJ. Membro do Núcleo de Pesquisa Gestão em Saúde e Exercício Profissional em Enfermagem – GESPEn. Rio de Janeiro – RJ. Brasil. E-mail: mmarcelle@ig.com.br PESQUISA RESEARCH INVESTIGACIÓN The aim of this study was to describe the needs of patients after cardiac surgery identified by the nurses and discuss nursing care based on these findings. A descriptive, exploratory qualitative approach was developed at the cardiac intensive care unit of the Hospital Federal dos Servidores do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Data collection occurred in 2008, using interview and participant observation techniques and data analysis followed content analysis procedure. Findings show a nursing care compromised with technical care and procedures but devoid the interaction with the patient itself and their family. As conclusion we suggest the adoption of the nursing process as methodology of work to improve quality and contributing to enrich information about patient’s care, their family and the nursing team.

A atenção da enfermeira à saúde cardiovascular de mulheres hipertensas

Este estudio es parte integrante del analisis de los resultados del Proyecto Integrado nombrado Prevalencia de las Enfermedades Cardiovasculares en la Clientela examinada en el Hospital Escuela del Municipio del Rio de Janeiro. Estudio descriptivo, exploratorio y cuantitativo. Objetivos: Estimar la frecuencia de la hipertension arterial en la clientela femenina asistida en el ambulatorio de un Hospital Escuela del Municipio del Rio de Janeiro, trazar el perfil de riesgo para las enfermedades cardiovasculares de la clientela referida, y desarrollar un plan de intervencion basado en el perfil de la clientela. Un cuestionario fue aplicado en 102 clientes. Encontramos 64,71% hipertensas; de estas 89,39% utilizo alguna medicacion contra la hipertension, 68,18% mencionaron no practicar ejercicios fisicos regularmente, 54,55% se consideraba tensionadas, 72.73% tenian antecedentes familiares de la enfermedad cardiovascular. La atencion a la clientela hipertensa tiene como objetivo mas alla del control de los patrones del estilo de vida, el control de la presion arterial, investigacion sobre los factores de riesgo y orientacion sobre la medicacion usada y sus efectos.

Reflexões sobre o pesquisador nas trilhas da Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados

This descriptive-reflexive study was performed with the objective to present the characteristics of researchers who use the Grounded Theory method, and outline the development of aptitudes for the researcher to become a Grounded Theoretician. The theoretical discussion was based on the frameworks of this methodology and supported by the literature. The article presents the main demands of qualitative studies using Grounded Theory, and important behaviors, attitudes and characteristics developed by the researchers. It is concluded that learning about Grounded Theory involves more than operationalizing a group of procedures and techniques. It also involves facing challenges to change ones attitude as a researcher and develop new ways of thinking and researching, gathering knowledge based on data to form a theory.This descriptive-reflexive study was performed with the objective to present the characteristics of researchers who use the Grounded Theory method, and outline the development of aptitudes for the researcher to become a Grounded Theoretician. The theoretical discussion was based on the frameworks of this methodology and supported by the literature. The article presents the main demands of qualitative studies using Grounded Theory, and important behaviors, attitudes and characteristics developed by the researchers. It is concluded that learning about Grounded Theory involves more than operationalizing a group of procedures and techniques. It also involves facing challenges to change ones attitude as a researcher and develop new ways of thinking and researching, gathering knowledge based on data to form a theory.

Thoughts regarding researchers Utilizing Grounded Theory

This descriptive-reflexive study was performed with the objective to present the characteristics of researchers who use the Grounded Theory method, and outline the development of aptitudes for the researcher to become a Grounded Theoretician. The theoretical discussion was based on the frameworks of this methodology and supported by the literature. The article presents the main demands of qualitative studies using Grounded Theory, and important behaviors, attitudes and characteristics developed by the researchers. It is concluded that learning about Grounded Theory involves more than operationalizing a group of procedures and techniques. It also involves facing challenges to change ones attitude as a researcher and develop new ways of thinking and researching, gathering knowledge based on data to form a theory.This descriptive-reflexive study was performed with the objective to present the characteristics of researchers who use the Grounded Theory method, and outline the development of aptitudes for the researcher to become a Grounded Theoretician. The theoretical discussion was based on the frameworks of this methodology and supported by the literature. The article presents the main demands of qualitative studies using Grounded Theory, and important behaviors, attitudes and characteristics developed by the researchers. It is concluded that learning about Grounded Theory involves more than operationalizing a group of procedures and techniques. It also involves facing challenges to change ones attitude as a researcher and develop new ways of thinking and researching, gathering knowledge based on data to form a theory.

La Teoría Fundamentada en Datos: Un camino a la investigación en enfermería

Se trata de un estudio de naturaleza descriptivo-reflexiva fundamentado en la literatura. La utilizacion de diferentes referenciales metodologicos ha sido una busqueda constante en la practica de investigacion en distintas areas del conocimiento. La enfermeria, en este sentido, ha buscado apoyar sus investigaciones en referenciales diversificados como forma de ampliar su cuerpo de conocimiento. De ese modo, este articulo tiene como objetivo tejer algunas consideraciones y reflexiones acerca de la utilizacion y de los aportes de la Teoria Fundamentada en Datos (TDF) en cuanto un metodo de investigacion en el area de la Enfermeria, por medio de un rescate de sus principales aspectos conceptuales, asi como de su aplicabilidad en trabajos del area. La TFD consiste en un referencial interpretativo y sistematico que extrae de las experiencias vivenciadas por actores sociales aspectos significativos que posibilitan construir bases teoricas, potenciando la expansion del conocimiento en enfermeria. Palabras clave: Enfermeria/ Investigacion en Enfermeria/ Teoria Fundamentada en Datos.